GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

GERM Database Search Results        
Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s)
Ademellites 1 H 0.73         113 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Adamellite consolidated from 27 references and 113 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 78.18, Crystallization index equal to 13.54.Sum of values from H2O+ and H2O-. Le Maitre 1976
Alaska Trench 1 H 6.31           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 3 or moderate. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Aleutian Trench 1 H 8.02           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
ALH 84001 Meteorite 1 H 550           ppm Mars elemental abundances as given by ALH84001 meteorite, which is an orthopyroxenite, as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Amphibolites 1 H 2.67         189 wt%ox Average of 165 subsamples and 24 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Andaman Trench 1 H 8.65           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 4 or low. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Andesites 1 H 0.91         50 wt%ox Average Aleutian Andeiste major and minor element composition taken from Plank and Langmuir 1988. Andesite was used in this case to correct for the ash layer which was omitted from sampling of the upper unit of the Aleutian trench. Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988
Andesites 1 H 1.17         2203 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Andesite consolidated from 200 references and 2203 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 51.41, Crystallization index equal to 34.27.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Andesites 1 H       3     wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in Andesites. Note that it is particularly difficult to quantify pre-eruptive volatile abundances for Andesites because most are erupted subaerially after significant degassing has taken place and contain abundant phenocrysts such that liquid compositions are more silicic than bulk rock. Mineral disequilibria also hamper experimental work. Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Anorthosites 1 H 1.31         97 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Anorthosite consolidated from 23 references and 97 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 28.91, Crystallization index equal to 58.00.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Archean Canadian Shield 1 H 0.8           wt%ox Major and minor element composition of the Upper Continental Crust as given by Goodwin 1978. Shaw et al. 1986 Goodwin 1978
Archean Canadian Shield 1 H 0.7           wt%ox Major and minor element composition of the Upper Continental Crust as given by Eade and Fahrig 1971. Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971
Archean Terrains 1 H 1.1           wt%ox Major and minor element composition of the Upper Continental Crust as given by Shaw et al. 1967. Shaw et al. 1986 Shaw et al. 1967
Arenaceous Rocks 1 H 2.18         121 wt%ox Average of 110 subsamples and 11 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Arenaceous Rocks 1 H 1.97         2754 wt%ox Average of 2628 subsamples and 126 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Ashy Clay 1 H 8.52         4 wt%ox Average of 4 ashy clays after Peate et al. (1997) that have been diluted by the percentages of pure SiO2 and CaCO3 in the drill cores. The biogenic diluent is minor at 1.7% pure silica and 2.5% CaCO3 in this 85 m deep unit. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Atmosphere 1 H 0.55           ppm Mole fraction of H2: Hydrogen gas in dry air. Major sources for these gases in the atmosphere range from biological sources to antropogenic. Prinn 2004 Brasseur et al. 1999
Prinn et al. 2000
Atmosphere 1 H 0.05           ppt Mole fraction of OH: Hydroxyl radical gas in dry air. Major sources for these gases in the atmosphere range from biological sources to antropogenic. Prinn 2004 Brasseur et al. 1999
Prinn et al. 2000
Atmosphere 1 H 2           ppt Mole fraction of HO2: Hydroperoxyl radical gas in dry air. Major sources for these gases in the atmosphere range from biological sources to antropogenic. Prinn 2004 Brasseur et al. 1999
Prinn et al. 2000
Back Arc Basin Basalt 1 H       1 3   wt% Average of typical pre-eruptive H2O volatile abundance for Back Arc Basin Basalt (BABB). Generally speaking these particular values are intermediate between MORB and Island Arc Basalts. Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Basalts 1 H 1.38         3156 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Basalt consolidated from 330 references and 3156 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 31.18, Crystallization index equal to 45.19.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Basalts 1 H 1.38         3156 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Basalt consolidated from 330 references and 3156 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 31.18, Crystallization index equal to 45.19. Le Maitre 1976
Basanites 1 H 1.62         138 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Basanite consolidated from 40 references and 138 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 33.58, Crystallization index equal to 44.58.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Brown Clay 1 H 9.24         4 wt%ox Average of 4 brown clays using DCP analyses. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Brown Clay 1 H 10         29 wt%ox The brown clay analyses where averaged over 10 m intervals and then averaged down-unit. Assumed 10% LOI. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate 1 H 1         13 wt%ox The average Ca-carbonate in this unit is 80% based on Leg 67 shipboard carbonate bomb analyses. The analyses have been adjusted accordingly for 45% CaO. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites 1 H 0.5         87 wt%ox Average of 87 Cenozoic carbonate turbidites in 100 m of the total of 500 m ODP section. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonates 1 H 0.93         2038 wt%ox Average of 1922 subsamples and 116 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Carbonates 1 H 1.2         50 wt%ox Average of 45 subsamples and 5 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Cascadia Trench 1 H 9.18           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 4 or low. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central America Trench 1 H 4.59           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 2.01           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 1.77           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average worldwide mafic granulite xenolith (Rudnick & Fountain, 1995). Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 1.88           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 1.66           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average mafic granulite from Archean high-grade terrains in Central East China (Appendix 1). Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 1.92           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 1.78           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Average composition of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 1.36           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Calculated according to 70% intermediate granulite plus 15% mafic granulite plus 15% metapelite from central East China (Appendix 1; for detailed explanation see text). Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 2.07           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 1.94           wt%ox Average composition for Central East China. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average mafic granulite from Archean high-grade terrains in Central East China (Appendix 1). Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 1 H 2.11           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Chassigny Meteorite 1 H 740   70       ppm Mars elemental abundances as given by Chassigny meteorite (chassignite) as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Chert 1 H 7.29         4 wt%ox Average of 4 brown chert analyses. Due to the poor recovery of these notoriously hard chert beds, this chert section may be overdiluted by silica causing an underestimation of the geochemical abundances. The dilution factors have therefore been based on the down-core logging for SiO2 contents. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert 1 H 4.97         4 wt%ox Average of 4 brown chert analyses. Due to the poor recovery of these notoriously hard chert beds, this chert section may be overdiluted by silica causing an underestimation of the geochemical abundances. The dilution factors have therefore been based on the down-core logging for SiO2 contents. Plank & Langmuir 1998
