GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

GERM Database Search Results        
Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s)
Active Continental Rifts 41 Nb 6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Active Continental Rifts 41 Nb 14           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Alaska Trench 41 Nb 7.41           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Aleutian Basalts 41 Nb 4.05         17 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Aleutian Trench 41 Nb 7.74           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
ALH 77005 Meteorite 41 Nb 0.65   0.11       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
ALH 84001 Meteorite 41 Nb 0.42           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Allende Meteorite 41 Nb 0.65           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974
Amphibolites 41 Nb 8.7         189 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Andaman Trench 41 Nb 10.09           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Andean Andesites 41 Nb 10           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981
Andes Basalt 41 Nb 11.76         24 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Andesites 41 Nb 9           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 41 Nb 8           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 41 Nb 8           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 41 Nb 6.1           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 41 Nb 8.5           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 41 Nb 6           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 41 Nb 8           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 41 Nb 4.95         21 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Andesites 41 Nb 4.14         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988
Antilles Trench   Nb/Al2O3 1.05         3   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Stolz et al. 1996
Antilles Trench   Nb/Ta 16.4         3   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Stolz et al. 1996
Archean Amphibolites 41 Nb 6           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981
Archean Lower Crust 41 Nb 5           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Weaver & Tarney 1984
Archean Terrains 41 Nb 7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Arenaceous Rocks 41 Nb 13.5         2754 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Arenaceous Rocks 41 Nb 11.5         121 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Ashy Clay 41 Nb 4.83         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Australian Granite 41 Nb 9.8         13 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Inger & Harris 1993
Australian Granite 41 Nb 13         704 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992
Australian Granite 41 Nb 11         1074 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988
Australian Granite 41 Nb 24.5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982
Australian Granite 41 Nb 1.3         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985
Australian Granite 41 Nb 22         6 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 41 Nb 0.05   0.01     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 41 Nb 0.05   0.02     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Basalts 41 Nb 5           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 41 Nb 4.5           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 41 Nb 5           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 41 Nb 4.5           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 41 Nb 105         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998
Basalts 41 Nb 7         12 ppm Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986
Basalts 41 Nb 62.4         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997
Basalts 41 Nb 4           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 41 Nb 5           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 41 Nb 5.5           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 41 Nb 30         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts 41 Nb 16         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001
Basalts 41 Nb 45         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts 41 Nb 82         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000
Basalts 41 Nb 14         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997
Basalts 41 Nb 14         27 ppm Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002
Basalts 41 Nb 69         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995
Basalts 41 Nb 91         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000
Basalts 41 Nb 90.7         23 ppm Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995
Basalts 41 Nb 24         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997
Basalts 41 Nb 40         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998
Basalts 41 Nb 69         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999
Basalts 41 Nb 20         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992
Basalts 41 Nb 43         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997
Basalts 41 Nb 74         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000
Basic Precambrian Granulites 41 Nb 10         25 ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Boninites 41 Nb 2.17         31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Brown Clay 41 Nb 8.06         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Brown Clay 41 Nb 8.9         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate 41 Nb 0.79         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites 41 Nb 5.4         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites   Nb/Al2O3 0.79   0.2     46   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites   Nb/Ta 11.9   1.1     8   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonates 41 Nb         1 162 ppm Mirota & Veizer 1994
Carbonates 41 Nb 4.1         50 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Carbonates 41 Nb 5.3         2038 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Cascade Basalt 41 Nb 6.7         21 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Cascadia Trench 41 Nb 10           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central America Trench 41 Nb 1.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central American Basalts 41 Nb 7.03         29 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Central East China Craton   La/Nb 2.88             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   La/Nb 2.85             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   La/Nb 2.85             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   La/Nb 3.58             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   La/Nb 2.95             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   La/Nb 3.17             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   La/Nb 3.07             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   La/Nb 2.86             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 10.3           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 8           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 41 Nb 12           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Nb/Ta 17.9             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Nb/Ta 16.7             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Nb/Ta 16.5             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Nb/Ta 14.7             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Nb/Ta 17.3             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Nb/Ta 17.5             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Nb/Ta 17.4             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Nb/Ta 19.5             Gao et al. 1998
Chassigny Meteorite 41 Nb 0.34   0.03       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Chert 41 Nb 3.02         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert 41 Nb 6.74         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert 41 Nb 6.7           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 1.39   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 0.246           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 247   7.41       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 246   3.4     2 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 240           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 0.352           ppm McDonough et al. 1992
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 246           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 270           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
