GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 27 Co 640           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Active Continental Rifts 27 Co 23           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 27 Co 34           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Alaska Trench 27 Co 18.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Alborz Mountains 27 Co 9         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Aval et al. 1968 Aleutian Basalts 27 Co 44.09         16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Aleutian Trench 27 Co 26           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 27 Co 72   4       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 27 Co 47   3       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84025 Brachinite 27 Co 365           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a ALHA 77257 Urelite 27 Co 89           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 27 Co 71           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 27 Co 795           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Allende Meteorite 27 Co 620           µg/g Grossman & Wasson 1985 Amazon River Particulates 27 Co 41           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amphibolites 27 Co 57         189 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Andaman Trench 27 Co 13.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andes Basalt 27 Co 41.06         9 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 27 Co 30.3         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Andesites 27 Co 26           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 27 Co 31           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 27 Co 22           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 27 Co 20           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 27 Co 35           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 27 Co 47           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 27 Co 50           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 27 Co 22.07         21 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Angra dos Reis Angrite 27 Co 20.4           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Angrite Angra Dos Reis 27 Co 21.3           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Angrite LEW 87051 27 Co 27.4           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Archean Terrains 27 Co 25           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 27 Co 30           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 27 Co 27           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Arenaceous Rocks 27 Co 16         121 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 27 Co 8.7         2754 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Ashy Clay 27 Co 57.1         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Atmosphere 27 Co       50 200   ppb Prinn 2004 Brasseur et al. 1999 Prinn et al. 2000 Aubres Aubrite 27 Co 6           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Australian Granite 27 Co 10         1074 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Australian Granite 27 Co 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Australian Granite 27 Co 18         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite 27 Co 10         704 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 27 Co 100   30     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 27 Co 106   3     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Bambui Group 27 Co 10         14 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart 1974 Barea Mesosiderite 27 Co 50.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 27 Co 0.1   0.03     51 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Basalts 27 Co 42           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 27 Co 59           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 27 Co 41           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 27 Co 35           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 27 Co 35           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 27 Co 40           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 27 Co 55           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 27 Co 51.4         12 ppm Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts 27 Co 197         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts 27 Co 42.2         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 27 Co 29.9         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 27 Co 40.4         27 ppm Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts 27 Co 41         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts 27 Co 32.8         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 27 Co 45.2         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basic Precambrian Granulites 27 Co 58         25 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Battle Creek Formation 27 Co 5         17 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Battle Creek Formation 27 Co 35         7 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Bereba Eucrite 27 Co 4.7           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Bereba Eucrite 27 Co 4.7           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Bialystok Howardite 27 Co 14           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Binda Eucrite 27 Co 11.8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Bone Valley Formation 27 Co 4.5         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Boninites 27 Co 43.1         38 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Brachina Brachinite 27 Co 235           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Nehru et al. 1983 Brown Clay 27 Co 139.7         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 27 Co 52.2         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Rock 27 Co 5         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 CAI Inclusions Allende Meteorite 27 Co 95.7   2.871       ppm Bischoff & Palme 1987 Carbonate 27 Co 25.4         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 27 Co 9         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 27 Co 3         2038 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 27 Co 2.1         50 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Cascade Basalt 27 Co 43.08         22 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascadia Trench 27 Co 16.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 27 Co 30           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 31           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 17           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 24           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 16           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 22           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 36           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 30           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 27 Co 24           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Chassigny Achondrite 27 Co 124   4       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Chassigny Meteorite 27 Co 123   17       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 27 Co 311           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Chert 27 Co 6         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 27 Co 10.7         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 CI Chondrites 27 Co 500           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 27 Co 506   15.18       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 27 Co 4.9   0.01         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 27 Co 501           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 27 Co 502   33.1     18 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 27 Co 506   15.18       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 27 Co 502           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 27 Co 508           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 Clastic Turbidites 27 Co 16.9         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 27 Co 6.