CI Chondrites 1 H 2.02           wt% Abundance of elements in the solar system based off of Palme & Beer 1993 study of CI meteorites. Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 1 H 2.02   0.202       wt% Composition of the Primitive Mantle of the Earth as based on CI Chondritic major and trace element compositions from Chapter 1.03 Palme & Jones 2004 Treatise of Geochemistry. Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites 1 H 2.02   0.202       wt% Abundance of elements in the solar system based off of Palme & Beer 1993 study of CI meteorites. Elements imcompletely condensed in CI meteorites. Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993
Clastic Turbidites 1 H 9.18         28 wt%ox In this homogeneous turbidite unit 28 analyses were used to calculate an average by weighting interval height and lithology. Proportions of sand, silt and clay were estimated from core descriptions. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Colombia Trench 1 H 6.92           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 3 or moderate. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Comet Halley 1 H 9.47   0.08         Logarithmic abundance relative to log N(H) = 12.00. Normalized to Mg = 7.58. This estimates combines the measurement of both the dust and gas components in the comet Halley. Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988
Comet Halley 1 H 9.21             Elemental abundances found in Comet Halley as measured by Delsemme 1988. Anders & Grevesse 1989 Delsemme 1988
Comet Halley 1 H 9.41             Elemental abundances found in Comet Halley as measured by Geiss 1987. Anders & Grevesse 1989 Geiss 1987
Continental Arc Basalt 1 H 0.259             Compositional analyses of Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Momotombo Volcano 1980. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as HF. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Continental Arc Basalt 1 H 2.89             Compositional analyses of Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Momotombo Volcano 1980. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as HCl. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Continental Arc Basalt 1 H 0.7             Compositional analyses of Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Momotombo Volcano 1980. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2 (Pure Hydrogen Gas Emissions). Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Continental Arc Basalt 1 H 97.11             Compositional analyses of Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Momotombo Volcano 1980. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2O. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Continental Arc Basalt 1 H 0.23             Compositional analyses of Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Momotombo Volcano 1980. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as H2S gas. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Core 1 H 600           µg/g Compostioinal models for the bulk Earth, core and silicate Earth are modified after McDonough & Sun (1995). McDonough 1998
Core 1 H 0.06           wt% Major element composition model for Earth Core assuming Silicon is the light element in the Core. All values given are in wt.%. McDonough 2004
Core 1 H 0.06           wt% Geochemical constraints on light elements in the bulk Earth core as given by various sources. Li & Fei 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995
Core 1 H 600           ppm Elemental composition of the Earth's core as given in ppm unless stated as wt. %. McDonough 2004
Core 1 H 0.06           wt% Major element composition of the Earth Core. McDonough 2004
Core 1 H 0.06           wt% Major element composition model for Earth Core assuming Oxygen is the light element in the Core.  All values given in wt.%. McDonough 2004
Dacites 1 H 0.8542             Compositional analyses of Dacite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Mt. St. Helens 1980. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin. Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2 (Pure Hydrogen Gas Emissions). Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Dacites 1 H 0.3553             Compositional analyses of Dacite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Mt. St. Helens 1980. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as H2S gas. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Dacites 1 H 91.58             Compositional analyses of Dacite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Mt. St. Helens 1980. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin. Hydrogen in this case is represented by H2O. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Dacites 1 H 1.19         578 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Dacite consolidated from 80 references and 578 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 67.62, Crystallization index equal to 23.17.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Depleted Mantle 1 H 116   58       ppm Estimate for the concentrations in the Depleted Mantle of most of the elements of the Periodic Table.  H2O/Ce is the element ratio used to make this estimate. Salters & Stracke 2004
Diabases 1 H 2.11         370 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Diabase consolidated from 64 references and 370 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 31.49, Crystallization index equal to 42.08.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Diatom Oozes & Clay 1 H 7.13         15 wt%ox Weighted average based on DCP analyses for 200 m of diatom oozes. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Clay 1 H 2.32         6 wt%ox Upper 240 m of a total section that is 335 m thick (Site 581) dominated by diatom clay. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Mud 1 H 16.15         6 wt%ox Based on smear slides an average of 35% biogenic opal (SiO2) has been estimated, which is consistent with 17 wt% biogenic opal estimated from shipboard logs. The 6 analyses have simply been averaged since the SiO2 content is consistently ~57%. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Ooze 1 H 6.55         4 wt%ox This ash-rich diatom ooze contains 50% diatoms and 7% ash particles. The individual analyses therefore have been diluted with 65% SiO2 based on an average 75% SiO2 in the diatoms. The analyses were further enriched by adding an average Aleutian andesite (Plank & Langmuir, 1988) to represent the ash layers in this section. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diorite 1 H 1.75         260 wt%ox Average of 243 subsamples and 17 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Diorites 1 H 1.36         755 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Diorite consolidated from 141 references and 755 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 50.66, Crystallization index equal to 32.87.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Dolerites 1 H 1.89         687 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Dolerite consolidated from 99 references and 687 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 29.15, Crystallization index equal to 44.56.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