CI Chondrites 41 Nb 0.247   0.00741       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993
Jochum et al. 2000
CI Chondrites   Nb/Ta 17.6             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun & McDonough 1989
Sun 1982
Clastic Turbidites 41 Nb 10         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Colombia Trench 41 Nb 2.08           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Arc Andesite 41 Nb 6.23         135 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arc Andesite 41 Nb 7.94         34 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arcs 41 Nb 11           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Arcs 41 Nb 5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust   La/Nb 1.5             Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a
Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981
Continental Crust 41 Nb 17.6           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991
Continental Crust 41 Nb 8.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Crust 41 Nb 13           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984
Continental Crust 41 Nb 20           ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Continental Crust 41 Nb 19           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 12           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986
Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984
Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964
Continental Crust 41 Nb 18           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.019           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 7.08           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 74.8           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 83.9           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.006           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.085           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.229           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 1.46           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.5           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.002           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.061           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.071           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.116           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.027           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.006           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.015           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 2.66           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 15.9           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.64           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Johnson et al. 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 4.98           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 41 Nb 34.4           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999
Continental Shields & Platforms 41 Nb 11           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Shields & Platforms 41 Nb 5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Core 41 Nb 0           µg/g McDonough 1998
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 1.5           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.232           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 14           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.19           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gergoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.109           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 10.6           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 3.9           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 1024           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 1278           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.901           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.005           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.665           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.706           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 1318           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 0.581           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 41 Nb 5.36           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Depleted D-MORB basalts   La/Nb 1.1             Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted D-MORB basalts   Nb/Ta 15.19             Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted D-MORB basalts   Nb/U 44.4             Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted Mantle 41 Nb 0.351           ppm Rehkamper & Hofmann 1997
Depleted Mantle 41 Nb 0.1485     0.1277 0.1671   ppm Workman & Hart 2005
Depleted Mantle 41 Nb 210   73.5       ppb Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle 41 Nb 0.0864           ppm Workman & Hart 2005
Diatom Oozes & Clay 41 Nb 4.56         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Clay 41 Nb 9         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Mud 41 Nb 5.03         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Ooze 41 Nb 5.55         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diorite 41 Nb 27.7         260 ppm Gao et al. 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 800 41 Nb 9.46           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 801 41 Nb 12.6           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
DSDP/ODP Site 801 41 Nb 12.62           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
E-MORB 41 Nb 11.2           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
Early Archean Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 62             Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 69             Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust 41 Nb 8.5           ppm Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust 41 Nb 8.4           ppm Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 12             Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 12             Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.93             Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.88             Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 16             Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 17             Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 58             Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 61             Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 11.2           ppm Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 12.1           ppm Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.82             Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.86             Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 15             Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 16             Condie 1993
East China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
East China Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
East Sunda Trench 41 Nb 8.74           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle 41 Nb 0.2462           ppm Workman & Hart 2005
Felsic Archean Granulites 41 Nb 8 5       232 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Granulites 41 Nb 9.2         137 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 41 Nb 13 8       78 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Volcanics 41 Nb 16           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 41 Nb 10           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 41 Nb 13           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 41 Nb 13.5         972 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Volcanics 41 Nb 15           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 41 Nb 20           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 41 Nb 18           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 41 Nb 21           ppm Condie 1993
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   La/Nb 1.2             Salters & Stracke 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 41 Nb 6.04         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   Nb/Ta 14.73             Salters & Stracke 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   Nb/U 45.74             Salters & Stracke 2004
Granites 41 Nb 17.9         1226 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Granites 41 Nb 13.7         402 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Granites 41 Nb 3.73         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001
Granites 41 Nb 12           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995
Granites 41 Nb 21           ppm Condie 1993
Granites 41 Nb 12           ppm Condie 1993
