GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Oceans Surface water 21 Sc       0.4 1   ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Brewer et al. 1972 Seawater 21 Sc         1   ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Brewer et al. 1972 Marine Phosphorites 21 Sc 11 10   5 18 12 ppm Altschuller 1980 Seawater 21 Sc 15     8 20     Bruland 1983 Marine Shales 21 Sc       0.3 5.8 6 ppm Altschuller 1980 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 21 Sc       3.9 6.9   ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 21 Sc 8.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Active Continental Rifts 21 Sc 20           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 21 Sc 28           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Alaska Trench 21 Sc 16.96           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Alborz Mountains 21 Sc 30         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Aval et al. 1968 Aleutian Basalts 21 Sc 38.71         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Aleutian Trench 21 Sc 17.57           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 21 Sc 21   1       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 21 Sc 13   1       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84025 Brachinite 21 Sc 13.6           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a ALHA 77257 Urelite 21 Sc 7.7           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 21 Sc 7.2           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 21 Sc 10.3           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Allende Meteorite 21 Sc 11.9           µg/g Grossman & Wasson 1985 Amazon River Particulates 21 Sc 18           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amphibolites 21 Sc 43.2         189 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Andaman Trench 21 Sc 11.74           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andes Basalt 21 Sc 26.54         28 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 21 Sc 23           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 21 Sc 22           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 21 Sc 18           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 21 Sc 20           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 21 Sc 20           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 21 Sc 20           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 21 Sc 17.55         25 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 21 Sc 20           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 21 Sc 27.9         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Angrite Angra Dos Reis 21 Sc 49.6           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Angrite LEW 87051 21 Sc 36           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Archean Terrains 21 Sc 30           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 21 Sc 14           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 21 Sc 20           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Arenaceous Rocks 21 Sc 14.8         121 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 21 Sc 9.2         2754 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Ashy Clay 21 Sc 14.3         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aubres Aubrite 21 Sc 6.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Australian Granite 21 Sc 11         704 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Australian Granite 21 Sc 3         6 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Australian Granite 21 Sc 15.2           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Australian Granite 21 Sc 13         1074 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Australian Granite 21 Sc 14         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 21 Sc 14.4   0.9     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 21 Sc 15.9   3.1     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Bambui Group 21 Sc 10         14 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart 1974 Barea Mesosiderite 21 Sc 18.19           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Basalts 21 Sc 27.4         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 21 Sc 14.2         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 21 Sc 12.5         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 21 Sc 23.7         27 ppm Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts 21 Sc 17         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts 21 Sc 19.2         23 ppm Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 21 Sc 29.5         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 21 Sc 20.1         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Basalts 21 Sc 19.3         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts 21 Sc 20.6         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 21 Sc 30.4         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 21 Sc 27.3         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 21 Sc 22         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts 21 Sc 25.3         12 ppm Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts 21 Sc 19.5         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts 21 Sc 35           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 21 Sc 40           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 21 Sc 35           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 21 Sc 33           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 21 Sc 37           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 21 Sc 33           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 21 Sc 37           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 21 Sc 16         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basic Precambrian Granulites 21 Sc 36         25 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Binda Eucrite 21 Sc 14.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Bone Valley Formation 21 Sc 6         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Boninites 21 Sc 36.45         54 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Brachina Brachinite 21 Sc 12           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Nehru et al. 1983 Brown Clay 21 Sc 13.6         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 21 Sc 20.9         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Rock 21 Sc 8         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Al/Sc 0.15   0.009         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.16   0.009         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Sc/Yb 36.4   1.8         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ti/Sc 75   6         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonate 21 Sc 4.8         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 21 Sc 7.2         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 21 Sc 1.3         50 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 21 Sc 2         2038 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Cascade Basalt 21 Sc 34.24         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascadia Trench 21 Sc 17.06           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 21 Sc 7.67           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central American Basalts 21 Sc 33.2         13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 24           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 13           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 17           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 23           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 26           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 21 Sc 16           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Chassigny Achondrite 21 Sc 4.8   0.1       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Chassigny Meteorite 21 Sc 5.3   0.4       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 21 Sc 20.