DSDP/ODP Site 800 1 H 6.87           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 801 1 H 6.71           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Dunites 1 H 4.84         78 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Dunite consolidated from 35 references and 78 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 2.16, Crystallization index equal to 67.05.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
East China Craton 1 H 1.94           wt%ox Compostional estimate of East China. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average mafic granulite from Archean high-grade terrains in Central East China (Appendix 1). Gao et al. 1998
East China Craton 1 H 1.74           wt%ox Compostional estimate of East China. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average worldwide mafic granulite xenolith (Rudnick & Fountain, 1995). Gao et al. 1998
East Sunda Trench 1 H 8.51           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Felsic Granulites 1 H 1.04         137 wt%ox Average of 116 subsamples and 21 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Volcanics 1 H 1.84         972 wt%ox Average of 895 subsamples and 77 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Ferruginous Clay 1 H 11.97         2 wt%ox The proportions of the Fe-rich and carbonate-rich clays are roughly equal based on barrel sheet descriptions. One analysis of each rock type is simply averaged. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 1 H 0.42             Compositional analyses of Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Erta 'Ale Volcano 1974. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as HCl. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 1 H       0.4 0.5   wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in magmas of MORB settings.  The values reported are generally for the melt phase (dissolved). Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 1 H       0.1 0.2   wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in magmas of MORB settings.  The values reported are generally for the melt phase (dissolved). Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 1 H 0.68             Compositional analyses of Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Erta 'Ale Volcano 1974. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as H2S gas. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 1 H 1.5           wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in magmas of MORB settings. This particular value is that of Enriched Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (E-MORB). The values reported are generally for the melt phase (dissolved). Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 1 H 77.24             Compositional analyses of Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Erta 'Ale Volcano 1974. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2O. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 1 H 1.39             Compositional analyses of Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Erta 'Ale Volcano 1974. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2 (Pure Hydrogen Gas Emissions). Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Gabbros 1 H 0.7           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976
Gabbros 1 H 0.86         1317 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Gabbro consolidated from 173 references and 1317 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 26.46, Crystallization index equal to 48.34.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Granites 1 H 0.77         2236 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Granite consolidated from 197 references and 2236 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 84.24, Crystallization index equal to 9.27.Combination of values from H2O+ and H2O-. Le Maitre 1976
Granites 1 H 1.11         402 wt%ox Average of 369 subsamples and 33 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Granites 1 H 0.89         1226 wt%ox Average of 1140 subsamples and 86 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Granodiorites 1 H 1.04         723 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Granodiorite consolidated from 125 references and 723 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 70.20, Crystallization index equal to 20.38.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Granodiorites 1 H 0.8           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976
Green Clay 1 H 11.02         3 wt%ox Silty clay (37.5%), clay (50%) and nannofossil ooze (12.5%) make up this section. Two analyses have been made for silty clay and the clay lithologies, whereas the ooze is assumed to contain 56% CaO, 44% CO2 and 1000 ppm Sr. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Harzburgites 1 H 4.24         199 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Harzburgite consolidated from 18 references and 199 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 3.43, Crystallization index equal to 66.60.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Hawaiites 1 H 1.34         58 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Hawaiite consolidated from 13 references and 58 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 42.64, Crystallization index equal to 36.02.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Hydrothermal Sediment 1 H 9.43         4 wt%ox Average of 4 hydrothermal sediments or clays using DCP analyses. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Igneous Rocks 1 H 1.25         22775 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Igneous rocks consolidated from 967 references and 22,775 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 51.81, Crystallization index equal to 30.82. Combination of H2O+ and H2O- average values. Le Maitre 1976
Interior North China Craton 1 H 1.6           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 1 H 1.81           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 1 H 1.57           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 1 H 1.49           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 1 H 1.26           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Average compostion of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