Granites 41 Nb 20           ppm Condie 1993
Granulites 41 Nb 9 6       430 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990
Granulites 41 Nb 14 19       189 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990
Granulites 41 Nb 5           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982
Granulitic Xenolites 41 Nb 11 5       127 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990
Graywackes 41 Nb 10           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 41 Nb 10           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 41 Nb 10           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 41 Nb 10           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 41 Nb 12           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 41 Nb 11           ppm Condie 1993
Greater Antilles Basalt 41 Nb 3.51         14 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Green Clay 41 Nb 9         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Greywackes 41 Nb 8.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Honshu Basalt 41 Nb 11.8         21 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Hydrothermal Sediment 41 Nb 2.37         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interior North China Craton 41 Nb 12           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 41 Nb 8.7           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interlayerd Clay & Chert 41 Nb 4         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Chert & Limestone 41 Nb 3.1         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Clay & Chert 41 Nb 7.39         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Intermediate Granulites 41 Nb 9.2         136 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 41 Nb 7.5 7       76 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 41 Nb 10 7       15 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 41 Nb 11 8       37 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 41 Nb 13         26 ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Island Arc Andesite 41 Nb 4.08         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arc Andesite 41 Nb 3.99         129 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arcs 41 Nb 6.7         323 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998
Island Arcs 41 Nb 11           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Izu-Bonin Trench 41 Nb 3.87           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Japan Trench 41 Nb 7.67           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Java Trench 41 Nb 10.92           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kamchatka Basalt 41 Nb 2.9         32 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Kamchatka Trench 41 Nb 4.23           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kerm Trench 41 Nb 9.46           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kermadec Basalts 41 Nb 2.3         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Kimberlite 41 Nb 239         22 ppm Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994
Komatiites 41 Nb 0.7           ppm Condie 1993
Kuriles Trench 41 Nb 7.67           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Late Archean Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 64             Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 69             Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust 41 Nb 8.3           ppm Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust 41 Nb 8.5           ppm Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 12             Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 12             Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.98             Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.93             Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 17             Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 18             Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 57             Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 60             Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 12.4           ppm Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 11.6           ppm Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.86             Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.82             Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 14             Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 15             Condie 1993
Lesser Antilles Basalt 41 Nb 4.79         52 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Lower Continental Crust   La/Nb 1.6             Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 7.75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 4           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 14           ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 11.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 10           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Luzon Basalt 41 Nb 5.05         11 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Mafic Archean Granulites 41 Nb 6 5       71 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Granulites 41 Nb 10.62         128 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 41 Nb 9 4       102 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Intrusions 41 Nb 12.4         308 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 41 Nb 9 6       33 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Makran Trench 41 Nb 11.71           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Manganese Nodules 41 Nb 50           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988
Marianas Basalt 41 Nb 3.81         14 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Marianas Trench 41 Nb 11.04           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Marine Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 14           ppm Li 1982
Marine Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 14           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Marine Sediments   Nb/Al2O3 0.94   0.32     8   Plank & Langmuir 1998 McLennan et al. 1990
Marine Shales 41 Nb 11           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Mavic Volcanics 41 Nb 17.8         632 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Melitite-rich Chondrules 41 Nb 3.7     1.9 5.1 10 ppm Martin & Mason 1974
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 41 Nb 7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 41 Nb 15           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 41 Nb 13           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 41 Nb 7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 60             Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 62             Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 11.5           ppm Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 12.2           ppm Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.83             Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.78             Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 14             Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 15             Condie 1993
Metafelsic Volcanics 41 Nb 12         41 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Metalliferous Clay 41 Nb 13.2         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 41 Nb 21 14       29 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mexico Trench 41 Nb 9.58           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Middle Continental Crust   La/Nb 2.2             Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 10           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 8.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994
Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998
Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 10   2       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 64             Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 60             Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 11           ppm Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 11.9           ppm Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.87             Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.85             Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 15             Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 16             Condie 1993
MORB Basaltic Glass 41 Nb 4.89           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
MORB Basaltic Glass 41 Nb 3.06           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
MORB Basaltic Glass 41 Nb 5.13           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
N-MORB 41 Nb 3.507           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988
Ito et al. 1987
Smith et al. 1995
Hauri & Hart 1997
