GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 0.08           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 82120           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 0.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 1.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 9.3           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 8.3           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 5           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 150           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 568           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 458           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 175           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.7           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.037           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 35 Br 0.28           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 6 C 588           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 48600           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.101           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 53.1           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 23           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 278           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 39           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 33           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 35           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 228           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 235           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 144           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 65           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.1           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.8           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 78           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 38           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 37.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 90           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 4.7           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.17           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 553           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 429           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 57060           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.6           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 2.1           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.021           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.77           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.99           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.68           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.7           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 53 I 0.14           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.052           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 13140           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 11           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 26.8           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 11           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.29           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.43           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 31550           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 1700           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 929           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 7 N 34           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 21200           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 14           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 4           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 11.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 12.7           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 28.1           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 35           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 89           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 99           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 135           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 872           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 7.5           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.5           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4.2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 7.5           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Newsom et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 5.2           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Davies 1984 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 6.8           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Zartman & Doe 1981 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 7           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 23           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 7.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 5.3           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 8           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 850           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 408           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 36           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 19           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 25.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 40           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.17           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 50           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 271330           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.17           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.1           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.5           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 230           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 352           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 317           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 425           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.84           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 2           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.59           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.81           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.48           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.06           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 6.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 7.7           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.95           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 5010           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.26           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.24           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.32           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.63           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 1.1           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.93           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.28           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 230           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 139           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 285           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 149           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.7           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 27.2           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 30           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 19           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 22           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.5           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 79           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 89           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 165           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 169           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 30           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 70           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 13.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 8.52           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 15.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.48           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.92           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.28           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.68           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 1.58           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.07           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.57           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.47           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 10.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 9.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 9.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.57           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.24           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.09           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.44           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.52           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 10.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.57           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.75           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.47           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 3.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 3.41           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.37           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.28           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 6.28           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.8           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.24           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 6.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.53           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 9.79           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.36           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 8.72           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 5.32           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.46           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.79           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.91           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.08           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 1.43           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.58           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.65           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 4.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 53.4           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 25.4           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 53.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 54.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 52.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 53.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 49.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 58.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 62.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 62.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 52           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.85           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.97           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.95           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 14.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 19           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.2           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.008           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.198           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.2           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.17           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.43           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.21           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 58.7           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 61.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 52.3           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 54           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.88           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 90           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 3.4           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 38           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 98           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 50           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.13           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 1           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 75 Re 0.4           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 81 Tl 230           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 51           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 65           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 90           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 80           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 1.6           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 1.58           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 3.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Lower Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.13           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Saal et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 2.78           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 1           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 2.8           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 78 Pt 2.87           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 78 Pt 2.7           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 75 Re 0.18           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Saal et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 75 Re 0.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.75           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 33 As 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 7.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 5 B 8.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Leeman et al. 1992 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 3.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 568           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 150           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 509           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 305           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 212           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 523           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 757           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 1434           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 994           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 564           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.037           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.038           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 35 Br 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 35 Br 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.101           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.097           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.098           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 45           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 44           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 46           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 278           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 250           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 216           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 219           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 123           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 228           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 276           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 178           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 490           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 145           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 168           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 133           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.07           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 2.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 40           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 50           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 4.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 6.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 5.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 3.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.39           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 0.97           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 429           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 703           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 9 F 570           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 6.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.0063           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.014           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.021           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.77           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.99           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 1.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 53 I 0.14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 53 I 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.052           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 57 La 9.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 7 N 34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 7 N 34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 10           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 7.75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 13.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 156           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 99           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 80           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 58           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 347           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 141           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 9.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 7.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 51           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 345           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 16 S 408           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 231           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 5.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 6.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 518           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 352           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 308           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 230           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 286           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 712           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 354           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 447           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 569           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.48           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.81           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.48           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.72           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 2.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.42           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.49           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 6.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 5.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 5.74           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.93           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.66           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 1.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 149           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 271           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 185           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 189           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 140           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 217           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 100           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 139           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.51           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see table notes Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 40           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 3.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 0.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 89           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 85           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 102           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 206           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 180           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 202           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 114           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 127           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 165           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 162           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 70           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.7             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Eu/Eu* 1.14             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Eu/Eu* 1.14             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Eu/Sr 0.0032             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   K/Rb 413             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   K/U 23800             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   La/Nb 1.6             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 45.6             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 50.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 76.2             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 52.3             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 56.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 58.6             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 53.4             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 60.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 46.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 51.4             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 55.9             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 60.1             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Rb/Ba 0.04             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Rb/Cs 35             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Rb/Sr 0.033             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Rb/Sr 0.03             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Sm/Nd 0.25             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Sr/Nd 30             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Sr/Nd 31.63             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Th/U 5.9             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   U/Pb 0.047             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Zr/Hf 36             Rudnick & Fountain 1995