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colorado River Particulates 27 Co 17           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Comet Halley 27 Co 5.06   0.22         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988 Congo River Particulates 27 Co 25           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Constantinople Eucrite 27 Co 7.4           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Constantinople Eucrite 27 Co 7.4           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Continental Arc Andesite 27 Co 41.2         80 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 27 Co 31.36         36 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Basalt 27 Co 0.0096             Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994 Continental Arc Xenoliths 27 Co 108 105 11     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 27 Co 40           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 27 Co 28           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 27 Co 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 27 Co 26.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 25           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 29           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 24           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 26           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 27 Co 26.6           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Crust 27 Co 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 26.6           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 27 Co 29           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 27 Co 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 27 Co 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 26.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 27 Co 102 104 8     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths 27 Co           23   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Shields & Platforms 27 Co 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 27 Co 37           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core 27 Co 0.25           ppm McDonough 2004 Core 27 Co 2500           µg/g McDonough 1998 Core 27 Co       0.24 0.26   wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Core 27 Co 2530           ppm Allegre et al. 1995 Cratonic Xenoliths 27 Co 120 116 19     232   Pearson et al. 2004 D'Orbigny Angrite 27 Co 33           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Dacites 27 Co 0.06             Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994 Danube River Particulates 27 Co 13           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Depleted Mantle 27 Co 106   14.84       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Depleted Mantle 27 Co 0.21             Jones & Drake 1986 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Diatom Oozes & Clay 27 Co 32.2         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 27 Co 18.7         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 27 Co 44.7         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 27 Co 37.5         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diorite 27 Co 22.5         260 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Dover Sandstone 27 Co 5         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart & Schmidt 1974 DSDP/ODP Site 800 27 Co 21           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 27 Co 22.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Early Archean Upper Crust 27 Co 22           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 27 Co 25           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 17           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 15           ppm Condie 1993 East China Craton 27 Co 22           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 27 Co 24           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East Sunda Trench 27 Co 22.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 EET 83309 Urelite 27 Co 135           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b EET 84302 Acapulcoite 27 Co 1620           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Estherville Mesosiderite 27 Co 39.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Felsic Archean Granulites 27 Co 12 10       76 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Granulites 27 Co 18         137 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 27 Co 22 15       52 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 27 Co 6           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 27 Co 12           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 27 Co 10           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 27 Co 7.6         972 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 27 Co 5           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 27 Co 6           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 27 Co 5           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 27 Co 6           ppm Condie 1993 Frankfort Howardite 27 Co 21.8           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Frankfort Howardites 27 Co 23.6           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 27 Co 0.44             Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 27 Co 41.76         33 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Ganges River Particulates 27 Co 14           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garnet Peridotites 27 Co   101         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garonne River Particulates 27 Co 39           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Gibson Lodranite 27 Co 720           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Goalpara Ureilite 27 Co 78   6       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Granites 27 Co 3.5           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 27 Co 3         1226 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 27 Co 5.5           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 27 Co 7.1         402 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 27 Co 3           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 27 Co 13           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granulites 27 Co 26 20       181 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 27 Co 33 25       187 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites 27 Co 51 75       156 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Graywackes 27 Co 15           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 27 Co 20           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 27 Co 20           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 27 Co 28           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 27 Co 30           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 27 Co 25           ppm Condie 1993 Green Clay 27 Co 14.8         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Greywackes 27 Co 15           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Havero Urelite 27 Co 101           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Honshu Basalt 27 Co 57.13         15 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Hydrothermal Sediment 27 Co 207.2         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 IAB Campo del Cielo 27 Co 402           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Iron Meteorites 27 Co 4.9           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IAB Landes 27 Co 730           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Udei Station 27 Co 110           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Ibitira Eucrite 27 Co 11.7           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Igneous Rocks 27 Co 3           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Schmitt et al. 1972 Igneous Rocks 27 Co 0.15         22775 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 IIAB Iron Meteorites 27 Co 4.6           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IIIAB Iron Meteorites 27 Co 5.1           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 Interior North China Craton 27 Co 35           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 27 Co 25           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 27 Co 18           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 27 Co 22           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 27 Co 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 27 Co 5.1         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 27 Co 7         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 27 Co 184.8         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Granulites 27 Co 29         136 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 27 Co 26 22       45 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 27 Co 33 29       17 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 27 Co 35 30       65 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 27 Co 33         26 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Intra Stellar Medium 27 Co 2.15   0.645         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Island Arc Andesite 27 Co 0.0035             Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994 Island Arc Andesite 27 Co 44.17         56 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 27 Co 30.69         8 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 27 Co 25           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 IVA Iron Meteorites 27 Co 4           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IVB Iron Meteorites 27 Co 7.6           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 Izu-Bonin Trench 27 Co 8.