N-MORB 41 Nb 5.02           ppm Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980
N-MORB 41 Nb 2.99           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999
N-MORB 41 Nb 3.08           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
N-MORB 41 Nb 3.507   1.932     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988
N-MORB 41 Nb 1.07           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
Nakhla Meteorite 41 Nb 1.57           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Nankai Trench 41 Nb 14.31           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nanno Ooze 41 Nb 1         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nano Ooze 41 Nb 1.66         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
New Hebrides Islands 41 Nb 1.83         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
North American Shale Composite (NASC) 41 Nb 13           ppm Condie 1993
North Antilles Trench 41 Nb 18.33           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 15           ppm Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 17           ppm Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 12           ppm Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 16           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 41 Nb         0.001 8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980
Oceanic Crust 41 Nb 11           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981
Oceanic Crust 41 Nb 3.5           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.23           ppm Kerr 2004 Reynaud et al. 1999
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.89           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 2.02           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.78           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 2.5           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 2.16           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 8           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 3.32           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.65           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 4.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.35           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 121.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.52           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 5           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.64           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.27           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 3.4           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.48           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 5.8           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.77           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 11           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.17           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.57           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.73           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1995
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.37           ppm Kerr 2004
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 4.16           ppm Kerr 2004 Reynaud et al. 1999
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 3.33           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.87           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 8.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1995
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 0.8           ppm Kerr 2004
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.62           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.47           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.31           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 7           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 2.74           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.21           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 5.7           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 1.13           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 4.29           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 41 Nb 4.3           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996
Oceans Surface water 41 Nb         10   ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Carlisle & Hummerstone 1958
ODP Site 735 41 Nb 1.695 0.8       22 ppm Hart et al. 1999
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 41 Nb 1.22           ppm Staudigel et al. 1996
Olivine Chondrules 41 Nb 0.77     0.54 0.89 3 ppm Martin & Mason 1974
Orangeite 41 Nb 115         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995
Orgueil Chondrite 41 Nb 250           ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982
Orgueil Chondrite 41 Nb 246         2 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989
Paleozoic Orogens 41 Nb 6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Orogens 41 Nb 11           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 59             Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust   Ba/Nb 58             Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 12.3           ppm Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust 41 Nb 11.6           ppm Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.77             Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust   Th/Nb 0.82             Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 15             Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust   Zr/Nb 14             Condie 1993
Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 13.1           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 9.31         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 13.11         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 9.31         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 13.31         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 13.48         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 14.31         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 41 Nb 13.33         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay   Nb/Al2O3 0.93   0.19     25   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay   Nb/Al2O3 0.795   0.1     9   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay   Nb/Ta 12.6   1.6     7   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay   Nb/Ta 21.8   4.3     9   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelites 41 Nb 15.2         69 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Pelites 41 Nb 18.2         1341 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Peninsular Range Batholith 41 Nb 9           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995
Peru Trench 41 Nb 3.85           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 41 Nb 11         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 41 Nb 14         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 41 Nb 15         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 41 Nb 9         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 41 Nb 6         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 41 Nb 13.7         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 41 Nb 17         18 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 41 Nb 27         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997
Philip Trench 41 Nb 4.51           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Precambrian Canadian Shield 41 Nb 26           ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Precambrian Granulites 41 Nb 14         88 ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Primitive Mantle   La/Nb 1             Gao et al. 1998 Hofmann 1988
Primitive Mantle 41 Nb 0.6           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle 41 Nb 588   117.6       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle 41 Nb 0.44           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991
Primitive Mantle 41 Nb 0.6           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Primitive Mantle 41 Nb 0.6175           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986
Primitive Mantle 41 Nb 658   98.7       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
Primitive Mantle 41 Nb 0.618           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988
Primitive Mantle 41 Nb 0.9           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979
Primitive Mantle   Nb/Ta 17.6             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun & McDonough 1989
Sun 1982
Primitive Mantle   Nb/Ta 17.6             Gao et al. 1998 Hofmann 1988
Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 41 Nb 0.596         8 ppm Hart et al. 1999
