GERM Reservoir Database
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	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Seawater 13 Al 2e-05             Bowers & Taylor 1985 Continental Rift Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0028 0.0018 0.003     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0037 0.0041 0.0024     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Arc Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0041 0.0039 0.001     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0043 0.0042 0.0044     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Ocean Arc Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0056 0 0.0071     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Island Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0063 0.0064 0.0019     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Ocean Arc Xenoliths   Al/Si 0.02 0.02 0.01     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths   Al/Si 0.03 0.02 0.02     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Island Xenoliths   Al/Si 0.03 0.03 0.02     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Seawater 13 Al 0.03             Broeker & Peng 1982 Terrigenous Sediments   TiO2/Al2O3 0.037   0.004     58   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay   TiO2/Al2O3 0.039   0.014     9   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Sediments   TiO2/Al2O3 0.046   0.009     32   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ben Othman et al. 1989 CI Chondrites   Si/Al 0.047             Grossman & Wasson 1985 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1984 Clastic Turbidites   TiO2/Al2O3 0.05   0.004     36   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Subducted Sediment   TiO2/Al2O3 0.0503   0.0028     346   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Sediments   TiO2/Al2O3 0.052   0.007     13   Plank & Langmuir 1998 McLennan et al. 1990 Carbonate Turbidites   TiO2/Al2O3 0.053   0.01     87   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Red Clay   TiO2/Al2O3 0.053   0.014     33   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths   Al/Si 0.06 0.06 0.03     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Mantle Xenoliths   Al/Si 0.06             Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Radiolarites   TiO2/Al2O3 0.061   0.026     23   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay   TiO2/Al2O3 0.0613   0.011     55   Plank & Langmuir 1998 L Ordinary Chondrites 13 Al 0.067             Bradley 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles 13 Al 0.07             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Continental Arc Xenoliths   Al/Si 0.07 0.07 0.02     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths   Al/Si 0.07 0.08 0.03     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles 13 Al 0.075             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Enstatite Chondrites   Al/Mg 0.075   0.003         McDonough & Sun 1995 Interplanetary Dust Particles 13 Al 0.075             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Ordinary Chondrites   Al/Mg 0.081   0.002         McDonough & Sun 1995 Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles 13 Al 0.082             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 CI Chondrites 13 Al 0.083             Bradley 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CM Chondrites 13 Al 0.088             Bradley 2004 Jarosewich 1990 CI Chondrites   Al/Mg 0.0891             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 13 Al 0.094             Bradley 2004 McSween & Richardson 1977 Primitive Mantle   Al/Si 0.1             Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle   Al/Si 0.1             Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Al/Mg 0.105   0.01         McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle   Al/Si 0.11             Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle   Al/Si 0.12             Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 CM Chondrites 13 Al 0.121             Bradley 2004 McSween & Richardson 1977 CI Chondrites   Al/Sc 0.145             McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Al/Sc 0.145   0.007         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Al/Sc 0.145   0.005         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Al/Sc 0.15   0.009         McDonough & Sun 1995 Goalpara Ureilite 13 Al 0.21   0.06       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Continental Arc Xenoliths   Cr/Al 0.214 0.179 0.11     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths   Cr/Al 0.216 0.182 0.19     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Early Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.22             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.23             Condie 1993 Kenna Ureilite 13 Al 0.23   0.01       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Late Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.23             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.23             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.23             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.23             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.23             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Al2O3/SiO2 0.23             Condie 1993 Continental Rift Xenoliths   Cr/Al 0.246 0.159 0.183     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene   CaO/Al2O3 0.34             Workman & Hart 2005 Novo-Urei Ureilite 13 Al 0.35   0.06       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Chondrule Silicates   Si/Al 0.4             Grossman & Wasson 1985 Chassigny Meteorite 13 Al 0.42   0.15         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Pallasite Olivine   Si/Al 0.48             Grossman & Wasson 1985 Scott 1977 Oceanic Island Xenoliths   Cr/Al 0.494 0.433 0.379     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Inner Blake Plateau Phosphorites 13 Al 0.51           wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Oceans Deep water 13 Al 0.6           µg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Hydes 1979 Terrigenous Sediments   Nb/Al2O3 0.602   0.12     31   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ocean Arc Xenoliths   Cr/Al 0.627 0.66 0.677     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths   Cr/Al 0.636 0.456 0.858     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Chassigny Achondrite 13 Al 0.64   0.02       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Carbonate 13 Al 0.66         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 13 Al 0.68   0.05         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 0.72           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 N-MORB   CaO/Al2O3 0.75             Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 Carbonate Turbidites   Nb/Al2O3 0.79   0.2     46   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 13 Al 0.79   0.86     162 wt%ox Mirota & Veizer 1994 Low Si-Mg Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.79             Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.79             Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Pelagic Clay   Nb/Al2O3 0.795   0.1     9   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Depleted D-MORB basalts   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Workman & Hart 2005 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Pyrolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 13 Al 0.82           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 Periodotite Massifs   CaO/Al2O3 0.82             Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.82             Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 13 Al 0.84 0.71 0.43     21   Pearson et al. 2004 CI Chondrites 13 Al 0.86           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 13 Al 0.86           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 ALHA 81101 Urelite 13 Al 0.87             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 Cratonic Xenoliths   Ca/Al 0.88 0.82 0.66     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Xenolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.88             Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Nakhla Meteorite 13 Al 0.89   0.11         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Subducted Sediment   Nb/Al2O3 0.898   0.06     130   Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 84025 Brachinite 13 Al 0.