GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Core 23 V       120 120   ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Seawater 23 V 30     20 35     Bruland 1983 Solid Earth   Cr/V       46 52     McDonough & Sun 1995 Core   Cr/V       67 79     McDonough & Sun 1995 Marine Phosphorites 23 V 100 70   7 300 18 ppm Altschuller 1980 Solid Earth 23 V       95 95   ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 23 V 92           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Active Continental Rifts 23 V 174           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 23 V 120           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Alaska Trench 23 V 144           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Alborz Mountains 23 V 18         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Aval et al. 1968 Aleutian Basalts 23 V 294.38         8 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Aleutian Trench 23 V 145           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 23 V 162   6       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 23 V 201   6       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84025 Brachinite 23 V 108           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a ALHA 77257 Urelite 23 V 99           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 23 V 99           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 23 V 88.7           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Amazon River Particulates 23 V 232           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amour River Particulates 23 V 81           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amphibolites 23 V 255         189 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Andaman Trench 23 V 89           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andes Basalt 23 V 198.36         22 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 23 V 170           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 23 V 140           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 23 V 140           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 23 V 231         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Andesites 23 V 154           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 23 V 168           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 23 V 132           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 23 V 170         2 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 23 V 135           ppm Condie 1993 Archean Terrains 23 V 245           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 23 V 162           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Terrains 23 V 195           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Arenaceous Rocks 23 V 71         2754 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 23 V 102         121 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Ashy Clay 23 V 224         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite 23 V 57         1074 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Australian Granite 23 V 8           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Australian Granite 23 V 2         6 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Australian Granite 23 V 49         704 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Australian Granite 23 V 63         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 23 V 72   5     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 23 V 83   20     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Bambui Group 23 V 150         14 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart 1974 Basalts 23 V 181         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 23 V 154         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 23 V 205         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts 23 V 316         23 ppm Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 23 V 213         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 23 V 196         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 23 V 161         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts 23 V 234         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 23 V 312         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 23 V 211         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts 23 V 157         12 ppm Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts 23 V 297         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Basalts 23 V 133         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 23 V 101         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 23 V 240           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 23 V 272           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 23 V 283           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 23 V 260           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 23 V 270           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 23 V 252           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 23 V 245           ppm Condie 1993 Basic Precambrian Granulites 23 V 307         25 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Battle Creek Formation 23 V 110         17 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Battle Creek Formation 23 V 23         7 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Belkinsk Akai Sayan 23 V 60         33 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Bone Valley Formation 23 V 70         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Boninites 23 V 188.01         70 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Brachina Brachinite 23 V 88           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Nehru et al. 1983 Brown Clay 23 V 319         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 23 V 164         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Rock 23 V 30         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Cr/V 40   3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Mg/V 0.157   0.009         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonate 23 V 89         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 23 V 66         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 23 V 14         50 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 23 V 20         2038 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Cascade Basalt 23 V 224         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascadia Trench 23 V 170           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 23 V 103           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central American Basalts 23 V 268.53         29 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Central East China Craton 23 V 128           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 98           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 160           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 95           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 87           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 120           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 154           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 98           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 117           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 185           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 23 V 102           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Chassigny Achondrite 23 V 34   2       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Chassigny Meteorite 23 V 39   9       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chert 23 V 25         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 23 V 44         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 CI Chondrites   Cr/V 47             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Mg/V 0.172             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 23 V 54.3   2.715       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 23 V 56           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 23 V 56.5   2.88     9 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 23 V 3.99   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 23 V 56.5           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 23 V 54.3   2.715       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 23 V 56           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 23 V 55           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 CI Chondrites 23 V 56           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 CI Chondrites   V/Sc 9.4             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Clastic Turbidites 23 V 170         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 23 V 17           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Congo River Particulates 23 V 163           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Arc Andesite 23 V 158.27         19 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 23 V 246.59         107 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Xenoliths 23 V 53 55 17     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Arc Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0041 0.0039 0.001     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 23 V 210           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 23 V 150           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust   Se/V 0.00094             Salters & Stracke 2004 Continental Crust 23 V 131           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 108           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Crust 23 V 96           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 23 V 230           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 23 V 138           ppm Candela 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 23 V   0.6         wt% Candela 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 23 V 98           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 135           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 