GERM Reservoir Database
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GERM Database Search Results
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===========
Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Reference
===========
Default
Units ...
=======
ppm
ppb
ppt
wt%
wt%ox
=======
Default
Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Info
Reference
Source(s)
Active Continental Rifts
41
Nb
6
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Active Continental Rifts
41
Nb
14
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Alaska Trench
41
Nb
7.41
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Aleutian Basalts
41
Nb
4.05
17
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Aleutian Trench
41
Nb
7.74
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
ALH 77005 Meteorite
41
Nb
0.65
0.11
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
ALH 84001 Meteorite
41
Nb
0.42
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Allende Meteorite
41
Nb
0.65
wt%ox
Martin & Mason 1974
Amphibolites
41
Nb
8.7
189
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Andaman Trench
41
Nb
10.09
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Andean Andesites
41
Nb
10
ppm
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Bailey 1981
Andes Basalt
41
Nb
11.76
24
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Andesites
41
Nb
9
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
41
Nb
8
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
41
Nb
8
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
41
Nb
6.1
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
41
Nb
8.5
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
41
Nb
6
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
41
Nb
8
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
41
Nb
4.95
21
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Andesites
41
Nb
4.14
50
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Plank & Langmuir 1988
Antilles Trench
Nb/Al2O3
1.05
3
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Stolz et al. 1996
Antilles Trench
Nb/Ta
16.4
3
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Stolz et al. 1996
Archean Amphibolites
41
Nb
6
ppm
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Weaver & Tarney 1981
Archean Lower Crust
41
Nb
5
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Archean Terrains
41
Nb
7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Arenaceous Rocks
41
Nb
13.5
2754
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Arenaceous Rocks
41
Nb
11.5
121
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Ashy Clay
41
Nb
4.83
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Australian Granite
41
Nb
9.8
13
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Inger & Harris 1993
Australian Granite
41
Nb
13
704
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Chappell & White 1992
Australian Granite
41
Nb
11
1074
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Wormald & Price 1988
Australian Granite
41
Nb
24.5
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Collins et al. 1982
Australian Granite
41
Nb
1.3
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Whalen 1985
Australian Granite
41
Nb
22
6
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Turner et al. 1992
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites
41
Nb
0.05
0.01
14
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites
41
Nb
0.05
0.02
18
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Basalts
41
Nb
5
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
41
Nb
4.5
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
41
Nb
5
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
41
Nb
4.5
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
41
Nb
105
16
ppm
Farmer 2004
Rogers et al. 1998
Basalts
41
Nb
7
12
ppm
Farmer 2004
Dungan et al. 1986
Basalts
41
Nb
62.4
8
ppm
Farmer 2004
Zhang & O'Reilly 1997
Basalts
41
Nb
4
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
41
Nb
5
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
41
Nb
5.5
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
41
Nb
30
3
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts
41
Nb
16
10
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung et al. 2001
Basalts
41
Nb
45
5
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts
41
Nb
82
16
ppm
Farmer 2004
Jung & Hoernes 2000
Basalts
41
Nb
14
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Conticelli et al. 1997
Basalts
41
Nb
14
27
ppm
Farmer 2004
Farmer et al. 2002
Basalts
41
Nb
69
3
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung et al. 1995
Basalts
41
Nb
91
8
ppm
Farmer 2004
Marzoli et al. 2000
Basalts
41
Nb
90.7
23
ppm
Farmer 2004
Paslick et al. 1995
Basalts
41
Nb
24
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Price et al. 1997
Basalts
41
Nb
40
9
ppm
Farmer 2004
Hoang & Flower 1998
Basalts
41
Nb
69
4
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung 1999
Basalts
41
Nb
20
13
ppm
Farmer 2004
Robert et al. 1992
Basalts
41
Nb
43
44
ppm
Farmer 2004
Baker et al. 1997
Basalts
41
Nb
74
6
ppm
Farmer 2004
Marzoli et al. 2000
Basic Precambrian Granulites
41
Nb
10
25
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Boninites
41
Nb
2.17
31
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Brown Clay
41
Nb
8.06
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Brown Clay
41
Nb
8.9
29
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate
41
Nb
0.79
13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites
41
Nb
5.4
87
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites
Nb/Al2O3
0.79
0.2
46
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites
Nb/Ta
11.9
1.1
8
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonates
41
Nb
1
162
ppm
Mirota & Veizer 1994
Carbonates
41
Nb
4.1
50
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Carbonates
41
Nb
5.3
2038
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Cascade Basalt
41
Nb
6.7
21
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Cascadia Trench
41
Nb
10
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central America Trench
41
Nb
1.8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central American Basalts
41
Nb
7.03
29
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Central East China Craton
La/Nb
2.88
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
La/Nb
2.85
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
La/Nb
2.85
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
La/Nb
3.58
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
La/Nb
2.95
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
La/Nb
3.17
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
La/Nb
3.07
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
La/Nb
2.86
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
10.3
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
8
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
41
Nb
12
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Nb/Ta
17.9
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Nb/Ta
16.7
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Nb/Ta
16.5
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Nb/Ta
14.7
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Nb/Ta
17.3
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Nb/Ta