Interlayerd Clay & Chert 1 H 19.62         2 wt%ox Bottom 65 m of a total section that is 335 m thick (Site 581) dominated by interlayered clay and chert. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Chert & Limestone 1 H 3.16         5 wt%ox Average of 5 chert and limestone analyses. Due to the poor recovery of these notoriously hard chert beds, this chert section may be overdiluted by silica causing an underestimation of the geochemical abundances. The dilution factors have therefore been based on the down-core logging for SiO2 contents. The logging data was also used to determine the average CaO as calcium carbonate to dilute all elements (except Sr) accordingly. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Clay & Chert 1 H 7.61         12 wt%ox This interval is estimated to be 25% chert based on core descriptions. Average clay from 30-58 m depth is diluted with 25% chert at 100% Si. Average of 12 cherts and clays using DCP analyses. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Intermediate Granulites 1 H 1.07         136 wt%ox Average of 115 subsamples and 21 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Island Arc Andesite 1 H 97.23             Compositional analyses of Andesite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Mt. St. Augustine 1979. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any island arc.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2O. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Island Arc Andesite 1 H 0.056             Compositional analyses of Andesite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Mt. St. Augustine 1979. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any island arc.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as HF. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Island Arc Andesite 1 H 0.381             Compositional analyses of Andesite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Mt. St. Augustine 1979. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any island arc.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2 (Pure Hydrogen Gas Emissions). Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Island Arc Andesite 1 H 0.057             Compositional analyses of Andesite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Mt. St. Augustine 1979. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any island arc.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as H2S gas. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Island Arc Andesite 1 H 0.365             Compositional analyses of Andesite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Mt. St. Augustine 1979. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any island arc.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as HCl. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Island Arc Basalt 1 H       4 6   wt% Average of typical pre-eruptive H2O volatile abundance in Arc Basalts. Actual values are up to and including these given abundances, largely sourced from subducted slab; crustal assimilation another potential source especially for arcs built on continental crust. Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Izu-Bonin Trench 1 H 4.88           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 4 or low. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Japan Trench 1 H 10.1           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 2 or high. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Java Trench 1 H 8.17           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Jupiter Atmosphere 1 H       1       Abundances of major element species in the atmosphere of Jupiter with the values expressed as relative to solar abundance. See Source citations for abundance values in absolute units. Hydrogen value as Water H2O. Lunine 2004 Atreya et al. 1999b
Gautier et al. 2001
Noll et al. 1989
Fink et al. 1978
Jupiter Atmosphere 1 H       2.2 2.9     Abundances of major element species in the atmosphere of Jupiter with the values expressed as relative to solar abundance. See Source citations for abundance values in absolute units. Hydrogen is given as Hydrogen Sulfide H2S. Lunine 2004 Atreya et al. 1999b
Gautier et al. 2001
Noll et al. 1989
Fink et al. 1978
Kamchatka Trench 1 H 11.98           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 3 or moderate. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kerm Trench 1 H 8.9           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 4 or low. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kimberlite 1 H 7.63         22 wt% Average major and trace element composition and selected isotopic ratio data for Koidu Kimberlites from Sierra Leone. Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994
Kuriles Trench 1 H 10.1           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 2 or high. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Latites 1 H 1.66         146 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Latite consolidated from 46 references and 146 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 68.49, Crystallization index equal to 20.89.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Lherzolites 1 H 1.1         177 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Lherzolite consolidated from 16 references and 177 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 6.16, Crystallization index equal to 66.06.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Lujavrites 1 H 1.49         76 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Lujavrite consolidated from 6 references and 76 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 64.78, Crystallization index equal to 5.01.Total H2O value calculated by combining H2O+ (=1.18) and H2O- (=0.31). Le Maitre 1976
Mafic Granulites 1 H 1.44         128 wt%ox Average of 93 subsamples and 35 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Intrusions 1 H 1.87         308 wt%ox Average of 276 subsamples and 32 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Makran Trench 1 H 5.28           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 3 or moderate. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mantle 1 H 0.01           wt% Major element composition of the Earth Mantle. McDonough 2004
Marianas Trench 1 H 6.79           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mavic Volcanics 1 H 3.19         632 wt%ox Average of 538 subsamples and 49 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 1 H 2.2         41 wt%ox Average phosphorite of Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale member of Phosphoria Formation. Gulbrandsen 1966
Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 1 H 0.6         41 wt%ox Average phosphorite of Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale member of Phosphoria Formation. Gulbrandsen 1966
Metafelsic Volcanics 1 H 1.5         41 wt%ox Average of 38 subsamples and 3 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Metalliferous Clay 1 H 10.2         12 wt%ox Average of 12 metalliferous clays between 10-30 m depth using DCP analyses. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Metamorphic Rocks 1 H 0.5           wt%ox Metamorphic rock proportions according to fig. 2: 64% Gneisses; 15.4% Mica Schist; 17.8% Amphibolites; 2.6% Marbles. Wedepohl 1995 Poldervaart 1955
Mexico Trench 1 H 10           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 2 or high. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Monzonites 1 H 1.09         252 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Monzonite consolidated from 102 references and 252 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 69.58, Crystallization index equal to 19.20.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Mugearites 1 H 2.14         55 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Mugearite consolidated from 25 references and 55 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 54.63, Crystallization index equal to 25.83.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
N-MORB 1 H 0.05           wt%ox Values of N-MORB taken from varying sources for comparison to 735B gabbro composition analyzed in Hart et al. 1999. Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988
Ito et al. 1987
Smith et al. 1995
Hauri & Hart 1997