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 27 Co 30.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 27 Co 25.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Johnstown Diogenite 27 Co 38.1           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Jonzac Eucrite 27 Co 9.3           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Jonzac Eucrite 27 Co 9.3           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Juvinas Eucrite 27 Co 6.5           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Juvinas Eucrite 27 Co 5.8           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke et al. 1972 Juvinas Eucrite 27 Co 4           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Schmitt et al. 1972 Juvinas Eucrite 27 Co 6.5           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Kamchatka Basalt 27 Co 41.72         36 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Trench 27 Co 7           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kapoeta Howardite 27 Co 23.6           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Kapoeta Howardite 27 Co 21.6           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Kapoeta Howardites 27 Co 28           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Kenna Ureilite 27 Co 164   2       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Kerm Trench 27 Co 86.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Komatiites 27 Co 110           ppm Condie 1993 Kuriles Trench 27 Co 30.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kyzyl Kum 27 Co 7         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Kapustyanski 1964 La Caja Formation 27 Co 3         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Rogers et al. 1956 Late Archean Upper Crust 27 Co 19           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 27 Co 22           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 17           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 15           ppm Condie 1993 Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 27 Co 0.1   0.03     58 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Lesser Antilles Basalt 27 Co 61.22         13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 LL Ordinary Chondrites 27 Co 450           µg/g Grossman & Wasson 1985 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 33           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 39           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 35           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Luzon Basalt 27 Co 35.63         7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 MAC 88177 Lodranite 27 Co 100           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Macibini Eucrites 27 Co 8.52           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b MacKenzie River Particulates 27 Co 14           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mafic Archean Granulites 27 Co 48 47       34 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulites 27 Co 57         128 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 27 Co 53 42       105 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Intrusions 27 Co 41         308 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 27 Co 52 50       39 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Magdalena River Particulates 27 Co 19           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Makran Trench 27 Co 20.4           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Malvern Howardites 27 Co 15.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Manganese Nodules 27 Co 2700           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Mantle Xenoliths 27 Co 0.014           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Marianas Basalt 27 Co 34.79         14 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Marianas Trench 27 Co 21.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Organisms 27 Co 0.43           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 27 Co 74           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Pelagic Clay 27 Co 74           ppm Li 1982 Marine Phosphorites 27 Co 7 5   0 35 15 ppm Altschuller 1980 Marine Shales 27 Co 19           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 27 Co 19           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Mavic Volcanics 27 Co 39         632 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 27 Co 0.001         41 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Mekong River Particulates 27 Co 20           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 27 Co 30           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 27 Co 18           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 27 Co 30           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 27 Co 21           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 14           ppm Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 15           ppm Condie 1993 META 78008 Urelite 27 Co 123           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Metafelsic Volcanics 27 Co 5         41 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Metalliferous Clay 27 Co 379.3         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 27 Co 26 21       43 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mexico Trench 27 Co 36           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 22           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 22   5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 25           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 15           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 17           ppm Condie 1993 Miles IIE Iron 27 Co 263           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Miles IIE Iron 27 Co 302           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Mincy Mesosiderite 27 Co 138           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Mishash Formation 27 Co 20         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Mazor 1963 Mississippi River Particulates 27 Co 21           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Molteno Howardite 27 Co 35           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Monterey Formation 27 Co 5         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Moore County Eucrite 27 Co 11.3           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 N-MORB 27 Co 47.07           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 N-MORB 27 Co 54           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 27 Co 50.1           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 N-MORB 27 Co 37.8           ppm Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 N-MORB 27 Co 47.07   3.719     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 Nakhla Meteorite 27 Co 48   5       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nakhla Nakhlite 27 Co 81           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Nankai Trench 27 Co 15.