23 V 230           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 138           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 23 V 131           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 96           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 23 V 128           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 23 V 138           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 138           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 23 V 101           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 98           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 230           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 23 V 244           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 23 V 59 61 19     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 23 V 75           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 23 V 3           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 23 V 219           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 23 V 346           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 23 V 199           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 23 V 219           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0037 0.0041 0.0024     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths 23 V 54 51 20     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0028 0.0018 0.003     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Shields & Platforms 23 V 194           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 23 V 141           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core 23 V 150           ppm McDonough 2004 Core 23 V 120           µg/g McDonough 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 23 V 60           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 23 V 333           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gergoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 23 V 837           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 23 V 2175           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 23 V 1236           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 23 V 51           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 23 V 29 27 14     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 23 V 128           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0043 0.0042 0.0044     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Danube River Particulates 23 V 45           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Depleted Mantle 23 V 79   5.53       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Diatom Oozes & Clay 23 V 84         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 23 V 102         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 23 V 147         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 23 V 105         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diorite 23 V 132         260 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Dover Sandstone 23 V 65         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart & Schmidt 1974 DSDP/ODP Site 800 23 V 87           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 23 V 92           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 E-MORB 23 V 288           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Early Archean Upper Crust   Cr/V 3.5             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Cr/V 3.3             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 23 V 81           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 23 V 70           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.74             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.75             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 23 V 91           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 23 V 81           ppm Condie 1993 East China Craton 23 V 131           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 23 V 118           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East Sunda Trench 23 V 96           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 EET 83309 Urelite 23 V 94           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b Enstatite Chondrites   Cr/V 55   5         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Mg/V 0.204   0.025         McDonough & Sun 1995 Felsic Archean Granulites 23 V 38 29       244 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Granulites 23 V 98         137 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 23 V 50 40       138 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 23 V 48           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 23 V 25           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 23 V 30           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 23 V 30           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 23 V 50           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 23 V 40           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 23 V 30           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 23 V 55         972 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 23 V 245.77         39 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 23 V 200           ppm Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Garnet Peridotites 23 V   31         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garonne River Particulates 23 V 150           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Goalpara Ureilite 23 V 92   3       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Granites 23 V 23         1226 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 23 V 18           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 23 V 28           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 23 V 20           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 23 V 30         402 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 23 V 15           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 23 V 45         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granulites 23 V 89 60       432 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 23 V 122 90       325 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites 23 V 214 193       225 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Graywackes 23 V 140           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 23 V 106           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 23 V 111           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 23 V 115           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 23 V 140           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 23 V 130           ppm Condie 1993 Greater Antilles Basalt 23 V 253.2         15 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Green Clay 23 V 180         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Greywackes 23 V 98           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Honshu Basalt 23 V 186.65         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Hydrothermal Sediment 23 V 473         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 IAB Campo del Cielo 23 V 29           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Landes 23 V 48           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Udei Station 23 V 68           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Interior North China Craton 23 V 104           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 23 V 147           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 23 V 88           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 23 V 113           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 23 V 96           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 23 V 42         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 23 V 29         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 23 V 88         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Granulites 23 V 139         136 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 23 V 128 121       81 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 23 V 155 154       29 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 23 V 157 160       77 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 23 V 121         26 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Intra Stellar Medium 23 V 2.06             Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Island Arc Andesite 23 V 196.66         21 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 23 V 254.01         119 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 23 V 85         323 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Island Arcs 23 V 175           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Izu-Bonin Trench 23 V 35           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 23 V 84           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 23 V 118           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Johnstown Diogenite 23 V 115           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Kamchatka Basalt 23 V 260.45         31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Trench 23 V 46           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Karatau 23 V 17         10 ppm Altschuller 1980 Kholodov 1963 Kenna Ureilite 23 V 100   10       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Kerm Trench 23 V 153           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kermadec Basalts 23 V 255.1         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kimberlite 23 V 76         22 ppm Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Komatiites 23 V 160           ppm Condie 1993 Kuriles Trench 23 V 84           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kyzyl Kum 23 V 7         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Kapustyanski 1964 La Caja Formation 23 V 220         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Rogers et al. 1956 Late Archean Upper Crust   Cr/V 1.9             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Cr/V 1.9             