Nakhla Meteorite 1 H 570   120       ppm Mars elemental abundances as given by Nakhla meteorite (nakhlite) as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Nankai Trench 1 H 6.25           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nano Ooze 1 H 3.13         4 wt%ox Average of 4 nanno oozes after Peate et al. (1997) that have been diluted by the percentages of pure CaCO3 in the drill cores. The biogenic diluent is 28% CaCO3 in this 114 m deep unit. The average was calculated after renormalizing the analyses on a CaCO3-free basis followed by the dilution appropriate for these drill cores. Core estimates have been weigthed by the height of the drilled intervals. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nepheline Leucite Basalts 1 H 2.12         70 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Nepheline, Leucite Basalt consolidated from 16 references and 70 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 28.60, Crystallization index equal to 48.50.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Nepheline Syenites 1 H 1.47         108 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Nepheline syenite consolidated from 37 references and 108 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 84.20, Crystallization index equal to 7.45. Value is combination of H2O+ and H2O-. Le Maitre 1976
Nephelinites 1 H 2.19         159 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Nephelinite consolidated from 38 references and 159 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 38.07, Crystallization index equal to 37.70.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Norites 1 H 0.97         188 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Norite consolidated from 41 references and 188 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 23.29, Crystallization index equal to 51.19.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
North Antilles Trench 1 H 12.67           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 2 or high. Plank & Langmuir 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 1 H 1.94           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the North Qinling orogenic belt. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 1 H 2           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the Northern Qinling orogenic belt. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 1 H 2.53           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the North Qinling orogenic belt. The middle crust of the North Qinling belt is assumed to consist of the underthrusted South Qinling middle crust (see text for explanation). Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 1 H 1.48           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the North Qinling orogenic belt. Average composition of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 1 H 1.82           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the North Qinling orogenic belt. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H       0.4 0.9   wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in magmas of OIB setting. The values reported are typically that of the melt phase (dissolved). These values are taken from Hawaiian Ocean Island Basalt. Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H       0.2 1   wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in magmas of OIB setting. The values reported are typically that of the melt phase (dissolved). Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 0.19             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1983. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type II Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as HF. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 0.1             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1983. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type II Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as HCl. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 0.622             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1983. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type II Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as H2S gas. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 79.8             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1983. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type II Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 0.9025             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1983. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type II Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2 (Pure Hydrogen Gas Emissions). Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 0.08             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1918. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type I Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as HCl. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 0.04             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1918. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type I Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular case is given as H2S gas. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 0.49             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1918. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type I Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2 (Pure Hydrogen Gas Emissions). Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
Ocean Island Basalts 1 H 37.09             Compositional analyses of Ocean Island Basalt obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Kiluaea Volcano 1918. Based on the geology of this region the volatile (Type I Gas) levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2O. Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 1 H 2.68           wt%ox Super composite DSDP/ODP Site 417/418. Staudigel et al. 1995
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 1 H 2.68           wt%ox This analysis represents a super-composite for DSDP Sites 417 and 418 combined. The recipe for this composite can be found in Appendix 1. Staudigel et al. 1996
Oldoinyo Lengai Carbonatite 1 H 75.6             Compositional analyses of Carbonatite obtained by direct sampling of hot gas vents at Oldoinyo Lengai Volcano 1999. Based on the geology of this region the volatile levels are consistent with those of any subducted continental margin.  Hydrogen in this particular value is given as H2O. Oppenheimer 2004 Oppenheimer et al. 2002
Orgueil Chondrite 1 H 2.02         2 wt% Orgueil meteorite measurements. Anders & Grevesse 1989
Orgueil Chondrite 1 H 2.02         2   Solar system abundances of major and minor elements as based on studies from the Orgueil Meteorite. Abundances in the Orgueil meteorite are adequately close to the C1 chondrite mean except for REE, in which case other studies will yield more preferable results Anders & Ebihara 1982 Boato 1954
Oversaturated Acid Rocks 1 H       6 7   wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in Dacites and Rhyolites. The values reported are typically of the melt phase (dissolved). This value is for Mount Pinatubo dissolved volatiles from 1991. Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Oversaturated Acid Rocks 1 H 4.6           wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in Dacites and Rhyolites. The values reported are typically of the melt phase (dissolved). This value is for Mount St. Helens dissolved volatiles in 1980. Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Oversaturated Acid Rocks 1 H       3 7   wt% Averages of typical pre-eruptive volatile abundances in Dacites and Rhyolites. The values reported are typically of the melt phase (dissolved). Oppenheimer 2004 Johnson et al. 1993
Wallace & Anderson 2000