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 0.91           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.91             Walter 2004 Pelagic Clay   Nb/Al2O3 0.93   0.19     25   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Sediments   Nb/Al2O3 0.94   0.32     8   Plank & Langmuir 1998 McLennan et al. 1990 Pyrolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.94             Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Cratonic Xenoliths 13 Al 0.99 0.82 0.72     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Core 13 Al 0           wt% McDonough 2004 Core 13 Al 0           wt% McDonough 1998 Oceans Surface water 13 Al 1           µg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Hydes 1979 Seawater 13 Al 1           ppb Li 1982 Hydes 1979 Seawater 13 Al 1           µg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Hydes 1979 Red Clay   Nb/Al2O3 1.01         1   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Antilles Trench   Nb/Al2O3 1.05         3   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Stolz et al. 1996 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.07   0.06         McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle   Ca/Al 1.07   0.001         Allegre et al. 1995 Radiolarites   Nb/Al2O3 1.07   0.29     7   Plank & Langmuir 1998 CI Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.076             McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.08   0.04         McDonough & Sun 1995 Atmosphere   26Al 1.1             Turekian & Graustein 2004 Lal & Peters 1967 EET 84302 Acapulcoite 13 Al 1.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.1   0.08         McDonough & Sun 1995 Havero Urelite 13 Al 1.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 13 Al 1.1         8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 1.13           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 CI Chondrites 13 Al 1.18           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Eucrites 13 Al 1.2           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 H Ordinary Chondrites 13 Al 1.2           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Mason 1965 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 13 Al 1.22 1.07 0.74     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 13 Al 1.23         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Arc Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.25 1.24 0.25     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.28 1.17 0.49     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Spinel Peridotites   Ca/Al 1.28 1.35 1.6     374   McDonough 1990 ALHA 77257 Urelite 13 Al 1.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 South African Garnet Peridotites 13 Al 1.31           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Boyd & Mertzman 1987 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 1.35           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 1.36           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Oceanic Island Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.36 1.1 0.92     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Garnet Peridotites 13 Al 1.4           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Garnet Peridotites 13 Al 1.43           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Jordan 1979 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.46 1.19 0.93     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Colombia Trench 13 Al 1.49           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Solid Earth 13 Al 1.507           wt% Allegre et al. 1995 CI Chondrites 13 Al 1.514           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 ALH 77005 Meteorite 13 Al 1.52   0.15         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Solid Earth 13 Al 1.59           wt% McDonough 1998 Solid Earth 13 Al 1.59           wt% McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 13 Al 1.59           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth 13 Al 1.59           wt% McDonough 2004 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 13 Al 1.66         20 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 13 Al 1.7         61 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 13 Al 1.75         41 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Ocean Arc Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.75 1.55 1.32     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Silicified Limestone 13 Al 1.75           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 13 Al 1.76         2038 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Earth 13 Al 1.8           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Dunites 13 Al 1.82         78 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Radiolarites 13 Al 1.89           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Silicate Earth 13 Al 1.93           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Spinel Peridotites 13 Al 1.96           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 IAB Udei Station 13 Al 10             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Mars Rocks 13 Al 10.03   0.7021       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Pelagic Clay 13 Al 10.03         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 13 Al 10.03         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 13 Al 10.05         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Philip Trench 13 Al 10.08           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonga Trench 13 Al 10.21           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mars Rocks 13 Al 10.24   0.7168       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 13 Al 10.41         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Primitive Mantle   Mg/Al 10.52   0.1         Allegre et al. 1995 Arenaceous Rocks 13 Al 10.55         2754 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mars Rocks 13 Al 10.94   0.7658       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Parana River Particulates 13 Al 106000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mars Rocks 13 Al 11   0.77       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 13 Al 11.02   0.7714       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Nano Ooze 13 Al 11.16         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 13 Al 11.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 13 Al 11.6         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Diatome Ooze 13 Al 11.64         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al 11.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Taylor & McLennan 1985 McDonough & Sun 1995 Diatome Mud 13 Al 11.82         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interior North China Craton 13 Al 11.85           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Australian Granite 13 Al 11.91         6 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Subducted Sediment 13 Al 11.91   0.94       wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mekong River Particulates 13 Al 112000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Orinoco River Particulates 13 Al 113000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amazon River Particulates 13 Al 115000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Congo River Particulates 13 Al 117000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garonne River Particulates 13 Al 118000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 13 Al 12             Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Central East China Craton 13 Al 12.12           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 13 Al 12.12           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Diatome Clay 13 Al 12.16         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts 13 Al 12.2         10 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Lunar Breccias 13 Al 12.35         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Basalts 13 Al 12.4         23 wt% Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Australian Granite 13 Al 12.43           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Lunar Breccias 13 Al 12.48         2 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 South Margin of North China Craton 13 Al 12.49           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 12.53           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Basalts 13 Al 12.6         27 wt% Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Nepheline Leucite Basalts 13 Al 12.64         70 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Makran Trench 13 Al 12.7           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Leucitic Basalt 13 Al 12.74           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Volkov et al. 1986 North Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 12.84           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granites 13 Al 12.87         402 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Basalts 13 Al 12.9         4 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 13 Al 12.9         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Arenaceous Rocks 13 Al 12.93         121 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 13 Al 12.94           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Java Trench 13 Al 12.97           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interior North China Craton 13 Al 13.06           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 13 Al 13.08           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al 13.1           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Winonaite Pontlyfni 13 Al 13.