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Gel- and fibro-palagonite symmetrically developed adjacent to a fracture |
| Light photomicrograph showing gel- and fibro-palagonite symmetrically developed adjacent to a fracture. The fracture is mineralized, cutting the glass and the plagioclase crystal. The outermost margin of the gel-palagonite is bioaltered. DSDP sample 418A, 56-5, 129-132. (a) Plane light. (b ... |
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Biogenerated textures of the granular type |
| Biogenerated textures of the granular type. (a) Fractures of different generations cutting the basaltic glass. Note how the degree of bioalteration differs between two fractures. DSDP sample 46-396B, 17R-3, 62-70. (b) Bioalteration at the junction between two fractures. DSDP sample 69-504B ... |
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Biogenerated textures of the tubular type |
| Biogenerated textures of the tubular type. (a) Differently oriented fractures with the tubular-type biostructures showing parallel orientation. (b) Detail from Figure 4a. (c and d) Both samples from 504B, 48-2, 121-126. Light photomicrographs of the tubular-type biostructures, all rooted i ... |
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BSE-SEM images and element maps showing the distribution of carbon and calcium |
| BSE-SEM images (Figures 5a and 5d) and element maps showing the distribution of carbon (Figures 5b and 5e), and calcium (Figures 5c and 5f) from the same areas as Figures 5a and 5d. Bioalteration of the granular type is shown in Figures 5a-5c. Note the banded, abiotic alteration to the left i ... |
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BSE-SEM image from the alteration front of the granular type texture |
| BSE-SEM image from the alteration front of the granular type texture. The filament-like features (F) are attached to the fresh glass (FG). Sample 49-410A, 4R-3, 28-33. |
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Photomicrographs of granular texture and tubular texture |
| (a and b) Photomicrographs of granular texture and (c and d) tubular texture of sample 148-896A, 11R-1, 73-75. Thin sections of samples were treated for 1 min with 10mg/ml 4,6-diamino-phenyl-indole (DAPI), a fluorescent dye that specifically stains DNA [Porter and Feig, 1980]. Excess dye wa ... |
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Alteration data for basaltic glass from the Atlantic Ocean, Costa Rica Rift and Lau Basin |
| Compilation of all alteration data from the basaltic glass samples from the Atlantic Ocean, Costa Rica Rift and Lau Basin, showing the percentage of (a) bioalteration, (b) abiotic alteration, and (c) bioalteration of total alteration |
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DSDP/ODP drill holes in the Atlantic Ocean, Costa Rica Rift, and Lau Basin |
| Location maps for the DSDP/ODP drill holes from the Atlantic Ocean, Costa Rica Rift, and Lau Basin, from which samples have been investigated. Sources for the compilations are as follows: Atlantic Ocean, Luydendyk et al. [1978], Dmitriev et al. [1987], Robinson et al. [1979] and Detrick et al ... |
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Fracture density versus depth into volcanic basement, for glass rinds in pillow lavas |
| Fracture density (mm/cm2) versus depth (m) into volcanic basement, for glass rinds in pillow lavas from Atlantic Ocean (Holes 410A, 396B, 417D, and 418A), Costa Rica Rift (Holes 504B and 896A), and Lau Basin (Hole 834B) |
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Fracture density versus bioalteration of basaltic glass in the upper oceanic crust |
| Fracture density (mm/cm2) versus percentage bioalteration of basaltic glass in pillow lavas from the upper 300 m of the oceanic crust. Data are from the Atlantic Ocean (Holes 410A, 396B, 417D, and 418A), Costa Rica Rift (Holes 504B and 896A), and Lau Basin (Hole 834B) |
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Percentage of bioalteration of total alteration divided into three age groups |
| Percentage of bioalteration of total alteration divided into three age groups, that is (a) 0-6 Ma, (b) 10 and 38 Ma, and (c) 110 Ma. For each group the upper bounds of bioalteration, and the running averages (black line) are shown. (d) The upper bounds of the 0-6 Ma, 10 and 38 Ma, and 110 M ... |
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