Pelagic Clay 1 H 10         56 wt%ox Average of 56 sediments of Cretaceous age representing a diverse lithology including brown, gray, nanno, radiolarian and streaky clays. This section also includes turbidites and is very similar in composition as Site 765 in the East Sunda trench. This average is therefore based on both Site 261 and 765 data. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 1 H 10.39         6 wt%ox Average of 6 analyses weighted by depth interval. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 1 H 6.25         55 wt%ox ODP Site through the toe of the accretionary prism into the basement. Only 350 m of sediments underneath the decollement are considered and used in a simple mean for this homogeneous sedimentary section that was sampled 55 times for every 3-13 m of section. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 1 H 6.49         8 wt%ox Average of 8 sediments that are all younger than Campanian-Maastrichtian and are typically Fe-rich clays. The basal sediments may be of hydrothermal origin. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 1 H 10         56 wt%ox Average of 56 sediments of Cretaceous age representing a diverse lithology including brown, gray, nanno, radiolarian and streaky clays. This section also includes turbidites and is very similar in composition as Site 765 in the East Sunda trench. This average is therefore based on both Site 261 and 765 data. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 1 H 17.19         3 wt%ox Middle 30 m of a total section that is 335 m thick (Site 581) dominated by pelagic clay. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 1 H 9.63         6 wt%ox Average of 6 analyses weighted by depth interval. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelites 1 H 3.84         1341 wt%ox Average of 1238 subsamples and 103 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Pelites 1 H 2.66         69 wt%ox Average of 60 subsamples and 9 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Peridotites 1 H 4.22         103 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Peridotite consolidated from 41 references and 103 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 6.17, Crystallization index equal to 69.66.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Peru Trench 1 H 6.97           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 4 or low. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Philip Trench 1 H 6.54           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 4 or low. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phonolites 1 H 1.94         320 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Phonolite consolidated from 59 references and 320 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 82.94, Crystallization index equal to 7.23.Value from combination of H2O+ and H2O-. Le Maitre 1976
Phosphoria Formation 1 H 0.6         61 wt%ox Average phosphorite of Phosphoria formation.   Gulbrandsen 1966
Phosphoria Formation 1 H 2.2         61 wt%ox Average phosphorite of Phosphoria formation.  Gulbrandsen 1966
Post-Archean Terrrains 1 H 0.7           wt%ox Major and minor element composition of the Upper Continental Crust as given by Eade and Fahrig 1971. Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971
Precambrian Canadian Shield 1 H 0.92           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986
Primitive Mantle 1 H 0.012   0.0024       wt% Elemental composition of the Primitive Mantle of the Earth as given from this study and other various sources. These elemental values are compared to those of CI Chondrites given by Palme & Jones 2004 Treatise of Geochemistry. Comments given by the authors in reference to these values: Mass balance Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998
Pyroxenites 1 H 1.13         106 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Pyroxenite consolidated from 42 references and 106 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 11.51, Crystallization index equal to 66.29.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Radiolarian Clay 1 H 9.7         8 wt%ox The bulk composition of the radiolarian clay was calculated by first estimating the composition of the average clay in the region and then diluting it by 15% biogenic SiO2. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay 1 H 10.55         11 wt%ox This section contains 17% biogenic opal but the analyses were not diluted based on there SiO2 content. Since the average Rb concentratio is equal to the simple average in 11 analyses, simple averaging is applied here. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay 1 H 9.35         2 wt%ox The bulk composition of the radiolarian clay was calculated by first estimating the composition of the average clay in the region and then diluting it by 30% biogenic SiO2. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay 1 H 9.7         8 wt%ox The bulk composition of the radiolarian clay was calculated by first estimating the composition of the average clay in the region and then diluting it by 15% biogenic SiO2. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites 1 H 4.44         17 wt%ox Average of 17 combined analyses weighted by interval height. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites 1 H 6.79         4 wt%ox Average of 4 radiolarite analyses that have been corrected using dilution factors based on the down-core logging for SiO2 contents. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 1 H 1.96         20 wt%ox Average phosphorite of Retort Phosphatic Shale Member of Phosphoria formation. Gulbrandsen 1966
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 1 H 0.51         20 wt%ox Average phosphorite of Retort Phosphatic Shale Member of Phosphoria formation. Gulbrandsen 1966
Rhyodacites 1 H 1.51         63 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Rhyodacite consolidated from 40 references and 63 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 71.44, Crystallization index equal to 18.67.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Rhyolites 1 H 1.41         554 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Rhyolite consolidated from 116 references and 554 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 88.37, Crystallization index equal to 5.45.Combination of values from H2O+ and H2O-. Le Maitre 1976
Ryuku Trench 1 H 9.84           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 4 or low. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Seawater 1 H 54000000             H (as H20). Broeker & Peng 1982
Sediments 1 H 3.1           wt%ox Sedimentary Rock proportions according to fig. 2: 44.0% Shales, Siltstones; 20.9% Sandstones, Greywackes; 20.3% Mafic etc. Volcanics; 14.6% Carbonates (0.8% Evaporites). Wedepohl 1995 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969
Shergotty Meteorite 1 H 280   120       ppm Mars elemental abundances as given by Shergotty meteorite (basalitc shergottite) as given in Lodders 1988. Mars elemental abundances as given by Shergotty meteorite, which is a basalitc shergottite, as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Silicate Earth 1 H 100           ppm Composition of the Silicate Earth as given by elemental abundances in ppm (and wt%). McDonough 2004
Silicate Earth 1 H 100           µg/g Compostioinal models for the bulk Earth, core and silicate Earth are modified after McDonough & Sun (1995). McDonough 1998
Silicified Limestone 1 H 8.15           wt%ox Mixed siliceous and carbonate lithologies including nannofossil and radiolarian oozes, chalk and chert. The average of the Hein et al. (1983) partly silicified chalk has been used after dilution with 50% total CaCO3. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Silty Mud 1 H 10         16 wt%ox The hemi-pelagic clay analyses where averaged over 10 m intervals and then averaged down-unit. Assumed 10% LOI. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Solar Corona 1 H 11.88   0.3         Based on solar spectroscopy. Normalized to Log A(Si) = 7.55 based on the photospheric scale. Anders & Grevesse 1989 Meyer 1985