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Chert 21 Sc 2.7         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 21 Sc 4.4         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 CI Chondrites   Al/Sc 0.145             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.156             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 5.92           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 5.82   0.501     18 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 5.9   0.177       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 3.08   0.01         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 5.82           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 5.9   0.177       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 5.9           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 5.8           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 5.98           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 CI Chondrites 21 Sc 8.55           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 CI Chondrites   Sc/Yb 36.8             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ti/Sc 74.3             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   V/Sc 9.4             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Clastic Turbidites 21 Sc 17.1         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 21 Sc 2.15           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Congo River Particulates 21 Sc 12           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Arc Andesite 21 Sc 32.51         110 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 21 Sc 20.98         41 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 21 Sc 24           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 21 Sc 33           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust   Cu/Sc 1.23             Salters & Stracke 2004 Continental Crust 21 Sc 21.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 22           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 30           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 16           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 13           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 21 Sc 17.4           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Crust 21 Sc 16           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 21.9           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 21 Sc 30           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 21 Sc 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 21 Sc 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 21.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 21 Sc 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 21 Sc 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust   Zn/Sc 3.29             Salters & Stracke 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 29           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 60.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 94.4           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 21.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 31.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 1.5           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 3.9           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 5.1           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 4.42           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 12 12 4     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 2.1           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 15.9           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 111           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 21 Sc 8.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Rift Xenoliths 21 Sc 11 10 5     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Shields & Platforms 21 Sc 30           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 21 Sc 22           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core 21 Sc 0           µg/g McDonough 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 21 Sc 43           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gergoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 21 Sc 4 4 3     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 21 Sc 24           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 D'Orbigny Angrite 21 Sc 40.3           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Danube River Particulates 21 Sc 16           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Depleted Mantle 21 Sc 16.3   2.119       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Diatom Oozes & Clay 21 Sc 9.9         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 21 Sc 14.6         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 21 Sc 17.1         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 21 Sc 16.7         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diorite 21 Sc 20.6         260 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Dover Sandstone 21 Sc 18         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart & Schmidt 1974 DSDP/ODP Site 800 21 Sc 6.4           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 21 Sc 7.48           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 E-MORB 21 Sc 36           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Early Archean Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 22             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 21             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   La/Sc 2.2             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   La/Sc 2.7             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 21 Sc 13.1           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 21 Sc 11           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.71             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.57             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 4.1             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 4.2             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 2.1             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 1.8             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 16.3           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 14.5           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.72             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.56             Condie 1993 East China Craton 21 Sc 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 21 Sc 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East Sunda Trench 21 Sc 11.7           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 EET 83309 Urelite 21 Sc 7.8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b EET 84302 Acapulcoite 21 Sc 7.35           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Enstatite Chondrites   Al/Sc 0.145   0.007         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.143   0.014         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Sc/Yb 37.9   3.1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Ti/Sc 74   7         McDonough & Sun 1995 Estherville Mesosiderite 21 Sc 19.88           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Felsic Archean Granulites 21 Sc 6 5       91 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Granulites 21 Sc 14.7         137 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 21 Sc 13 13       59 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 21 Sc 16           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 21 Sc 16           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 21 Sc 12.3         972 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 21 Sc 16           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 21 Sc 13           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 21 Sc 10           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 21 Sc 15           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 21 Sc 17           ppm Condie 1993 Frankfort Howardites 21 Sc 20.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 21 Sc 36.75         45 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 21 Sc 30.3           ppm Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Ganges River Particulates 21 Sc 11.5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garnet Peridotites 21 Sc   6         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Gibson Lodranite 21 Sc 10.