GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Core 28 Ni 4.87   0.3       wt% Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Solid Earth 28 Ni 1.6147           wt% Allegre et al. 1995 Alborz Mountains 28 Ni 35         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Aval et al. 1968 Bambui Group 28 Ni 30         14 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart 1974 Battle Creek Formation 28 Ni 9         7 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Battle Creek Formation 28 Ni 21         17 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Bone Valley Formation 28 Ni 9         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Brown Rock 28 Ni 30         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Dover Sandstone 28 Ni 45         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart & Schmidt 1974 Kyzyl Kum 28 Ni 7         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Kapustyanski 1964 La Caja Formation 28 Ni 43         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Rogers et al. 1956 Marine Phosphorites 28 Ni 53 33   7 250 16 ppm Altschuller 1980 Marine Shales 28 Ni 68           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Mishash Formation 28 Ni 73         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Mazor 1963 Monterey Formation 28 Ni 70         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Oulad Abdoun Basin 28 Ni 20         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Phosphoria Formation 28 Ni 100         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966 Pungo River Formation 28 Ni 13         2 ppm Altschuller 1980 Slope Lisbourne Group 28 Ni 250         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Patton & Matzko 1959 Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk 28 Ni 200         38 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Orgueil Chondrite 28 Ni 1.1         14   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solar System 28 Ni 47800             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solar System 28 Ni 49300   2810.1     25   Anders & Ebihara 1982 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 1.1   0.056     27 wt% Anders & Grevesse 1989 Comet Halley 28 Ni 6.19   0.18         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988 Orgueil Chondrite 28 Ni 1.1         21 wt% Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Corona 28 Ni 6.22   0.06         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Corona 28 Ni 6.29   0.23         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Meyer 1985 Solar Corona 28 Ni 6.22   0.08         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Photosphere 28 Ni 6.25   0.04         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 28 Ni 49300   2510     27   Anders & Grevesse 1989 CAI Inclusions Allende Meteorite 28 Ni 2660   133       ppm Bischoff & Palme 1987 Chassigny Achondrite 28 Ni 400   50       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Goalpara Ureilite 28 Ni 850   20       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Kenna Ureilite 28 Ni 1180   20       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Novo-Urei Ureilite 28 Ni 1300   50       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 28 Ni       900 2300   ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles 28 Ni 0.024             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles 28 Ni 0.032             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 0.047             Bradley 2004 McSween & Richardson 1977 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 0.048             Bradley 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CM Chondrites 28 Ni 0.057             Bradley 2004 McSween & Richardson 1977 CM Chondrites 28 Ni 0.048             Bradley 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles 28 Ni 0.019             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Interplanetary Dust Particles 28 Ni 0.027             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 L Ordinary Chondrites 28 Ni 0.032             Bradley 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Seawater 28 Ni 0.008             Broeker & Peng 1982 Pacific Ocean Deep Water 28 Ni 11             Bruland 1983 Pacific Ocean Surface Water 28 Ni 2             Bruland 1983 Seawater 28 Ni 8     2 12     Bruland 1983 Continental Crust 28 Ni   1.5         wt% Candela 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 28 Ni 59           ppm Candela 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Andesites 28 Ni 100           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 28 Ni 30           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 28 Ni 50           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 28 Ni 42           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 28 Ni 40           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 28 Ni 50           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 28 Ni 96           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 28 Ni 83           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 28 Ni 96           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 28 Ni 182           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 28 Ni 190           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 28 Ni 78           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 28 Ni 70           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 28 Ni 68           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.7             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.7             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 28 Ni 164           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 28 Ni 134           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Ni/Co 6.1             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   Ni/Co 6.4             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.9             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.9             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 31           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 36           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 2.1             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 2             Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 28 Ni 8           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 28 Ni 6           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 28 Ni 8           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 28 Ni 7           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 28 Ni 18           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 28 Ni 1.5           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 28 Ni 6           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 28 Ni 12           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 28 Ni 15           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 28 Ni 7           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 28 Ni 68           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 28 Ni 75           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 28 Ni 190           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 28 Ni 30           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 28 Ni 45           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 28 Ni 45           ppm Condie 1993 Komatiites 28 Ni 1700           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.9             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.8             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 28 Ni 76           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 28 Ni 85           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Ni/Co 3.9             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Ni/Co 3.9             