Solar Photosphere 1 H 12             Elemental solar photospheric abundances as given by various references. Abundances are not derived from the photosphere. Outer layers of sun are 10% lower in He. Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998
Solar Photosphere 1 H 12             Abundances in Solar Photosphere; in original table: log N(H) = 12.00 Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar System 1 H 28840             Solar system abundances of major rock forming elements relative to silicon and taken from Palme & Jones Chapter 1.03 of the Treatise of Geochemistry 2004. Clayton 2004 Palme & Jones 2004
Solar System 1 H 26600000000             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982
Solar System 1 H 27200000000   1360000000         Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solar System 1 H 27900000000             Solar atomic abundances. Values are not normalised to 100% but they are relative to 10E6 Silica atoms. Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar Wind 1 H 11.53   0.08         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Bochsler 1987
Solid Earth 1 H 0.03           wt% Major element composition model for Bulk Earth assuming Silicon is the light element in the Core. All values given are in wt.%. McDonough 2004
Solid Earth 1 H 0.03           wt% Major element composition model for Bulk Earth assuming Oxygen is the light element in the Core. All values given in wt%. McDonough 2004
Solid Earth 1 H 0.03           wt% Major element composition of the Bulk Earth. McDonough 2004
Solid Earth 1 H 260           ppm Composition of the Silicate Earth as given by elemental abundances in ppm (and wt%). McDonough 2004
Solid Earth 1 H 260           µg/g Compostioinal models for the bulk Earth, core and silicate Earth are modified after McDonough & Sun (1995). McDonough 1998
South Antilles Trench 1 H 9.26           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 3 or low. Plank & Langmuir 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 1 H 1.7           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 1 H 1.78           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 1 H 1.8           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 1 H 1.88           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 1 H 1.73           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Average composition of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 1 H 2.61           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the South Qinling orogenic belt. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 1 H 2.45           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the South Qinling orogenic belt. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 1 H 2.53           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the South Qinling orogenic belt. Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 1 H 2.27           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the Southern Qinling orogenic belt. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
South Sandwich Trench 1 H 7.13           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Subducted Sediment 1 H 7.29   0.41       wt%ox Global subducting sediment (GLOSS) composition estimate based on DSDP and ODP drill cores for 70% of the worldwide trenches. The average is calculated as a mass-flux-weighted global mean taking into account convergence rates, trench lengths and sediment columns. Includes sediment columns from seafloor that is not currently subducting. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sumatra Trench 1 H 7.22           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 3 or moderate. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Syenites 1 H 1.22         436 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Syenite consolidated from 102 references and 436 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 74.46, Crystallization index equal to 13.04.Calculated from combining values of H2O+ and H2O-. Le Maitre 1976
Tephrites 1 H 1.25         84 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Tephrite consolidated from 23 references and 84 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 47.52, Crystallization index equal to 35.77.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Tholeiites 1 H 1.41         190 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Tholeiite consolidated from 31 references and 190 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 24.97, Crystallization index equal to 49.33.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Tinguaites 1 H 2.33         83 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Tinguaite consolidated from 24 references and 83 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 79.89, Crystallization index equal to 5.79. Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Tonalites 1 H 0.7           wt%ox Total average of group averages from USA, Canada, Sri Lanka, Greenland, Finland, UK, Portugal, with equal statistical weight. Wedepohl 1995 Wedepohl 1991
Arth et al. 1978
Ermanovics et al. 1979
Tarney et al. 1979
Schermerhorn 1987
Paradis et al. 1988
Pohl & Emmermann 1991
Tepper et al. 1993
Tonalites 1 H 1.24         83 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Tonalite consolidated from 32 references and 83 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 59.53, Crystallization index equal to 29.19.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 1 H 1.28         641 wt%ox Average of 596 subsamples and 45 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 1 H 1.37         553 wt%ox Average of 502 subsamples and 51 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Tonga Trench 1 H 8.38           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Trachyandesites 1 H 1.83         223 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Trachyandesite consolidated from 51 references and 223 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 63.59, Crystallization index equal to 23.31.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Trachybasalts 1 H 1.47         155 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Trachybasalt consolidated from 48 references and 155 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 46.69, Crystallization index equal to 35.39.Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Trachytes 1 H 1.62         483 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Trachyte consolidated from 100 references and 483 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 80.67, Crystallization index equal to 9.80.Value calculated by the combination of values from H2O+ and H2O-. Le Maitre 1976
Turbidites 1 H 4.91         4 wt%ox Similar lithologies as for Site 183 but with a greater thickness of the turbidites. Combined 300 m of Site 183 sediments with 480 m of turbidites in Site 178 and two shallow piston cores. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Turbidites 1 H 7.07         4 wt%ox Average of 4 Quaternary turbidites from the Ganges cone after McLennan et al. (1990) assuming that equal proportions of fine (clay-silt) and coarse (silt-sand) units. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust 1 H 2.68           wt%ox Average composition of the Upper Crust as derived from composites taken from ODP sites 417/418. Values are taken from varying sources on the same composites in order to compare and contrast with 735B gabbroic composition which should closeley resemble each other. Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995
Smith et al. 1995
Hart & Staudigel 1989
Staudigel et al. 1989