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Mafic Granulites 13 Al 13.13         128 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mexico Trench 13 Al 13.13           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 13 Al 13.16           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Basalts 13 Al 13.2         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Felsic Volcanics 13 Al 13.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Boninites 13 Al 13.22         348 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Felsic Volcanics 13 Al 13.25         972 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 13.25           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 13.25           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Rhyolites 13 Al 13.27         554 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 South Margin of North China Craton 13 Al 13.28           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Basalts 13 Al 13.3         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Radiolarian Clay 13 Al 13.35         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 13 Al 13.39           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Basalts 13 Al 13.4         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Basalts 13 Al 13.4         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Felsic Volcanics 13 Al 13.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 13 Al 13.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 13 Al 13.4         18 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Vanuatu Trench 13 Al 13.4           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Watson IIE Iron 13 Al 13.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Central East China Craton 13 Al 13.41           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 13.47           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 13 Al 13.48           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Andaman Trench 13 Al 13.49           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Granites 13 Al 13.5           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Whalen et al. 1987 Granites 13 Al 13.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Greywackes 13 Al 13.5           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al 13.5           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 MORB Basaltic Glass 13 Al 13.51           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 East China Craton 13 Al 13.56           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Kerm Trench 13 Al 13.57           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 13 Al 13.58           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 13 Al 13.63           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 13 Al 13.63           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 13 Al 13.64           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 13 Al 13.65           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Volcanoclastic Sediment 13 Al 13.66         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 New Hebrides Islands 13 Al 13.67         65 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Sediments 13 Al 13.7           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Sumatra Trench 13 Al 13.7           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Yangtze Craton 13 Al 13.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 13.73           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Amphibolites 13 Al 13.77         189 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 13 Al 13.78           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 13 Al 13.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 13 Al 13.8         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Turbidites 13 Al 13.81         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lunar Soil 13 Al 13.84         1 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Aleutian Trench 13 Al 13.86           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 13 Al 13.89           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 13 Al 13.9           wt%ox Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 13.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Interior North China Craton 13 Al 13.96           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 13.99           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 13 Al 13.99           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Australian Granite 13 Al 14         704 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Basalts 13 Al 14         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 13 Al 14 14.2       224 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 13 Al 14           wt%ox Condie 1993 IAB Landes 13 Al 14             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 13 Al 14         36 wt% Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Central East China Craton 13 Al 14.01           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 13 Al 14.02           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Pelagic Clay 13 Al 14.04         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 East China Craton 13 Al 14.06           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 14.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Continental Crust 13 Al 14.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 13 Al 14.1         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Oceanic Island Xenoliths   Fe/Al 14.13 10.94 9.5     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Granites 13 Al 14.15         1226 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 14.17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 13 Al 14.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Luzon Basalt 13 Al 14.2         24 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Australian Granite 13 Al 14.21         1074 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Alaska Trench 13 Al 14.22           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 MORB Basaltic Glass 13 Al 14.28           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Basalts 13 Al 14.3         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Felsic Volcanics 13 Al 14.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 IAB Campo del Cielo 13 Al 14.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al 14.3           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Granites 13 Al 14.32         2236 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Nephelinites 13 Al 14.33         159 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basic Precambrian Granulites 13 Al 14.39         25 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Felsic Archean Granulites 13 Al 14.4 14.4       379 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al 14.4           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Fegley & Cameron 1987 Metalliferous Clay 13 Al 14.44         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 14.47           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Lesser Antilles Basalt 13 Al 14.48         84 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Archean Terrains 13 Al 14.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Shaw et al. 1967 Basalts 13 Al 14.5         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 13 Al 14.5         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Mafic Archean Granulites 13 Al 14.5 14.8       100 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Turbidites 13 Al 14.52         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ademellites 13 Al 14.55         113 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Early Archean Upper Crust 13 Al 14.57           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granulites 13 Al 14.58 14.8       659 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Central American Basalts 13 Al 14.6         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Granites 13 Al 14.63         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites 13 Al 14.63           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Precambrian Canadian Shield 13 Al 14.63           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Early Archean Upper Crust 13 Al 14.65           wt%ox Condie 1993 MORB Basaltic Glass 13 Al 14.65           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 13 Al 14.65         23 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 North Qinling Belt in China 13 Al 14.69           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Peninsular Range Batholith 13 Al 14.69           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Basanites 13 Al 14.7         138 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 14.7           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Australian Granite 13 Al 14.74         13 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Inger & Harris 1993 Pelagic Clay 13 Al 14.74         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kamchatka Basalt 13 Al 14.76         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Mavic Volcanics 13 Al 14.76         632 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tholeiites 13 Al 14.79         190 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Continental Crust 13 Al 14.8           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Granites 13 Al 14.