17.5
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Nb/Ta
17.4
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Nb/Ta
19.5
Gao et al. 1998
Chassigny Meteorite
41
Nb
0.34
0.03
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Chert
41
Nb
3.02
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert
41
Nb
6.74
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert
41
Nb
6.7
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
1.39
0.04
Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
0.246
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
247
7.41
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
246
3.4
2
ppb
Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
240
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
0.352
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
246
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Palme 1988
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
270
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
CI Chondrites
41
Nb
0.247
0.00741
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Palme & Beer 1993
Jochum et al. 2000
CI Chondrites
Nb/Ta
17.6
McDonough 1990
McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun & McDonough 1989
Sun 1982
Clastic Turbidites
41
Nb
10
28
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Colombia Trench
41
Nb
2.08
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Arc Andesite
41
Nb
6.23
135
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arc Andesite
41
Nb
7.94
34
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arcs
41
Nb
11
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Arcs
41
Nb
5
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
La/Nb
1.5
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
41
Nb
11
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998a
Continental Crust
41
Nb
11
ppm
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Continental Crust
41
Nb
17.6
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1991
Continental Crust
41
Nb
8.5
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Crust
41
Nb
13
ppm
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Continental Crust
41
Nb
20
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Continental Crust
41
Nb
19
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
11
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
12
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
19
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
20
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1986
Continental Crust
41
Nb
8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
13
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Continental Crust
41
Nb
8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
41
Nb
8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
20
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor 1964
Continental Crust
41
Nb
18
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust
41
Nb
11
ppm
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.019
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
7.08
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov et al. 1997
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
74.8
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov et al. 1997
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
83.9
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.006
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.085
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.229
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
1.46
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.5
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.002
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.061
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.071
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.116
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.027
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.2
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.006
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.015
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
2.66
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
15.9
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Glaser et al. 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.64
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Johnson et al. 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
4.98
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
41
Nb
34.4
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Glaser et al. 1999
Continental Shields & Platforms
41
Nb
11
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Shields & Platforms
41
Nb
5
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Core
41
Nb
0
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
1.5
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.232
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
14
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.19
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gergoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.109
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
10.6
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
3.9
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
1024
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
1278
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.901
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.005
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.665
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.706
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
1318
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
0.581
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
41
Nb
5.36
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Depleted D-MORB basalts
La/Nb
1.1
Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted D-MORB basalts
Nb/Ta
15.19
Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted D-MORB basalts
Nb/U
44.4
Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted Mantle
41
Nb
0.351
ppm
Rehkamper & Hofmann 1997
Depleted Mantle
41
Nb
0.1485
0.1277
0.1671
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005
Depleted Mantle
41
Nb
210
73.5
ppb
Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle
41
Nb
0.0864
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005
Diatom Oozes & Clay
41
Nb
4.56
15
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Clay
41
Nb
9
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Mud
41
Nb
5.03
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Ooze
41
Nb
5.55
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diorite
41
Nb
27.7
260
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 800
41
Nb
9.46
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 801
41
Nb
12.6
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
DSDP/ODP Site 801
41
Nb
12.62
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
E-MORB
41
Nb
11.2
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Early Archean Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
62
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
69
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
41
Nb
8.5
ppm
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
41
Nb