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.8             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.7             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 27           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 30           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.8             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.8             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.9             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.9             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 26           ppm Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 23           ppm Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.7             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.7             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.9             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.9             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 29           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 32           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.9             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.9             Condie 1993 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 28 Ni 58           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.8             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Cr/Ni 1.8             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 26           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 28 Ni 29           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.8             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Ni/Co 1.8             Condie 1993 Sandstones 28 Ni 23           ppm Condie 1993 Sandstones 28 Ni 11           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 28 Ni 52           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 28 Ni 54           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 28 Ni 221           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 28 Ni 13           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 28 Ni 15           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 28 Ni 15           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Cr/Ni 1.8             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Cr/Ni 1.9             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 60           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 56           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Ni/Co 3.3             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Ni/Co 3.1             Condie 1993 Chert 28 Ni 19           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 DSDP/ODP Site 801 28 Ni 87           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 313           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Radiolarites 28 Ni 26           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 28 Ni 141           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Basalts 28 Ni 99         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts 28 Ni 153         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 28 Ni 130         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 28 Ni 102         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts 28 Ni 156         12 ppm Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts 28 Ni 64         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 28 Ni 191         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 28 Ni 252         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts 28 Ni 174         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Basalts 28 Ni 103         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 28 Ni 195         23 ppm Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 28 Ni 90         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 28 Ni 271         27 ppm Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts 28 Ni 481         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 28 Ni 153         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 28 Ni 86         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 28 Ni 74         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 28 Ni 138         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Basalts 28 Ni 153         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Kimberlite 28 Ni 1177         22 ppm Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Orangeite 28 Ni 1224         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 28 Ni 69         18 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 28 Ni 99         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 28 Ni 28         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 28 Ni 134         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 28 Ni 58         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 28 Ni 59         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 28 Ni 589         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 28 Ni 58         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Venus Core 28 Ni 6.6           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus Core 28 Ni 5.6           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus Core 28 Ni 5.5           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Amphibolites 28 Ni 103         189 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 28 Ni 19         2754 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 28 Ni 44         121 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 28 Ni 6         2038 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 28 Ni 6         50 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 41           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 56           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 57           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 46           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 38           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 73           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 40           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 35           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 64           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 28 Ni 49           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Diorite 28 Ni 34         260 ppm Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 28 Ni 50           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 28 Ni 46           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Granulites 28 Ni 37         137 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 28 Ni 10         972 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 28 Ni 6.2         1226 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 28 Ni 15         402 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 28 Ni 49           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 28 Ni 37           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 28 Ni 37           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 28 Ni 78           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 28 Ni 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Granulites 28 Ni 57         136 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulites 28 Ni 78         128 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Intrusions 28 Ni 98         308 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mavic Volcanics 28 Ni 75         632 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Metafelsic Volcanics 28 Ni 14         41 ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 47           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 39           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 44           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 38           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 