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 14.83           wt%ox Condie 1993 N-MORB 13 Al 14.83           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Late Archean Upper Crust 13 Al 14.84           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 14.84           wt%ox Condie 1993 Central East China Craton 13 Al 14.85           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Late Archean Upper Crust 13 Al 14.87           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 14.87           wt%ox Condie 1993 Archean Terrains 13 Al 14.9           wt%ox Condie 1991 Continental Crust 13 Al 14.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 14.9           wt%ox Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 14.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 13 Al 14.9         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Felsic Granulites 13 Al 14.91         137 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Precambrian Granulites 13 Al 14.92         88 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 13 Al 14.93         553 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 14.95           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 13 Al 14.96   0.64     51 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 14.96           wt%ox Condie 1993 Trachytes 13 Al 14.96         483 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 14.96           wt%ox Condie 1993 Pelagic Clay 13 Al 14.98         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite 13 Al 14.99         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Paleozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 14.99           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 13 Al 15           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 13 Al 15           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 15           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 15   1       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Nankai Trench 13 Al 15           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 13 Al 15         55 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Post-Archean Terrrains 13 Al 15           wt%ox Condie 1991 Solid Mars 13 Al 15   1.5       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 15.01           wt%ox Condie 1993 Diabases 13 Al 15.02         370 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Igneous Rocks 13 Al 15.02         22775 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 15.04           wt%ox Condie 1993 Rhyodacites 13 Al 15.04         63 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Ryuku Trench 13 Al 15.04           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.05           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.05           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Metamorphic Rocks 13 Al 15.1           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Poldervaart 1955 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 13 Al 15.1         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 13 Al 15.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granulites 13 Al 15.14 14.9       593 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 MORB Basaltic Glass 13 Al 15.15           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Paleozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 15.15           wt%ox Condie 1993 Island Arc Andesite 13 Al 15.16         32 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Ashy Clay 13 Al 15.19         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 13 Al 15.19   0.057     28 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.2           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Vinogradov 1962 Graywackes 13 Al 15.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 13 Al 15.2           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Solid Mars 13 Al 15.2   1.5       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 13 Al 15.21           wt%ox Condie 1993 Central East China Craton 13 Al 15.22           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 E-MORB 13 Al 15.23           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 13 Al 15.255   1.2204     26 wt%ox Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 N-MORB 13 Al 15.255           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 Dolerites 13 Al 15.26         687 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mafic Intrusions 13 Al 15.26         308 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.27           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Lujavrites 13 Al 15.28         76 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Andesites 13 Al 15.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 13 Al 15.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 13 Al 15.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 13 Al 15.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Silty Mud 13 Al 15.34         16 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cascadia Trench 13 Al 15.37           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Clastic Turbidites 13 Al 15.37         28 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Archean Terrains 13 Al 15.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Pelagic Clay 13 Al 15.4           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Pelagic Clay 13 Al 15.4         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4   0.75       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 13 Al 15.43   0.59     58 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Gabbros 13 Al 15.48         1317 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 13 Al 15.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Gabbros 13 Al 15.5           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Graywackes 13 Al 15.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 13 Al 15.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 13 Al 15.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 15.5           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 13 Al 15.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 13 Al 15.53           wt%ox Staudigel et al. 1996 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.53           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.53           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Greater Antilles Basalt 13 Al 15.54         21 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 MORB Basaltic Glass 13 Al 15.55           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 13 Al 15.56         355 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 13 Al 15.56         641 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Granulites 13 Al 15.57         136 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Green Clay 13 Al 15.58         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tongan Basalts 13 Al 15.59         70 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 AII Fracture Zone Basalts 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Johnson & Dick 1992 Andesites 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Archean Canadian Shield 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Archean Lower Crust 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Basalts 13 Al 15.6         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 13 Al 15.6         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor 1964 Granulites 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 13 Al 15.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 13 Al 15.64         8 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Kermadec Basalts 13 Al 15.65         36 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Monzonites 13 Al 15.65         252 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Basalts 13 Al 15.7           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 13 Al 15.7           wt%ox Condie 1993 Continental Arc Andesite 13 Al 15.7         497 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Granodiorites 13 Al 15.7           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Paleozoic Orogens 13 Al 15.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Metafelsic Volcanics 13 Al 15.71         41 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Island Arc Andesite 13 Al 15.72         503 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Pelites 13 Al 15.72         69 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granodiorites 13 Al 15.73         723 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 13 Al 15.74         3156 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Hawaiites 13 Al 15.74         58 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 N-MORB 13 Al 15.79           wt% Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 Basalts 13 Al 15.