QUE 94201 Meteorite 41 Nb 0.68           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Radiolarian Clay 41 Nb 10.59         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay 41 Nb 7.73         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay 41 Nb 10.59         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites 41 Nb 4         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites 41 Nb 4           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
Radiolarites 41 Nb 4.61         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites   Nb/Al2O3 1.07   0.29     7   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites   Nb/Ta 15.5   2.9     7   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Red Clay   Nb/Al2O3 1.01         1   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Red Clay   Nb/Ta 15.3         1   Plank & Langmuir 1998
REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 41 Nb 1.7     0.94 2.6 5 ppm Martin & Mason 1974
REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 41 Nb 5.5     1.9 9.1 2 ppm Martin & Mason 1974
Rifted Continental Margins 41 Nb 5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Rifted Continental Margins 41 Nb 13           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Ryuku Trench 41 Nb 13.17           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sandstones 41 Nb 4.1           ppm Condie 1993
Sandstones 41 Nb 4           ppm Condie 1993
Sandstones 41 Nb 3.7           ppm Condie 1993
Scotia Island Basalt 41 Nb 6.71         16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Seawater 41 Nb 1           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Carlisle & Hummerstone 1958
Seawater 41 Nb         5e-05     Broeker & Peng 1982
Seawater 41 Nb 0.01           ppb Li 1982
Seawater 41 Nb 10             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987
Brewer 1975
Seawater 41 Nb         50     Bruland 1983
Shales 41 Nb 16.8           ppm Condie 1993
Shales 41 Nb 11.3           ppm Condie 1993
Shales 41 Nb 15.4           ppm Condie 1993
Shergotty Meteorite 41 Nb 4.6           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Silicate Earth 41 Nb 0.6175           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988
Silicate Earth 41 Nb 0.66           ppm McDonough 2004
Silicate Earth 41 Nb 658   98.7       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth 41 Nb 0.56           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Silicate Earth 41 Nb 0.66           µg/g McDonough 1998
Silicate Earth 41 Nb 0.713           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982
Sun & McDonough 1989
McDonough & Frey 1989
Silicic Precambrian Granulites 41 Nb 16         23 ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Silicified Limestone 41 Nb 2.44           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Silty Mud 41 Nb 10         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Solar Photosphere 41 Nb 1.42   0.06         Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar Photosphere 41 Nb 1.42   0.06         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998
Solar System 41 Nb 0.9             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982
Solar System 41 Nb 0.698   0.0098     2   Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar System 41 Nb 0.71   0.0994     9   Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solid Earth 41 Nb 0.44           ppm McDonough 2004
Solid Earth 41 Nb 0.44           µg/g McDonough 1998
South Antilles Trench 41 Nb 21.32           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 41 Nb 12           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 12           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 13           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 14           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 41 Nb 12           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Sandwich Trench 41 Nb 4.56           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Spinel Peridotites 41 Nb 4.8 2.7 6.3     58 ppm McDonough 1990
Spinel Peridotites   Nb/Ta 17 17 3     4   McDonough 1990
Subducted Sediment 41 Nb 8.94   0.94       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Subducted Sediment   Nb/Al2O3 0.898   0.06     130   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Subducted Sediment   Nb/Ta 14.2   1.8     50   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sumatra Trench 41 Nb 11.26           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 1.9   0     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 2.407   0.131     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 3.6   0.4     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 0.749   0.19     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 0.399   0.019     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 1.8   0     17 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 2.407   0.04     42 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 1.882   0.468     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 4.2   0.2     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 1.9   0.2     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 4.2   0     86 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 41 Nb 0.096   0.011     16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Terrigenous Sediments   Nb/Al2O3 0.602   0.12     31   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Terrigenous Sediments   Nb/Ta 13.5   2.4     15   Plank & Langmuir 1998
Tonalites 41 Nb 8.8           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 41 Nb 6.4         355 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 41 Nb 7.5           ppm Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 41 Nb 8           ppm Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 41 Nb 9           ppm Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 41 Nb 7.3         553 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 41 Nb 13         641 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Tonga Trench 41 Nb 8.44           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Tongan Basalts 41 Nb 5.88         6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 41 Nb 5.15           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
Turbidites 41 Nb 7.15         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Turbidites 41 Nb 11.31         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 41 Nb 14         14 ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Upper Continental Crust   Ba/Nb 64             Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust   Ba/Nb 61             Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust   La/Nb 1.2             Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 9.8           ppm Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 13.7   0.92       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 25           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 26           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967
Shaw et al. 1976
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12   1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text









Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 13.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 10.3           ppm Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 25           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 3           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995
Smith et al. 1995
Hart & Staudigel 1989
Staudigel et al. 1989
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 25           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 9.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust   Nb/Ta 13             Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust   Nb/Ta 12             Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust   Th/Nb 0.88             Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust   Th/Nb 0.88             Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust   Zr/Nb 16             Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust   Zr/Nb 16             Condie 1993
Vanuatu Trench 41 Nb 1.99           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Sediment 41 Nb 1.76         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites 41 Nb 23.7           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
Volcanoclastic Turbidites 41 Nb 17.51         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites 41 Nb 23.75         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Yangtze Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 41 Nb 12           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 41 Nb 11           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 41 Nb 10           ppm Gao et al. 1998
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