21           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 28 Ni 36         1341 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 28 Ni 27         69 ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 28 Ni 49           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 28 Ni 43           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 28 Ni 50           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 28 Ni 37           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 28 Ni 40           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 38           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 47           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 45           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 28 Ni 49           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 28 Ni 29         553 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 28 Ni 16         641 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 28 Ni 36           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 28 Ni 26           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 28 Ni 49           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 28 Ni 37           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 28 Ni 33           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Allende Meteorite 28 Ni 15             Grossman & Wasson 1985 LL Ordinary Chondrites 28 Ni 9.75             Grossman & Wasson 1985 Orgueil Chondrite 28 Ni 10.1             Grossman et al. 1985 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 28 Ni 16.9             Grossman et al. 1985 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 28 Ni 0.01         41 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 28 Ni   100         ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 28 Ni 0.01         61 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 28 Ni 0.01         20 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 IAB Iron Meteorites 28 Ni 9.5           wt% Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IIAB Iron Meteorites 28 Ni 5.65           wt% Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IIIAB Iron Meteorites 28 Ni 8.33           wt% Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IVA Iron Meteorites 28 Ni 8.51           wt% Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IVB Iron Meteorites 28 Ni 17.13           wt% Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 N-MORB 28 Ni 149.5           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 ODP Site 735 28 Ni 138.1 112       22 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 28 Ni 174         8 ppm Hart et al. 1999 N-MORB 28 Ni 149.5         26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 2080           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Chassigny Achondrite 28 Ni 446           ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Treiman et al. 1986 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 10960           ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Dyalpur Ureilite 28 Ni 1110           ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976 Goalpara Ureilite 28 Ni 881           ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976 Havero Ureilite 28 Ni 1170           ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976 Havero Ureilite Vein Metal 28 Ni 2850           ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Kenna Ureilite 28 Ni 1740         1 ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Kenna Ureilite Vein Metal 28 Ni 2380           ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Novo-Urei Ureilite 28 Ni 1540           ppm Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976 Ureilite Rock Metal 28 Ni 5.2         5 wt% Janssens et al. 1987 Berkley & Jones 1982 Ureilite Vein Metal 28 Ni 5.6         5 wt% Janssens et al. 1987 Berkley & Jones 1982 Depleted Mantle 28 Ni 0.19             Jones & Drake 1986 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Aleutian Basalts 28 Ni 130.08         26 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andes Basalt 28 Ni 130.49         28 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 28 Ni 95.14         28 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Boninites 28 Ni 191.76         75 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascade Basalt 28 Ni 151.29         24 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Central American Basalts 28 Ni 245.05         29 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 28 Ni 137.89         52 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 28 Ni 158.74         146 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 28 Ni 135.24         46 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Greater Antilles Basalt 28 Ni 141.53         15 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Honshu Basalt 28 Ni 191.52         57 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 28 Ni 239.67         135 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 28 Ni 118.63         22 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Basalt 28 Ni 135.08         40 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kermadec Basalts 28 Ni 110         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Lesser Antilles Basalt 28 Ni 442.69         52 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Luzon Basalt 28 Ni 96.57         7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Marianas Basalt 28 Ni 128.3         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 New Hebrides Islands 28 Ni 131.72         18 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Scotia Island Basalt 28 Ni 84.67         15 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 28 Ni 4.8   0.2     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 28 Ni 17.2   0.3     86 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 28 Ni 516   15     17 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 28 Ni 42   1     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 28 Ni 41   3     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 28 Ni 11   3     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Tongan Basalts 28 Ni 182.22         9 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Australian Granite 28 Ni 2         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite 28 Ni 1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Australian Granite 28 Ni 8         1074 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Australian Granite 28 Ni 11         704 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Australian Granite 28 Ni 3         6 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Continental Crust 28 Ni 59           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Granites 28 Ni 12           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 28 Ni 15         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Island Arcs 28 Ni 13         323 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 33.5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Peninsular Range Batholith 28 Ni 12           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 28 Ni 14         355 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 47           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 150           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 112           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 120           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 28           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1995 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 99           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 968           ppm Kerr 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 87           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 75           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 97           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 