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 13 Al 15.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 15.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 13 Al 15.8 15.9       95 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 13 Al 15.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Venera 13 Rocks 13 Al 15.8   3       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.84           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Radiolarian Clay 13 Al 15.85         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 13 Al 15.85         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Active Continental Rifts 13 Al 15.9           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Canadian Shield 13 Al 15.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Goodwin 1978 Basalts 13 Al 15.9         13 wt% Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.9           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Venus N-MORB 13 Al 15.9           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Wilson 1989 Dacites 13 Al 15.91         578 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Island Arcs 13 Al 15.94         323 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Continental Arc Andesite 13 Al 15.96         142 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 15.96           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 13 Al 15.97         203 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Niger River Particulates 13 Al 156000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Archean Amphibolites 13 Al 16           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Archean Canadian Shield 13 Al 16           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Continental Crust 13 Al 16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Post-Archean Terrrains 13 Al 16           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 16           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 16           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Vega 2 13 Al 16   1.8       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1986 Latites 13 Al 16.01         146 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 13 Al 16.07           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 ODP Site 735 13 Al 16.08 16.24       22 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 13 Al 16.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 13 Al 16.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 N-MORB 13 Al 16.11           wt% Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 Honshu Basalt 13 Al 16.14         137 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Pelites 13 Al 16.16         1341 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Fe/Al 16.2   2.4         McDonough & Sun 1995 Continental Arcs 13 Al 16.2           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Andesites 13 Al 16.21           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 16.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Norites 13 Al 16.28         188 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Andesites 13 Al 16.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 13 Al 16.3         12 wt% Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Continental Crust 13 Al 16.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 13 Al 16.3 16.3       106 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Tonalites 13 Al 16.3           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites 13 Al 16.3           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Wedepohl 1991 Arth et al. 1978 Ermanovics et al. 1979 Tarney et al. 1979 Schermerhorn 1987 Paradis et al. 1988 Pohl & Emmermann 1991 Tepper et al. 1993 N-MORB 13 Al 16.31           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 16.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Archean Canadian Shield 13 Al 16.34           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Cameron et al. 1979 Active Continental Rifts 13 Al 16.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Andesites 13 Al 16.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Paleozoic Orogens 13 Al 16.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Brown Clay 13 Al 16.47         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonalites 13 Al 16.48         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Continental Shields & Platforms 13 Al 16.5           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Granulitic Xenolites 13 Al 16.5 16.72       350 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 13 Al 16.5 16.7       269 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Aleutian Basalts 13 Al 16.51         66 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 13 Al 16.53   0.017     114 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 13 Al 16.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 13 Al 16.6         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 13 Al 16.6         44 wt% Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al 16.6           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Andesites 13 Al 16.61         47 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths   Fe/Al 16.62 11.6 18.18     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Diorite 13 Al 16.62         260 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Trachybasalts 13 Al 16.63         155 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 16.63           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Marianas Basalt 13 Al 16.64         168 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Syenites 13 Al 16.64         436 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Andes Basalt 13 Al 16.66         56 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 13 Al 16.66         26 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Diorites 13 Al 16.67         755 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Continental Crust 13 Al 16.7           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Goldschmidt 1933 Solar System 13 Al 16.7           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Trachyandesites 13 Al 16.7         223 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mugearites 13 Al 16.71         55 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 13 Al 16.72           wt% Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 N-MORB 13 Al 16.75           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 Andesites 13 Al 16.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Continental Arcs 13 Al 16.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 13 Al 16.8 16.6       132 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 13 Al 16.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Cascade Basalt 13 Al 16.83         60 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Zeolite Clay 13 Al 16.85         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 13 Al 16.9           wt%ox Condie 1993 Scotia Island Basalt 13 Al 16.97         41 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Archean Terrains 13 Al 17           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Rogers 1978 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Ordinary Chondrites   Fe/Al 17   1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Tephrites 13 Al 17         84 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Andesites 13 Al 17.02         2203 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Chondrules 13 Al 17.1           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Andean Andesites 13 Al 17.2           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Basalts 13 Al 17.4         5 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 North Antilles Trench 13 Al 17.45           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 13 Al 17.5 17.8       48 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Shales 13 Al 17.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Shales 13 Al 17.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 13 Al 17.6 17.6       78 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Radiolarian Clay 13 Al 17.63         11 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 13 Al 17.79         50 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Shales 13 Al 17.