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 23 V 73           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 23 V 84           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.53             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.52             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 23 V 89           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 23 V 101           ppm Condie 1993 Lena River Particulates 23 V 61           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Lesser Antilles Basalt 23 V 235.38         39 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 185           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 23 V 271           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 149           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 189           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 140           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 217           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 100           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 139           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 230           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 139           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 285           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 149           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Archean Granulites 23 V 216 195       67 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulites 23 V 311         128 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 23 V 216 219       173 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Intrusions 23 V 201         308 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 23 V 261 257       55 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Makran Trench 23 V 139           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Malvern Howardites 23 V 91.4           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Manganese Nodules 23 V 500           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Mantle Xenoliths 23 V 56           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Marianas Basalt 23 V 245.57         21 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Marianas Trench 23 V 90           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Organisms 23 V 3.5           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 23 V 120           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Pelagic Clay 23 V 120           ppm Li 1982 Marine Shales 23 V 130           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 23 V 130           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Mavic Volcanics 23 V 198         632 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 23 V 0.03         41 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Mekong River Particulates 23 V 175           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 23 V 82           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 23 V 151           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 23 V 105           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 23 V 151           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.48             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.47             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 23 V 93           ppm Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 23 V 106           ppm Condie 1993 META 78008 Urelite 23 V 71           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Metafelsic Volcanics 23 V 74         41 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Metalliferous Clay 23 V 142         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 23 V 129 129       50 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mexico Trench 23 V 252           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 118           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 107   16       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 95           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 118           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 46           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 107           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.63             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.63             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 23 V 99           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 23 V 87           ppm Condie 1993 Miles IIE Iron 23 V 113           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Miles IIE Iron 23 V 108           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Mishash Formation 23 V 195         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Mazor 1963 Monterey Formation 23 V 160         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 N-MORB 23 V 220           ppm Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 N-MORB 23 V 265           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 N-MORB 23 V 281           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Nakhla Meteorite 23 V 192           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nankai Trench 23 V 106           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nanno Ooze 23 V 42         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 23 V 59         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 New Hebrides Islands 23 V 336         16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Niger River Particulates 23 V 180           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 23 V 130           ppm Condie 1993 North Antilles Trench 23 V 239           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 23 V 119           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 23 V 145           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 23 V 128           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 23 V 114           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 23 V 97           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Novo-Urei Ureilite 23 V 85   3       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 23 V 64           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Ob River Particulates 23 V 173           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 23 V 38 40 11     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Ocean Arc Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0056 0 0.0071     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Crust 23 V 252           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 23 V 40 32 16     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Island Xenoliths   V/Al 0.0063 0.0064 0.0019     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 227           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 201           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 295           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 392           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 341           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 531           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 331           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 2017           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 334           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 166           ppm Kerr 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 313           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 170           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 349           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 552           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 271           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 373           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 371           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 285           ppm Kerr 2004 Reynaud et al. 1999 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 269           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 23 V 267           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1995 Oceans Deep water 23 V 1.2           µg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Morris 1975 Oceans Surface water 23 V 1           µg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Morris 1975 ODP Site 735 23 V 197 170.5       22 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Orangeite 23 V 104         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Cr/V 50   1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Mg/V 0.195   0.006         McDonough & Sun 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 23 V 56.7         6 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orgueil Chondrite 23 V 58           µg/g Grossman et al. 1985 Orgueil Chondrite 23 V 56.2         7 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orinoco River Particulates 23 V 127           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Oulad Abdoun Basin 23 V 70         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Paleozoic Orogens 23 V 118           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 23 V 174           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.47             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Cr/V 0.48             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 23 V 96           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 23 V 109           ppm Condie 1993 Pelagic Clay 23 V 100         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 23 V 121         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 23 V 100         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 23 V 158         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 23 V 1.36         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 23 V 106         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 23 V 138         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelites 23 V 117         1341 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 23 V 106         69 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 23 V 6.4           