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Goalpara Ureilite 21 Sc 6.3   0.1       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Granites 21 Sc 5           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 21 Sc 4           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 21 Sc 5           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 21 Sc 3.9         1226 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 21 Sc 5.4         402 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 21 Sc 5         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites 21 Sc 4.7           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granulites 21 Sc 26 24       159 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 21 Sc 13 8       152 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites 21 Sc 34 35       98 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Graywackes 21 Sc 17           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 21 Sc 15           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 21 Sc 14           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 21 Sc 14           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 21 Sc 14           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 21 Sc 15           ppm Condie 1993 Greater Antilles Basalt 21 Sc 33.21         14 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Green Clay 21 Sc 19.3         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Greywackes 21 Sc 16           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Havero Urelite 21 Sc 4.9           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Hydrothermal Sediment 21 Sc 12.7         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 IAB Campo del Cielo 21 Sc 5.9           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Landes 21 Sc 9.3           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Udei Station 21 Sc 12.6           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Ibitira Eucrite 21 Sc 29.1           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Igneous Rocks 21 Sc 24           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Schmitt et al. 1972 Interior North China Craton 21 Sc 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 21 Sc 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 21 Sc 17           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 21 Sc 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 21 Sc 23           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 21 Sc 3.3         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 21 Sc 2.7         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 21 Sc 19         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Granulites 21 Sc 21.8         136 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 21 Sc 17 17       15 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 21 Sc 22 19       19 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 21 Sc 27 27       41 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 21 Sc 20         26 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Island Arc Andesite 21 Sc 26.14         18 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 21 Sc 36.37         112 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 21 Sc 30           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Island Arcs 21 Sc 14         323 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Izu-Bonin Trench 21 Sc 3.81           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 21 Sc 12.29           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 21 Sc 14.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Johnstown Diogenite 21 Sc 15.8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Juvinas Eucrite 21 Sc 29           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Schmitt et al. 1972 Wanke et al. 1972 Kamchatka Basalt 21 Sc 35.33         40 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Trench 21 Sc 5.09           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kapoeta Howardites 21 Sc 20.7           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Kenna Ureilite 21 Sc 8.5   0.1       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Kerm Trench 21 Sc 18.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kermadec Basalts 21 Sc 35.8         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kimberlite 21 Sc 14         22 ppm Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Komatiites 21 Sc 28           ppm Condie 1993 Kuriles Trench 21 Sc 12.29           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 La Caja Formation 21 Sc 6         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Rogers et al. 1956 Late Archean Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 13             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 13             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   La/Sc 2.8             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   La/Sc 2.3             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 21 Sc 12.5           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 21 Sc 10.7           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.63             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.76             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 3.3             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 3.3             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 1.8             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 2.2             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 15.7           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 14.1           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.61             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.75             Condie 1993 Lesser Antilles Basalt 21 Sc 34.76         44 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 LL Ordinary Chondrites 21 Sc 10           µg/g Grossman & Wasson 1985 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 40           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 19           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 36           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 25.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Luzon Basalt 21 Sc 36.32         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 MAC 88177 Lodranite 21 Sc 8.97           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Macibini Eucrites 21 Sc 29.2           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b Mafic Archean Granulites 21 Sc 39 41       23 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulites 21 Sc 43.7         128 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 21 Sc 35 34       92 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Intrusions 21 Sc 31.8         308 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 21 Sc 45 43       33 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Magdalena River Particulates 21 Sc 21           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Makran Trench 21 Sc 17.63           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Malvern Howardites 21 Sc 26.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Manganese Nodules 21 Sc 10           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Mantle Xenoliths 21 Sc 12           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Marianas Basalt 21 Sc 33.64         15 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Marianas Trench 21 Sc 6.94           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Organisms 21 Sc 0.07           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 19           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 19           ppm Li 1982 Marine Shales 21 Sc 2         6 ppm Altschuller 1980 Marine Shales 21 Sc 13           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 21 Sc 13           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Mavic Volcanics 21 Sc 37         632 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 21 Sc 0.001         41 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Mekong River Particulates 21 Sc 19.5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 21 Sc 16           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 21 Sc 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 21 Sc 19           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 21 Sc 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 3.1             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 3.2             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 1.6             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 1.9             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 14.2           ppm Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 15.6           ppm Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.57             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.71             Condie 1993 META 78008 Urelite 21 Sc 8.4           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Metafelsic Volcanics 21 Sc 13         41 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Metalliferous Clay 21 Sc 34.4         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 21 Sc 23 19       32 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mexico Trench 21 Sc 15.74           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 19   5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 22           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 19           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 4             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 3.9             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 2.1             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 1.8             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 15.8           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 14.1           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.59             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.74             Condie 1993 Miles IIE Iron 21 Sc 24.1           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Miles IIE Iron 21 Sc 25           