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Venera 14 Rocks 13 Al 17.9   2.6       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Ferruginous Clay 13 Al 17.99         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 13 Al 18           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Enstatite Chondrites   Al/Ti 18.5   3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Tinguaites 13 Al 18.65         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 13 Al 18.66   0.153     6 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 13 Al 18.92   0.352     7 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 18670           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 19           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 13 Al 19   0.03     95 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Phonolites 13 Al 19.04         320 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 13 Al 19.23         14 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 19.3           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 CI Chondrites   Al/Ti 19.5             McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Al/Ti 19.6   0.9         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Al/Ti 19.9   1.3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Seawater 13 Al 2             Orians & Bruland 1985 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 2.04           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Silicate Earth 13 Al 2.15           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Carbonates 13 Al 2.22         50 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Silicate Earth 13 Al 2.22           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Mantle Xenoliths 13 Al 2.27           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Orangeite 13 Al 2.27         114 wt% Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Spinel Peridotites 13 Al 2.27 2.2 1.1     375 wt%ox McDonough 1990 Chert 13 Al 2.28         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 13 Al 2.3         5 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 MAC 88177 Lodranite 13 Al 2.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 META 78008 Urelite 13 Al 2.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Harzburgites 13 Al 2.35         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mantle 13 Al 2.35           wt% McDonough 2004 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 2.35   0.235       wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 13 Al 2.35           wt% McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 13 Al 2.35           wt% McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 13 Al 2.35   0.235       wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 2.36           wt% McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Silicate Earth 13 Al 2.36           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 2.37           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Aubres Aubrite 13 Al 2.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 13 Al 2.41 2.26 1.31     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 2.46           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene   CaO/Al2O3 2.48             Workman & Hart 2005 Mars Mantle 13 Al 2.5           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Sanloup 1999 Hydrothermal Sediment 13 Al 2.59         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Arc Xenoliths 13 Al 2.62 2.94 0.92     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 2.62           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Kimberlite 13 Al 2.68         22 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Primitive Mantle   Fe/Al 2.683   0.01         Allegre et al. 1995 Kimberlite 13 Al 2.7         35 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Primitive Mantle   Fe/Al 2.7             McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth   Fe/Al 2.7             McDonough & Sun 1995 Mars Mantle 13 Al 2.9           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1997 Mars Mantle 13 Al 2.9           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke & Dreibus 1988 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 13 Al 2.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Continental Rift Xenoliths 13 Al 2.91 3.08 1.33     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Ocean Island Peridotite 13 Al 2.93           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Radiolarites 13 Al 2.99         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Seawater 13 Al 20     5 40     Bruland 1983 South Antilles Trench 13 Al 20.31           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 20.5           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Ocean Arc Xenoliths   Fe/Al 20.66 14.97 24.83     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Nepheline Syenites 13 Al 20.96         108 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 CI Chondrites   Fe/Al 21             McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Fe/Al 21   4         McDonough & Sun 1995 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 21.1           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 21.3           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 22             Condie 1993 Spinel Peridotites   Al/Ti 22 22 29     361   McDonough 1990 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 22.1           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Frankfort Howardites 13 Al 22.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 23             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 23             Condie 1993 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 23.25           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 23.42           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 23.62           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 23.86           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 23800   1904       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 24             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 24             Condie 1993 Ordinary Chondrites   Fe/Al 24   1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 24             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 25             Condie 1993 Anorthosites 13 Al 25.86         97 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 26             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 26             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 26             Condie 1993 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 13 Al 26.3           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 McSween 1977 Lunar Anothosites 13 Al 26.6           wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Wood et al. 1970 Upper Continental Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 27             Condie 1993 Manganese Nodules 13 Al 27000           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Upper Continental Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 28             Condie 1993 Melitite-rich Chondrules 13 Al 28.6     21.5 32.6 10 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 3.06           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Y-791491 Lodranite 13 Al 3.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 3.2           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Ringwood 1979 Shalka Diogenite 13 Al 3.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Izu-Bonin Trench 13 Al 3.26           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Allende Meteorite 13 Al 3.29           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 3.3           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites 13 Al 3.3           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites 13 Al 3.3           wt% Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Central America Trench 13 Al 3.31           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Gibson Lodranite 13 Al 3.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Venus Mantle 13 Al 3.4           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Kamchatka Trench 13 Al 3.42           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 13 Al 3.42   0.126     17 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Mantle 13 Al 3.49     3.2 4   wt% Walter 2004 Mantle 13 Al 3.49           wt% Walter 2004 Chert 13 Al 3.56           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Sandstones 13 Al 3.62           wt%ox Condie 1993 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 3.64           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Shergotty Meteorite 13 Al 3.64   0.27         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 3.65           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 13 Al 3.65           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 EET 83309 Urelite 13 Al 3.