Upper Continental Crust 1 H 1           wt%ox Standard profile (in percentages of Major Rock Species) of the continental crust as shown in abundances according to Figure 2 of Wedepohl 1991. Wedepohl 1995
Vanuatu Trench 1 H 4.96           wt%ox Bulk composition estimate of sediments approaching the trench based on DSDP and ODP drill sites. Confidence level = 1 or highest. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Venus Atmosphere 1 H 3   2       ppm Abundance of various elements, isotopes and compounds to give a representative chemical composition model of the atmosphere found on Venus. Hydrogen give as the abundance of H2S. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
Venus Atmosphere 1 H 1.3   0.2       ppm Abundance of various elements, isotopes and compounds to give a representative chemical composition model of the atmosphere found on Venus. Hydrogen in this instance is represented by HDO (Heavy Water) in the atmosphere. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
Venus Atmosphere 1 H 0.6   0.12       ppm Abundance of various elements, isotopes and compounds to give a representative chemical composition model of the atmosphere found on Venus. Hydrogen is given as the abundance of HCl in the atmosphere. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
Venus Atmosphere 1 H 0.5           ppm Abundance of various elements, isotopes and compounds to give a representative chemical composition model of the atmosphere found on Venus. Hydrogen is given as the abundance of HCl in the atmosphere. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
Venus Atmosphere 1 H 4.5           ppb Abundance of various elements, isotopes and compounds to give a representative chemical composition model of the atmosphere found on Venus. Hydrogen in this instance is given as the concentration of HF in the atmosphere. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
Venus Atmosphere 1 H 30   15       ppm Abundance of various elements, isotopes and compounds to give a representative chemical composition model of the atmosphere found on Venus. Hydrogen given as the abundance of water H2O. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
Venus Atmosphere 1 H 5     2.5 10   ppb Abundance of various elements, isotopes and compounds to give a representative chemical composition model of the atmosphere found on Venus. Hydrogen in this instance is given as the concentration of HF in the atmosphere. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
Volcanoclastic Sediment 1 H 4.97         15 wt%ox Average of 15 volcaniclastic sediments using DCP analyses as weighted by the height of each drilled interval. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites 1 H 10.94         43 wt%ox Average of 43 combined analyses weighted by interval height. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites 1 H 5.91         13 wt%ox Average of 13 volcaniclastic turbidites corrected for pure silica using down-core logging for SiO2 contents, in a similar fashion as for the chert sections. Plank & Langmuir 1998
Websterites 1 H 0.21         199 wt%ox Average major oxide concentration values for Websterite consolidated from 10 references and 199 analyses. Differentiation index equal to 9.51, Crystallization index equal to 60.27. Combination of H2O+ and H2O- values. Le Maitre 1976
Yangtze Craton 1 H 1.98           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 1 H 2.26           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 1 H 2.02           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Average composition of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 1 H 2.43           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 1 H 2.26           wt%ox Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Zeolite Clay 1 H 16.99         3 wt%ox This unit contains a mixture of 50% zeolite clay, 20% Mn-bearing clay and 30% normal clay based on barrel sheet descriptions. The three analyses are weighted accordingly. Plank & Langmuir 1998
21¿N EPR Hydrothermal Vents   dD 2.5             Chemical and isotopic compositions of Seawater as based on calculated hydrothermal fluids from the East Pacific Rise Hot Springs. Elemental concentrations given in mmol/kg at 350¿C. Temperature at this depth is taken according to adiabatic cooling and using silica concentrations in the fluids as a geobarometer. Bowers & Taylor 1985
41¿N Gorda Ridge   dD 0.6   0.5     4   Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope values of ambient bottom waters from the Escanaba Trough 41¿N, Gorda Ridge.  Shanks III et al. 1995
9¿N EPR   dD 0.9   0.6     12   Shanks III et al. 1995
Atmosphere   1H 1             Isotopic compositions of Earth Atmosphere as given in relative abundances of noble-gas and major volatiles. Porcelli & Turekian 2014 Ozima & Podosek 2001
Porcelli et al. 2002
Atmosphere   2H 0.0002             Isotopic compositions of Earth Atmosphere as given in relative abundances of noble-gas and major volatiles. Porcelli & Turekian 2014 Ozima & Podosek 2001
Porcelli et al. 2002
Atmosphere   3H 3.5             Global inventory of 3H isotope in the Earth's atmosphere as measured in either grams, kilograms or tons. Turekian & Graustein 2004 Lal & Peters 1967
Axial Seamount   dD 0.7   0.7     6   Shanks III et al. 1995
Endeavour Segment   dD 0.4   0.7     5   Shanks III et al. 1995
Halley Comet Tail   H/Mg 31             Relative atomic abundances of gas and dust from Comet Halley as given in elemental ratios from Grun & Jessberger 1990. Brownlee 2004 Grun & Jessberger 1990
Halley Comet Tail   H/Mg 39             Relative atomic abundances of gas and dust from Comet Halley as given in elemental ratios from Geiss 1988. Brownlee 2004 Geiss 1988
Halley Comet Tail   H/Mg 25200             Relative atomic abundances of gas and dust in the solar system as given in elemental ratios from Heubner 2002. Brownlee 2004 Huebner 2002
Juan de Fuca Megaplume   dD 0.1   0.6     5   Shanks III et al. 1995
Mars Atmosphere   2H/H 450             Elemental and Isotopic composition of the Martian atmosphere as modeled by Bogard et al. 2001. Isotopic values are given as ratios where elements are given in respect to gas compounds such as CO2, N2, etc. Measurement made from ground based spectra for D/H. McSween, Jr. 2004 Bogard et al. 2001
Mid-Atlantic Ridge   dD 2.6   0.6     2   Shanks III et al. 1995
Seawater   dD 0             Chemical and isotopic compositions of Seawater as based on calculated hydrothermal fluids. Seawater has a high pH and is generally supersaturated with respect to dissolved oxygen as well as dolomite and quartz at 2¿C. These elements do not precipitate from seawater at this temperature most likely due to kinetic inhibitions. Elemental concentrations given in mmol/kg at 2¿C.  Bowers & Taylor 1985
SNC Meteorites   2H/H 440             Isotopic ratio of the Martian Atmosphere as studied by Bogard et al. 2001 using SNC (Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny Meteorite) glasses. Isotopic values are given as ratios with % terrestrial or % solar values depending on the isotope itself. Measured in Zagami apatite; D/H ratios for impact glass have not been reported. McSween, Jr. 2004 Bogard et al. 2001
South Juan de Fuca Ridge   dD 0.6   0.5     3   Shanks III et al. 1995
Venus Atmosphere   2H/H 0.016   0.002         Deuterium to Hydrogen ratio for Venus' atmosphere as obtained by Pioneer Venus Mass Specrometry. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
Venus Atmosphere   2H/H 0.019   0.006         Deuterium to Hydrogen ratio for Venus' atmosphere as obtained by Pioneer Venus Mass Specrometry.Deuterium to Hydrogen ratio for Venus' atmosphere as obtained by IR spectroscopy. Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998
Wieler 2002
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