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Mincy Mesosiderite 21 Sc 19.8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Mishash Formation 21 Sc 5         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Mazor 1963 Monterey Formation 21 Sc 12         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Moore County Eucrite 21 Sc 19.8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 N-MORB 21 Sc 41.37   4.054     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 N-MORB 21 Sc 33.6           ppm Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 N-MORB 21 Sc 42.3           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 N-MORB 21 Sc 48           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 21 Sc 44           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 21 Sc 41.37           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 Nakhla Meteorite 21 Sc 51   4       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nankai Trench 21 Sc 14.95           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 21 Sc 10.5         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 New Hebrides Islands 21 Sc 38         14 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 North American Shale Composite (NASC)   La/Sc 2.07             Condie 1993 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 21 Sc 31.5           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke & Palme 1974 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 21 Sc 30           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 21 Sc 15           ppm Condie 1993 North American Shale Composite (NASC)   Th/Sc 0.82             Condie 1993 North Antilles Trench 21 Sc 11.75           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 21           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Novo-Urei Ureilite 21 Sc 8.1   0.1       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 21 Sc 33.3           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 21 Sc 13 12 5     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Crust 21 Sc 41           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Oceanic Crust 21 Sc 40           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 21 Sc 8 9 2     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 258           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 33.8           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 40           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 41           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 50           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 44.4           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 42.2           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 186           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 30.8           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 27.3           ppm Kerr 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 18.7           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 28.3           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 52.3           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 34.5           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 335           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 41.1           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 353           ppm Kerr 2004 Reynaud et al. 1999 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 38.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 36.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1995 Oceanic Plateaus 21 Sc 45.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 ODP Site 735 21 Sc 33.6 33.8       22 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Orangeite 21 Sc 18.8         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Al/Sc 0.145   0.005         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.156   0.006         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Sc/Yb 37.7   1.9         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ti/Sc 75   3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 21 Sc 5.76         10 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orgueil Chondrite 21 Sc 5.83         12 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 21 Sc 5.3           µg/g Grossman et al. 1985 Oulad Abdoun Basin 21 Sc 10         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Paleozoic Orogens 21 Sc 21           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 21 Sc 28           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 3.3             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Sc 3.2             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 1.6             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   La/Sc 1.9             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 15.6           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 21 Sc 14.2           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.71             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Th/Sc 0.57             Condie 1993 Parana River Particulates 21 Sc 25.4           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 31.1         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 12.4         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 15         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 18         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 20.3         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 12.4         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 21 Sc 17.2         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelites 21 Sc 15.4         69 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 21 Sc 15.9         1341 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 21 Sc 9           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Peninsular Range Batholith 21 Sc 1.8           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 21 Sc   14.1         ppm McDonough 1991 Peru Trench 21 Sc 10.56           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Petersburg Eucrites 21 Sc 26.15           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 21 Sc 32.2         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 21 Sc 29         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 21 Sc 40         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 21 Sc 42         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 21 Sc 24.1         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 21 Sc 34.4         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Philip Trench 21 Sc 13.19           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phosphoria Formation 21 Sc 0.001         61 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 21 Sc   10         ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 21 Sc 10         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966 Precambrian Canadian Shield 21 Sc 7           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Precambrian Granulites 21 Sc 19         88 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 16.5           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 19           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 17           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 16.5   1.65       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 16           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 14.88           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 13           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 17.1           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 19           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 15           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 14.8           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 17           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 17           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc   17.3         ppm McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 16.2   1.62       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 16.9           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 14.9           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Morgan et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 16.1           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 21 Sc 18           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Primitive Mantle   V/Sc 4.7             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 21 Sc 48.1         8 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Pungo River Formation 21 Sc 7         2 ppm Altschuller 1980 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 21 Sc 4.4           µg/g Grossman et al. 1985 QUE 94201 Meteorite 21 Sc 48   2       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Radiolarian Clay 21 Sc 12.8         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 