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b Mantle 13 Al 3.7           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 3.73           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Chert 13 Al 3.75         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 CO Chondrites 13 Al 3.8   0.9     6 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Kimberlite 13 Al 3.8         32 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Venus Mantle 13 Al 3.8           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 3.817           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 3.85           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Ocean Island Peridotite 13 Al 3.87           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Sandstones 13 Al 3.87           wt%ox Condie 1993 Periodotite Massifs 13 Al 3.9           wt% Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 3.96           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 3.97           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 3.97           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 13 Al 3.97           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Xenolites 13 Al 3.97           wt% Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Depleted D-MORB basalts 13 Al 3.98           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 13 Al 30.3     19.3 44 5 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Veramin Mesosiderite 13 Al 30.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Seawater 13 Al 300             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Late Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 31             Condie 1993 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 13 Al 31.3           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Type F Aggregates 13 Al 31.5           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Wark 1979 Early Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 32             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 33             Condie 1993 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 33.71           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Early Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 35             Condie 1993 Enstatite Chondrites   Fe/Al 35   3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Binda Eucrite 13 Al 36.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Mincy Mesosiderite 13 Al 39.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Ocean Island Peridotite 13 Al 39.76           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Low Si-Mg Mantle 13 Al 4.06           wt% Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.06           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.06           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.06           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.06           wt%ox Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.09           wt% Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.09           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.09           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.1           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Wanke et al. 1984 Venus Mantle 13 Al 4.1           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Lherzolites 13 Al 4.11         177 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 4.18           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Radiolarites 13 Al 4.18         17 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.2           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Peridotites 13 Al 4.23         103 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Depleted Mantle 13 Al 4.28   0.0856       wt%ox Salters & Stracke 2004 Sandstones 13 Al 4.28           wt%ox Condie 1993 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.31           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 CO Chondrites 13 Al 4.4   0.3     36 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.4           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.4           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 13 Al 4.4           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 4.44           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.44           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.44           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.45           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.45           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.45           wt%ox McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Pyrolites 13 Al 4.45           wt% Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 13 Al 4.45           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 13 Al 4.49           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.49           wt% Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.49   0.37       wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 DSDP/ODP Site 801 13 Al 4.59           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 CO Chondrites 13 Al 4.7   0.3     106 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.75           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 13 Al 4.8           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 13 Al 41.8     40.3 43.3 2 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 43.47           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Miles IIE Iron 13 Al 43.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Colorado River Particulates 13 Al 43000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Kapoeta Howardites 13 Al 44             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 44.79           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 47.61           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Angrite LEW 87051 13 Al 48.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Barea Mesosiderite 13 Al 48.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Angrite Angra Dos Reis 13 Al 49.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Continental Rift Xenoliths   Fe/Al 5.03 3.4 3.71     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Shallowater Aubrite 13 Al 5.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 CO Chondrites 13 Al 5.2   1.6     8 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al 5.2           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 CI Chondrites   Al/Yb 5.34             McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Al/Yb 5.44   0.35         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Al/Yb 5.45   0.24         McDonough & Sun 1995 DSDP/ODP Site 800 13 Al 5.48           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Enstatite Chondrites   Al/Yb 5.5   0.35         McDonough & Sun 1995 Marianas Trench 13 Al 5.52           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 13 Al 5.56           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 5.67           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Olivine Chondrules 13 Al 5.7     3.4 9.4 3 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 5.71           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Moon 13 Al 5.8           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 5.81           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 QUE 94201 Meteorite 13 Al 5.81   0.58         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Continental Arc Xenoliths   Fe/Al 5.88 3.7 6.08     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Rivers 13 Al 50           ppb Li 1982 Martin & Meybeck 1979 Estherville Mesosiderite 13 Al 51.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Malvern Howardites 13 Al 52.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Ocean Island Peridotite 13 Al 53.1           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Late Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.3             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.4             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.6             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.9             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   CIW 55             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   CIW 55.4             Condie 1993 Miles IIE Iron 13 Al 55.