58           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 264           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 122           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 61           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 62           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 72           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 30           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 102           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 723           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 28 Ni 182           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 E-MORB 28 Ni 91           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 28 Ni 137           ppm Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 MORB Basaltic Glass 28 Ni 72           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 28 Ni 80           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 28 Ni 41.4           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 28 Ni 71           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 28 Ni 119           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 28 Ni 81           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 28 Ni 120           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 N-MORB 28 Ni 123           ppm Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 28 Ni 115           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Marine Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 230           ppm Li 1982 Rivers 28 Ni 0.3           ppb Li 1982 Seawater 28 Ni 0.5           ppb Li 1982 Boyle 1976 Bruland 1980 Manganese Nodules 28 Ni 6600           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Marine Organisms 28 Ni 1.4           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 230           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 28 Ni 68           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Seawater 28 Ni 530             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 28 Ni 0.004         8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Amazon River Particulates 28 Ni 105           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amour River Particulates 28 Ni 82           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Colorado River Particulates 28 Ni 40           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Congo River Particulates 28 Ni 74           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Danube River Particulates 28 Ni 40           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Ganges River Particulates 28 Ni 80           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garonne River Particulates 28 Ni 33           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Lena River Particulates 28 Ni 147           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 MacKenzie River Particulates 28 Ni 22           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mekong River Particulates 28 Ni 99           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mississippi River Particulates 28 Ni 55           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Narbada River Particulates 28 Ni 85           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Niger River Particulates 28 Ni 120           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Ob River Particulates 28 Ni 124           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Orinoco River Particulates 28 Ni 30           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 River Particulates 28 Ni 90           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 St. Lawrence River Particulates 28 Ni 240           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Yemissei River Particulates 28 Ni 325           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Yukon River Particulates 28 Ni 136           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 1.374           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.277           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.27           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.22           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.2           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Ringwood 1979 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.23           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme & Nickel 1985 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Fe/Ni 18.1   1.4         McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Fe/Ni 17.2             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 10500           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 10800           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 10700           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 Core   Fe/Ni       16 16     McDonough & Sun 1995 Core 28 Ni       4.9 5.4   wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Core   Ni/Co       20.8 20.8     McDonough & Sun 1995 Core   Ni/P       10 11     McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Fe/Ni 16.5   0.8         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Fe/Ni 17.5   1.1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle   Fe/Ni 31.9             McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.27           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 1960   196       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.26           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Co 18.7             McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle   Ni/P 22             McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth   Fe/Ni 31.9             McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 28 Ni 0.25           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 28 Ni 0.27           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 28 Ni 1960   196       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 28 Ni 0.26           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 28 Ni 0.25           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth   Ni/Co 18.7             McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth   Ni/P 22             McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth   Fe/Ni       17.1 17.3     McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth 28 Ni       1.72 1.89   wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth   Ni/Co       20.7 20.6     McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth   Ni/P       10 11     McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   FeO/Ni 22             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 CI Chondrites   MgO/Ni 14.5             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 CI Chondrites   Ni/Co 22             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 CI Chondrites   Ni/Cr 4             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Garnet Peridotites 28 Ni 0.26           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Primitive Mantle   FeO/Ni 44             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   MgO/Ni 196             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.24           wt%ox McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Co 17             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Cr 0.64             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 South African Garnet Peridotites 28 Ni 0.29           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Boyd & Mertzman 1987 Spinel Peridotites   FeO/Ni 39 37 11     308   McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   MgO/Ni 190 190 33     308   McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 28 Ni 0.27           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Spinel Peridotites 28 Ni 2160 2140 304     308 ppm McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   