21 Sc 17.5         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 21 Sc 17.5         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 21 Sc 5.9         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 21 Sc 4.9         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 21 Sc 0.001         20 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Rifted Continental Margins 21 Sc 21           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 21 Sc 33           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 River Particulates 21 Sc 18           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 21 Sc 0.004           ppb Li 1982 Ryuku Trench 21 Sc 24.16           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sandstones 21 Sc 1.6           ppm Condie 1993 Sandstones 21 Sc 2.4           ppm Condie 1993 Scotia Island Basalt 21 Sc 34.45         11 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Seawater 21 Sc 1.5e-05             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 21 Sc 0.86             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Seawater 21 Sc 0.0006           ppb Li 1982 Sera de Mage Eucrite 21 Sc 14           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Schmitt et al. 1972 Sera de Mage Eucrite 21 Sc 19.2           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Serra De Mage Eucrite 21 Sc 23.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Shales   La/Sc 2.37             Condie 1993 Shales   La/Sc 2.22             Condie 1993 Shales   La/Sc 1.5             Condie 1993 Shales 21 Sc 16           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 21 Sc 21           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 21 Sc 17           ppm Condie 1993 Shales   Ti/Sc 0.82             Condie 1993 Shales   Ti/Sc 0.84             Condie 1993 Shales   Ti/Sc 0.41             Condie 1993 Shalka Diogenite 21 Sc 9.9           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Shallowater Aubrite 21 Sc 6.8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Shergotty Meteorite 21 Sc 52   7       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Silicate Earth 21 Sc 16           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 21 Sc 17.3           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Silicate Earth 21 Sc 17           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Silicate Earth 21 Sc 14.88           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Silicate Earth 21 Sc 13           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 21 Sc 16           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 21 Sc 16.2   1.62       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 21 Sc 8         23 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Silicified Limestone 21 Sc 2.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 21 Sc 17         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sioux County Eucrite 21 Sc 34.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Slope Lisbourne Group 21 Sc 15         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Patton & Matzko 1959 Solar Corona 21 Sc 4.04   0.4         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Corona 21 Sc 4.04   0.4         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Photosphere 21 Sc 3.17   0.1         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar Photosphere 21 Sc 3.1   0.09         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 21 Sc 33.8   3.042     15   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solar System 21 Sc 31             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solar System 21 Sc 34.2   2.736     18   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solid Earth 21 Sc 10.9           µg/g McDonough 1998 Solid Earth 21 Sc 10.9           ppm McDonough 2004 South Antilles Trench 21 Sc 13.67           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 21 Sc 20           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 21 Sc 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 21 Sc 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 21 Sc 20           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 21 Sc 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 21 Sc 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Sandwich Trench 21 Sc 9.91           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 21 Sc   12         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 21 Sc 12.2 12 6.4     220 ppm McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   V/Sc 5 4.7 1.1     113   McDonough 1990 Stannern Eucrite 21 Sc 29.4           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Subducted Sediment 21 Sc 13.1   1.03       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 21 Sc 11.99           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 39.5   0.5     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 38.7   1.4     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 31.5   1     17 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 57   2     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 43.7   0.5     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 21.4   0.9     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 35.4   1.1     16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 45   1     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 52   2     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 29.3   0.1     86 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 26.9   0.3     42 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 21 Sc 20.4   1     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Tonalites 21 Sc 11           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 21 Sc 4.7         355 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 21 Sc 5           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 21 Sc 14           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 21 Sc 12           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 21 Sc 8.8         553 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 21 Sc 7.4         641 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonga Trench 21 Sc 22           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tongan Basalts 21 Sc 44.58         9 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 21 Sc 43           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Turbidites 21 Sc 16.48         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 21 Sc 11.6         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 21 Sc 36         14 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust   Cr/Sc 7.8             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Cr/Sc 8.4             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   La/Sc 2.2             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   La/Sc 2.1             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 13.3           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 13.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 11           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 7           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 14   0.9       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 13.4           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 10           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 14           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 13.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust   Th/Sc 0.65             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Th/Sc 0.68             Condie 1993 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 21 Sc 6.3           ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 21 Sc 4.9           ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Vanuatu Trench 21 Sc 11.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Veramin Mesosiderite 21 Sc 11.15           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Volcanoclastic Sediment 21 Sc 11         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 21 Sc 8.5         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 21 Sc 10         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Watson IIE Iron 21 Sc 9.972           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Winonaite Pontlyfni 21 Sc 5.79           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 21 Sc 8.03           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Y-74450 Eucrites 21 Sc 30           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Y-791491 Lodranite 21 Sc 6.07           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Yangtze Craton 21 Sc 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 21 Sc 13           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 21 Sc 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 21 Sc 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 21 Sc 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998