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Peninsular Range Batholith 23 V 15           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 23 V   70         ppm McDonough 1991 Peru Trench 23 V 104           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 23 V 405         18 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 23 V 332         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 23 V 343         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 23 V 221         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 23 V 323         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Philip Trench 23 V 160           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phosphoria Formation 23 V 300         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 23 V   300         ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 23 V 0.03         61 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Precambrian Canadian Shield 23 V 53           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Precambrian Granulites 23 V 139         88 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle   Cr/V 32             McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 23 V 77           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 23 V 82           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 23 V 128           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Primitive Mantle 23 V 82.1           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 23 V 82.1           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 23 V 87           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 23 V 81           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Ringwood 1979 Primitive Mantle 23 V   82         ppm McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 23 V 100           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Primitive Mantle 23 V 85           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 23 V 83           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 23 V 82           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 23 V 86   4.3       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Primitive Mantle 23 V 82   12.3       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 23 V 77           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 23 V 86           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Primitive Mantle   V/Sc 4.7             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 23 V 135         8 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Pungo River Formation 23 V 25         2 ppm Altschuller 1980 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 23 V 55           µg/g Grossman et al. 1985 QUE 94201 Meteorite 23 V 113   15       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Radiolarian Clay 23 V 123         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 23 V 136         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 23 V 136         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 23 V 73         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 23 V 52         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 23 V 0.01         20 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Rifted Continental Margins 23 V 122           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 23 V 210           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 River Particulates 23 V 170           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 23 V 0.9           ppb Li 1982 Ryuku Trench 23 V 129           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sandstones 23 V 29           ppm Condie 1993 Sandstones 23 V 11           ppm Condie 1993 Scotia Island Basalt 23 V 237         11 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Seawater 23 V         1   µg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Morris 1975 Seawater 23 V 0.023             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 23 V 2.5           ppb Li 1982 Seawater 23 V 2150             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Jeandel et al. 1987 Shales 23 V 117           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 23 V 100           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 23 V 154           ppm Condie 1993 Shergotty Meteorite 23 V 290   40       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Silicate Earth   Cr/V 32             McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 23 V 82           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 23 V 82           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 23 V 82   12.3       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 23 V 43         23 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Silicified Limestone 23 V 20           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 23 V 212         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Slope Lisbourne Group 23 V 240         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Patton & Matzko 1959 Solar Corona 23 V 4.23   0.4         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Corona 23 V 4.23   0.4         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Photosphere 23 V 4   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar Photosphere 23 V 4   0.02         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 23 V 293   14.94     9   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 23 V 3.99   0.1995         Palme & Jones 2004 Solar System 23 V 295   14.16     8   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solar System 23 V 254             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solid Earth 23 V 105           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 23 V 95           µg/g McDonough 1998 South Antilles Trench 23 V 189           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 23 V 139           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 23 V 102           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 23 V 108           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 23 V 120           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 23 V 120           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 23 V 97           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 23 V 97           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 23 V 106           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 23 V 94           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Sandwich Trench 23 V 84           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 23 V 56 53 21     132 ppm McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 23 V   53         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   V/Sc 5 4.7 1.1     113   McDonough 1990 Subducted Sediment 23 V 110   10.7       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 23 V 90           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 23 V 168   1.2     86 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 23 V 295   30     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 23 V 250   5     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 23 V 106   4     17 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 23 V 242   11     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 23 V 94   7     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk 23 V 70         38 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Tonalites 23 V 103           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 23 V 52         641 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 23 V 35         355 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 23 V 66         553 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 23 V 37           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 23 V 80           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 23 V 70           ppm Condie 1993 Tonga Trench 23 V 121           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tongan Basalts 23 V 222.6         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 23 V 299           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Turbidites 23 V 86         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 23 V 143         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 23 V 219         14 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust   Cr/V 1.2             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Cr/V 1.3             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 86           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 60           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 86           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 60           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 53           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 97           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 98           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 107           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 97   11       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 23 V 97           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 23 V 78           ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Vanuatu Trench 23 V 98           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Sediment 23 V 92         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 23 V 126         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 23 V 157         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 23 V 56           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Y-74450 Eucrites 23 V 67.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Yangtze Craton 23 V 95           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 23 V 104           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 23 V 83           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 23 V 82           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 23 V 94           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yemissei River Particulates 23 V 322           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979