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Upper Continental Crust   CIW 55.7             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.1             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.1             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.6             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.7             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.8             Condie 1993 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 56.86           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Paleozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57             Condie 1993 Petersburg Eucrites 13 Al 57.28             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 13 Al 57.4           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Depleted MORB Mantle Spinel 13 Al 57.54           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.6             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.6             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.7             Condie 1993 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 6.04           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths   Fe/Al 6.1 4.76 4.51     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Websterites 13 Al 6.1         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 6.18           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 13 Al 6.22           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 13 Al 6.24           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Ocean Island Peridotite 13 Al 6.37           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al 6.4           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Solar Corona 13 Al 6.4   0.23         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Meyer 1985 Comet Halley 13 Al 6.41   0.1         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988 CI Chondrites 13 Al 6.46   0.01         Palme & Jones 2004 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene 13 Al 6.46           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Solar Corona 13 Al 6.47   0.06         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Corona 13 Al 6.47   0.03         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Photosphere 13 Al 6.47   0.07         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Photosphere 13 Al 6.47   0.07         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Peru Trench 13 Al 6.6           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 13 Al 6.7           wt% Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke & Palme 1974 Ocean Island Peridotite 13 Al 6.77           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Juvinas Eucrite 13 Al 6.8           wt% Morgan et al. 1978 Schmitt et al. 1972 Stony Meteorites 13 Al 60             Herzog 2004 Y-74450 Eucrites 13 Al 60.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 13 Al 61.36             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Marine Organisms 13 Al 62           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 13 Al 63             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Danube River Particulates 13 Al 63000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Macibini Eucrites 13 Al 64.16             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b Stannern Eucrite 13 Al 65.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 D'Orbigny Angrite 13 Al 65.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Moore County Eucrite 13 Al 66.97             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Serra De Mage Eucrite 13 Al 67.18             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Sioux County Eucrite 13 Al 67.97             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Ibitira Eucrite 13 Al 68.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Komatiites 13 Al 7           wt%ox Condie 1993 Juvinas Eucrite 13 Al 7.1           wt% Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke et al. 1972 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 13 Al 7.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Pyroxenites 13 Al 7.16         106 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mars Soil 13 Al 7.2   4       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 13 Al 7.32         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 13 Al 7.4         87 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mars Soil 13 Al 7.41   0.5187       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 13 Al 7.59   0.5313       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 13 Al 7.8   4       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 13 Al 7.8   4       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene 13 Al 7.87           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 13 Al 7.87         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Johnstown Diogenite 13 Al 7.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Continental Crust 13 Al 7.96           wt% Wedepohl 1995 Ganges River Particulates 13 Al 77000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 77440           ppm Wedepohl 1995 MacKenzie River Particulates 13 Al 78000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 St. Lawrence River Particulates 13 Al 78000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Narbada River Particulates 13 Al 79000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Archean Terrains 13 Al 8.04           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 8.04           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Interlayered Clay & Chert 13 Al 8.05         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Archean Terrains 13 Al 8.1           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 13 Al 8.2             Grossman et al. 1985 Mars Soil 13 Al 8.22   0.5754       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Igneous Rocks 13 Al 8.3           wt% Morgan et al. 1978 Schmitt et al. 1972 Mars Soil 13 Al 8.4   4       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Orgueil Chondrite 13 Al 8.4             Grossman et al. 1985 Continental Crust 13 Al 8.41           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 8.41           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 8.52           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Japan Trench 13 Al 8.55           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kuriles Trench 13 Al 8.55           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 13 Al 8.59         43 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mars Soil 13 Al 8.71   0.6097       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 13 Al 8.95         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Marine Shales 13 Al 80000           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Continental Crust 13 Al 80100           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 82120           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Oceanic Crust 13 Al 82600           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Marine Pelagic Clay 13 Al 84000           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Pelagic Clay 13 Al 84000           ppm Li 1982 CI Chondrites 13 Al 8490   254.7       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 13 Al 8490   254.7       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 Wolf & Palme 2001 Solar System 13 Al 84900   4161.1     18   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solar System 13 Al 84900   3060     19   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 13 Al 85000             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Orgueil Chondrite 13 Al 8620         12 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 CI Chondrites 13 Al 8680   312.5     19 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 13 Al 8680           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 13 Al 8690         13 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Mississippi River Particulates 13 Al 88000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Sera de Mage Eucrite 13 Al 9.2           wt% Morgan et al. 1978 Brown Clay 13 Al 9.4         29 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Island Arcs 13 Al 9.5           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Diatom Oozes & Clay 13 Al 9.56         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Sandwich Trench 13 Al 9.56           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 13 Al 9.68           wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Mars Rocks 13 Al 9.68   0.6776       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Primitive Mantle   Mg/Al 9.7             McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth   Mg/Al 9.7             McDonough & Sun 1995 East Sunda Trench 13 Al 9.8           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Primitive Mantle   Si/Al 9.947   0.05         Allegre et al. 1995 River Particulates 13 Al 94000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Nile River Particulates 13 Al 98000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 21¿N EPR Hydrothermal Vents 13 Al       0.004 0.005     Bowers & Taylor 1985 Garnet Peridotites 13 Al   1.23         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garnet Peridotites   Ca/Al   0.99           McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Mercury Crustal Silicates 13 Al       3.5 7   wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 13 Al   2.89         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Ca/Al   1.18           McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle 13 Al   4.45         wt%ox McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   Ca/Al   1.09           McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Solid Earth   Fe/Al       18.6 20.6     McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth   Mg/Al       9.7 9.7     McDonough & Sun 1995 Spinel Peridotites 13 Al   2.2         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   Ca/Al   1.35           McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 13 Al       0.32 0.87   wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971