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 27 Co 12.5         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nepheline Syenites 27 Co 0.2         108 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 New Hebrides Islands 27 Co 44.67         6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Niger River Particulates 27 Co 40           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 27 Co 14.3           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke & Palme 1974 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 27 Co 7.6           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 27 Co 26           ppm Condie 1993 North Antilles Trench 27 Co 22.7           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 21           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 28           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 21           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 16           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 27 Co         0.01 8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Novo-Urei Ureilite 27 Co 134   5       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 27 Co 2.17           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Ob River Particulates 27 Co 14           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 27 Co 149 139 33     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Ocean Island Basalts 27 Co 1.51             Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994 Ocean Island Basalts 27 Co 0.0592             Oppenheimer 2004 Symonds et al. 1994 Oceanic Crust 27 Co 47           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Oceanic Crust 27 Co 45           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 27 Co 153 141 26     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceans Deep water 27 Co 2           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Knauer & Martin 1973 Oceans Surface water 27 Co 7           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Knauer & Martin 1973 ODP Site 735 27 Co 42.2 39       22 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Oldoinyo Lengai Carbonatite 27 Co 0.0787             Oppenheimer 2004 Oppenheimer et al. 2002 Orangeite 27 Co 80         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 27 Co 500           µg/g Grossman et al. 1985 Orgueil Chondrite 27 Co 507         12 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 27 Co 509         10 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orinoco River Particulates 27 Co 10           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Paleozoic Orogens 27 Co 24           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 27 Co 34           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 16           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 27 Co 14           ppm Condie 1993 Parana River Particulates 27 Co 23           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Pelagic Clay 27 Co 29.3         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 27 Co 24.2         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 27 Co 23.4         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 27 Co 32.7         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 27 Co 178.2         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 27 Co 24.2         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 27 Co 15.9         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelites 27 Co 16         69 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 27 Co 16         1341 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 27 Co 9.8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Peninsular Range Batholith 27 Co 14           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 27 Co   110         ppm McDonough 1991 Peru Trench 27 Co 31           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pesyanoe Aubrite 27 Co 14           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Pesyanoe Aubrite 27 Co 2.4           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Petersburg Eucrites 27 Co 69           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 27 Co 50         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 27 Co 64.7         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 27 Co 41.3         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 27 Co 44         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 27 Co 36         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Philip Trench 27 Co 80.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phosphoria Formation 27 Co 2         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 27 Co         0.001 61 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Precambrian Canadian Shield 27 Co 12           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Precambrian Granulites 27 Co 39         88 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 0.013           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 102           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 105   10.5       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 27 Co   105         ppm McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 102   5.1       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 0.013           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 104           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 104           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 0.012           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 27 Co 104           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 27 Co 880           µg/g Grossman et al. 1985 QUE 94201 Meteorite 27 Co 24   1       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Radiolarian Clay 27 Co 48.7         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 27 Co 41.7         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 27 Co 48.7         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 27 Co 17.6         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 27 Co 12.5         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 27 Co         0.001 20 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Rifted Continental Margins 27 Co 24           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 27 Co 40           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 River Particulates 27 Co 20           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 27 Co 0.1           ppb Li 1982 Ryuku Trench 27 Co 160.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sandstones 27 Co 2.8           ppm Condie 1993 Sandstones 27 Co 6.6           ppm Condie 1993 Scotia Island Basalt 27 Co 35.94         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Seawater 27 Co 15.6             Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Craig et al. 1967 Seawater 27 Co 2           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Knauer & Martin 1973 Seawater 27 Co 3e-05             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 27 Co 0.02     0.01 0.1     Bruland 1983 Seawater 27 Co 0.002           ppb Li 1982 Knauer et al. 1982 Seawater 27 Co 1.2             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Sera de Mage Eucrite 27 Co 6.5           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Sera de Mage Eucrite 27 Co 10           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Schmitt et al. 1972 Sera de Mage Eucrite 27 Co 4.8           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Serra De Mage Eucrite 27 Co 14.4           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Shales 27 Co 18           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 27 Co 20           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 27 Co 31           ppm Condie 1993 Shalka Diogenite 27 Co 18           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Shallowater Aubrite 27 Co 490           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Shergotty Meteorite 27 Co 40   7       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Shergotty Shergottite 27 Co 63           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Silicate Earth 27 Co 105           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 27 Co 105           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 27 Co 105   10.5       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 27 Co 28         23 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Silicified Limestone 27 Co 7.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 27 Co 26.4         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sioux County Eucrite 27 Co 4.3           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Sioux County Eucrite 27 Co 6.8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Sioux County Eucrite 27 Co 4.3           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Solar Photosphere 27 Co 4.92   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar Photosphere 27 Co 4.92   0.04         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 27 Co 2250   155.25     16   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solar System 27 Co 2200             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solar System 27 Co 2250   148.5     18   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 27 Co 4.9   0.49         Palme & Jones 2004 Solid Earth 27 Co 880           µg/g McDonough 1998 Solid Earth 27 Co       0.085 0.0915   wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth 27 Co 870           ppm Allegre et al. 1995 Solid Earth 27 Co 880           ppm McDonough 2004 South Antilles Trench 27 Co 22.