Ni/Co 19.4 19.6 2.4     165   McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   Ni/Cr 0.86 0.79 0.31     308   McDonough 1990 Garnet Peridotites   Fe/Ni 26   9         McDonough 1991 Garnet Peridotites   MgO/Ni 199   44         McDonough 1991 Garnet Peridotites 28 Ni   0.27         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garnet Peridotites   Ni/Co 21   4         McDonough 1991 Garnet Peridotites   Ni/Cr 1.08   0.62         McDonough 1991 Garnet Peridotites   Ni/Ir 630000   290000         McDonough 1991 Komatiites   Fe/Ni 75             McDonough 1991 Komatiites   MgO/Ni 210             McDonough 1991 Komatiites   Ni/Co 12             McDonough 1991 Komatiites   Ni/Cr 0.5             McDonough 1991 Komatiites   Ni/Ir 1000000             McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Fe/Ni 31   4         McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   MgO/Ni 196   17         McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 28 Ni   0.26         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Ni/Co 19   1.3         McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Ni/Cr 0.82   0.35         McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Ni/Ir 515000   120000         McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle   Fe/Ni 35             McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle   MgO/Ni 197             McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni   0.24         wt%ox McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Co 18             McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Cr 0.72             McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle   Ni/Ir 570000             McDonough 1991 Spinel Peridotites   Fe/Ni 31   8         McDonough 1991 Spinel Peridotites   MgO/Ni 191   33         McDonough 1991 Spinel Peridotites 28 Ni   0.27         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   Ni/Co 20   4         McDonough 1991 Spinel Peridotites   Ni/Cr 0.86   0.31         McDonough 1991 Spinel Peridotites   Ni/Ir 600000   140000         McDonough 1991 Core 28 Ni 52000           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 28 Ni 1960           µg/g McDonough 1998 Solid Earth 28 Ni 188220           µg/g McDonough 1998 Core 28 Ni 5.2           wt% McDonough 2004 Core 28 Ni 5.4           wt% McDonough 2004 Core 28 Ni 5.2           wt% McDonough 2004 Core 28 Ni 5.2           wt% McDonough 2004 Mantle 28 Ni 0.2           wt% McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 28 Ni 1960           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 28 Ni 1.82           wt% McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 28 Ni 18200           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 28 Ni 1.87           wt% McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 28 Ni 1.82           wt% McDonough 2004 ALH 77005 Meteorite 28 Ni 290   85       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 28 Ni 58           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chassigny Meteorite 28 Ni 500   70       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Mars Core 28 Ni 7.7           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1997 Mars Core 28 Ni 7.2           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Sanloup 1999 Mars Core 28 Ni 8           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke & Dreibus 1988 Nakhla Meteorite 28 Ni 90           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 QUE 94201 Meteorite 28 Ni 20           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Shergotty Meteorite 28 Ni 79   12       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 28 Ni 13.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 ALH 84025 Brachinite 28 Ni 5.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a ALHA 77257 Urelite 28 Ni 0.89             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 28 Ni 0.82             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 28 Ni 15.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Angrite Angra Dos Reis 28 Ni 0.097             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Angrite LEW 87051 28 Ni 0.044             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Aubres Aubrite 28 Ni 0.161             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Barea Mesosiderite 28 Ni 1.224             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Binda Eucrite 28 Ni 0.0057             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Brachina Brachinite 28 Ni 1.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Nehru et al. 1983 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 28 Ni 17.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 D'Orbigny Angrite 28 Ni 0.091             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 EET 83309 Urelite 28 Ni 1.67             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b EET 84302 Acapulcoite 28 Ni 20.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Estherville Mesosiderite 28 Ni 1.042             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Frankfort Howardites 28 Ni 0.125             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Gibson Lodranite 28 Ni 8.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Havero Urelite 28 Ni 0.92             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 IAB Campo del Cielo 28 Ni 4.48             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Landes 28 Ni 12             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Udei Station 28 Ni 2.75             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Ibitira Eucrite 28 Ni 0.01             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Johnstown Diogenite 28 Ni 0.15             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Kapoeta Howardites 28 Ni 0.41             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 MAC 88177 Lodranite 28 Ni 2.16             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Macibini Eucrites 28 Ni 0.043             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b Malvern Howardites 28 Ni 0.19             Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 META 78008 Urelite 28 Ni 1.17             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Miles IIE Iron 28 Ni 9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Miles IIE Iron 28 Ni 6.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Mincy Mesosiderite 28 Ni 3.28             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Moore County Eucrite 28 Ni 0.0042             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 28 Ni 0.003             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 28 Ni 0.146             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Petersburg Eucrites 28 Ni 1.247             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Serra De Mage Eucrite 28 Ni 0.0118             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Shalka Diogenite 28 Ni 0.005             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Shallowater Aubrite 28 Ni 9.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Sioux County Eucrite 28 Ni 0.0017             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Stannern Eucrite 28 Ni 0             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Veramin Mesosiderite 28 Ni 2.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Watson IIE Iron 28 Ni 0.629             Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Winonaite Pontlyfni 28 Ni 23.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 28 Ni 12.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Y-791491 Lodranite 28 Ni 12.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Earth 28 Ni 2           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Eucrites 28 Ni 1.7           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 H Ordinary Chondrites 28 Ni 1.6           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Mason 1965 Igneous Rocks 28 Ni 3.5           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Juvinas Eucrite 28 Ni 1.1           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Moon 28 Ni 0.5           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 28 Ni 6           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Sera de Mage Eucrite 28 Ni 1           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 1.077   0.03231       wt% Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 1.1           wt% Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 6.23   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 Intra Stellar Medium 28 Ni 3.51   0.1755         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Solar Photosphere 28 Ni 6.25   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar System 28 Ni 6.23   0.623         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 28 Ni 10770   323.1       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 Continental Crust 28 Ni 105           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 1860   93       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 1860           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Continental Arc Xenoliths 28 Ni 2110 2066 282     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 28 Ni 0.22           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 28 Ni 0.09           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 28 Ni 0.11           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 28 Ni 0.27           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 28 Ni 0.03           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 28 Ni 0.06           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 28 Ni 0.18           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 28 Ni 2147 2135 263     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths 28 Ni 2152 2160 220     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 28 Ni 2579 2570 324     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Mantle Xenoliths 28 Ni 0.28           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 28 Ni 2262 2404 298     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 28 Ni 2410 2399 187     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.28           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.23           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.27           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Alaska Trench 28 Ni 40.7           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aleutian Trench 28 Ni 46           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andaman Trench 28 Ni 63.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 28 Ni 41.4         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Ashy Clay 28 Ni 213.8         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 28 Ni 247.7         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 28 Ni 106.1         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate 28 Ni 49.2         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 28 Ni 42         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cascadia Trench 28 Ni 47.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 28 Ni 86           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 28 Ni 18.8         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 28 Ni 27.8         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Clastic Turbidites 28 Ni 47.5         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 28 Ni 20.4           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatom Oozes & Clay 28 Ni 31.7         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 28 Ni 46.7         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 28 Ni 204.5         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 28 Ni 44.5         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 800 28 Ni 111.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 28 Ni 87.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 East Sunda Trench 28 Ni 63.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Green Clay 28 Ni 47.5         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Hydrothermal Sediment 28 Ni 189.2         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 28 Ni 17.5         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 28 Ni 29.7         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 28 Ni 234         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Izu-Bonin Trench 28 Ni 52.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 28 Ni 66.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 28 Ni 91.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kamchatka Trench 28 Ni 20.1           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kerm Trench 28 Ni 118.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kuriles Trench 28 Ni 66.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Makran Trench 28 Ni 98.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marianas Trench 28 Ni 99.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metalliferous Clay 28 Ni 420.5         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mexico Trench 28 Ni 170.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nankai Trench 28 Ni 37.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nanno Ooze 28 Ni 30.5         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 28 Ni 42.6         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Antilles Trench 28 Ni 73.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 393.8         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 112.8         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 3.6         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 313         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 332.3         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 3.6         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 28 Ni 37.8         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Peru Trench 28 Ni 97.4           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Philip Trench 28 Ni 180.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 28 Ni 169         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 28 Ni 169         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 28 Ni 147.2         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 28 Ni 26.3         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 28 Ni 33.6         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ryuku Trench 28 Ni 353.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silicified Limestone 28 Ni 24           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 28 Ni 125.4         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Antilles Trench 28 Ni 58.1           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Sandwich Trench 28 Ni 31.7           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Subducted Sediment 28 Ni 70.5   14.73       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 28 Ni 57.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonga Trench 28 Ni 251.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 28 Ni 36.5         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 28 Ni 52.3         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Vanuatu Trench 28 Ni 49.