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 27 Co 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 27 Co 22           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 27 Co 22           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 27 Co 25           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 27 Co 20           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 16           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 27 Co 16           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Sandwich Trench 27 Co 32.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 27 Co 112 111 10     166 ppm McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 27 Co   111         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 St. Lawrence River Particulates 27 Co 550           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Stannern Eucrite 27 Co 7.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Stannern Trend Eucrites 27 Co 7.3           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Stannern Trend Eucrites 27 Co 7.3           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Stannern Trend Eucrites 27 Co 14.7           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Stannern Trend Eucrites 27 Co 14.7           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Subducted Sediment 27 Co 21.9   9.48       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 27 Co 18.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonalites 27 Co 16           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 27 Co 12           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 27 Co 10           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 27 Co 14           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 27 Co 8.4         641 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 27 Co 14         553 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonga Trench 27 Co 216.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tongan Basalts 27 Co 45.07         6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Turbidites 27 Co 17         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 27 Co 13         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 27 Co 61         14 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 11.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17.3           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17.3   0.6       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 18           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 18           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 10           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 10           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 27 Co       80 139   ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Vanuatu Trench 27 Co 18.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Venus Atmosphere 27 Co 30   18       ppm Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002 Venus Atmosphere 27 Co 28   7       ppm Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002 Venus Atmosphere 27 Co 20   3       ppm Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002 Venus Atmosphere 27 Co 45   10       ppm Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002 Venus Atmosphere 27 Co 17   1       ppm Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002 Venus Core 27 Co 0.26           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Veramin Mesosiderite 27 Co 108.5           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Volcanoclastic Sediment 27 Co 16.2         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 27 Co 38         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 27 Co 30.4         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Washougal Howardite 27 Co 43           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Watson IIE Iron 27 Co 41.87           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Winonaite Pontlyfni 27 Co 883           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 27 Co 762           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Y-74450 Eucrites 27 Co 12           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Y-791491 Lodranite 27 Co 1250           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Yangtze Craton 27 Co 19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 27 Co 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 27 Co 16           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 27 Co 16           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 27 Co 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yemissei River Particulates 27 Co 40           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Yukon River Particulates 27 Co 40           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 CI Chondrites   Ni/Co 22             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Core   Ni/Co       20.8 20.8     McDonough & Sun 1995 Early Archean Upper Crust   Co/Th 3.4             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Co/Th 2.8             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Ni/Co 6.1             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Ni/Co 6.4             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.5             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.9             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 2.1             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 2             Condie 1993 Garnet Peridotites   Fe/Co 510   99         McDonough 1991 Garnet Peridotites   Ni/Co 21   4         McDonough 1991 Komatiites   Fe/Co 830             McDonough 1991 Komatiites   Ni/Co 12             McDonough 1991 Late Archean Upper Crust   Co/Th 2.8             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Co/Th 2.4             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Ni/Co 3.9             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Ni/Co 3.9             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.4             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.8             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.8             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.8             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.4             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.7             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.7             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.7             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.8             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.5             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.9             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.9             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.8             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Co/Th 1.4             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.8             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.8             Condie 1993 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Fe/Co 570   50         McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Ni/Co 19   1.3         McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle   Fe/Co 620             McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Co 18.7             McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Co 17             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Co 18             McDonough 1991 Silicate Earth   Ni/Co 18.7             McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth   Ni/Co       20.7 20.6     McDonough & Sun 1995 Spinel Peridotites   Fe/Co 580   99         McDonough 1991 Spinel Peridotites   Ni/Co 19.4 19.6 2.4     165   McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   Ni/Co 20   4         McDonough 1991 Upper Continental Crust   Co/Th 2             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Co/Th 2.1             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Ni/Co 3.1             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Ni/Co 3.3             Condie 1993