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Sediment 28 Ni 33.8         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 28 Ni 140.6         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 28 Ni 202.3         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oceans Deep water 28 Ni 566           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980 Oceans Surface water 28 Ni 146           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980 Seawater 28 Ni 480           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980 Active Continental Rifts 28 Ni 71           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 28 Ni 43           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Terrains 28 Ni 77           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 28 Ni 59           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 28 Ni 98           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 66           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 51           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 28 Ni 88           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 28 Ni 55           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Archean Granulites 28 Ni 20 15       263 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 28 Ni 16 8       128 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 28 Ni 71 46       88 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 28 Ni 76 52       30 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 28 Ni 35 24       69 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Archean Granulites 28 Ni 227 112       84 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 28 Ni 150 105       175 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 28 Ni 126 80       61 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 28 Ni 25           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 28 Ni 53           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 28 Ni 32           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 28 Ni 53           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 28 Ni 52 33       52 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 33           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 28 Ni 71           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 28 Ni 42           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 28 Ni 49           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 28 Ni 98           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 28 Ni 105           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 28 Ni 35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 28 Ni 51           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 28 Ni 46           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 58           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 156           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 99           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 141           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 80           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 347           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 33.5   0.7       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 44           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 60           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 47   11       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Granulites 28 Ni 57 25       319 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 28 Ni 89 27       491 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites 28 Ni 137 83       239 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Depleted Mantle 28 Ni 1960   196       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 CO Chondrites 28 Ni 3.9   0.7     106 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 CO Chondrites 28 Ni 4.7   2.6     8 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 CO Chondrites 28 Ni 3.4   0.4     36 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 CO Chondrites 28 Ni 5.2   2.2     6 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Archean Canadian Shield 28 Ni 90           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Archean Canadian Shield 28 Ni 23           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Archean Lower Crust 28 Ni 58           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Archean Terrains 28 Ni 40           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Shaw et al. 1967 Basic Precambrian Granulites 28 Ni 173         25 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 28 Ni 54           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 28 Ni 58         26 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 89           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 35           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Post-Archean Terrrains 28 Ni 12           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Precambrian Canadian Shield 28 Ni 19           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Precambrian Granulites 28 Ni 89         88 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 28 Ni 41         23 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 28 Ni 275         14 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 20           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Archean Terrains 28 Ni 130           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 28 Ni 105           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 105           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Island Arcs 28 Ni 30           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 135           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 20           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 20           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Low Si-Mg Mantle 28 Ni 0.28           wt% Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Mantle 28 Ni 0.26           wt% Walter 2004 Mantle 28 Ni 0.26     0.24 0.28   wt% Walter 2004 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt% Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.23           wt% Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Pyrolites 28 Ni 0.25           wt% Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Pyrolites 28 Ni 0.2           wt% Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Xenolites 28 Ni 0.27           wt% Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Andean Andesites 28 Ni 27           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Archean Amphibolites 28 Ni 20           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Continental Crust 28 Ni 35           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 28 Ni 30           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Granulites 28 Ni 58           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 20           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 28 Ni 2071   72     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 28 Ni 2040   117     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Continental Crust 28 Ni 64.4           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Oceanic Crust 28 Ni 144           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Crust 28 Ni 149           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 1990           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 2060           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 1950           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Continental Crust 28 Ni 56           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Greywackes 28 Ni 24           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 99           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites 28 Ni 19           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 18.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Depleted D-MORB basalts 28 Ni 0.24           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene 28 Ni 0.06           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Olivine 28 Ni 0.36           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene 28 Ni 0.09           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Spinel 28 Ni 0.24           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Primitive Mantle 28 Ni 0.25           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995