8.4
ppm
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
12
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
12
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.93
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.88
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
16
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
17
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
58
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
61
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
11.2
ppm
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
12.1
ppm
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.82
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.86
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
15
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
16
Condie 1993
East China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
East China Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
East Sunda Trench
41
Nb
8.74
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle
41
Nb
0.2462
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005
Felsic Archean Granulites
41
Nb
8
5
232
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Granulites
41
Nb
9.2
137
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites
41
Nb
13
8
78
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Volcanics
41
Nb
16
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
41
Nb
10
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
41
Nb
13
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
41
Nb
13.5
972
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Volcanics
41
Nb
15
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
41
Nb
20
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
41
Nb
18
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
41
Nb
21
ppm
Condie 1993
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
La/Nb
1.2
Salters & Stracke 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
41
Nb
6.04
20
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
Nb/Ta
14.73
Salters & Stracke 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
Nb/U
45.74
Salters & Stracke 2004
Granites
41
Nb
17.9
1226
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Granites
41
Nb
13.7
402
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Granites
41
Nb
3.73
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Kemp 2001
Granites
41
Nb
12
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Granites
41
Nb
21
ppm
Condie 1993
Granites
41
Nb
12
ppm
Condie 1993
Granites
41
Nb
20
ppm
Condie 1993
Granulites
41
Nb
9
6
430
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Granulites
41
Nb
14
19
189
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Granulites
41
Nb
5
ppm
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Weaver & Tarney 1982
Granulitic Xenolites
41
Nb
11
5
127
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Graywackes
41
Nb
10
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
41
Nb
10
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
41
Nb
10
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
41
Nb
10
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
41
Nb
12
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
41
Nb
11
ppm
Condie 1993
Greater Antilles Basalt
41
Nb
3.51
14
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Green Clay
41
Nb
9
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Greywackes
41
Nb
8.4
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Honshu Basalt
41
Nb
11.8
21
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Hydrothermal Sediment
41
Nb
2.37
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interior North China Craton
41
Nb
12
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
41
Nb
8.7
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interlayerd Clay & Chert
41
Nb
4
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Chert & Limestone
41
Nb
3.1
5
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Clay & Chert
41
Nb
7.39
12
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Intermediate Granulites
41
Nb
9.2
136
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites
41
Nb
7.5
7
76
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites
41
Nb
10
7
15
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites
41
Nb
11
8
37
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Precambrian Granulites
41
Nb
13
26
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Island Arc Andesite
41
Nb
4.08
20
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arc Andesite
41
Nb
3.99
129
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arcs
41
Nb
6.7
323
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Silver & Chappell 1998
Island Arcs
41
Nb
11
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Izu-Bonin Trench
41
Nb
3.87
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Japan Trench
41
Nb
7.67
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Java Trench
41
Nb
10.92
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kamchatka Basalt
41
Nb
2.9
32
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Kamchatka Trench
41
Nb
4.23
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kerm Trench
41
Nb
9.46
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kermadec Basalts
41
Nb
2.3
10
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Kimberlite
41
Nb
239
22
ppm
Farmer 2004
Taylor et al. 1994
Komatiites
41
Nb
0.7
ppm
Condie 1993
Kuriles Trench
41
Nb
7.67
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Late Archean Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
64
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
69
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
41
Nb
8.3
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
41
Nb
8.5
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
12
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
12
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.98
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.93
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
17
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
18
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
57
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
60
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
12.4
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
11.6
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.86
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.82
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
14
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
15
Condie 1993
Lesser Antilles Basalt
41
Nb
4.79
52
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Lower Continental Crust
La/Nb
1.6
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
13
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Taylor 1987
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
5.6
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1994
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
5
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
5.6
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
6.4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Liu et al. 2001
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
15
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Villaseca et al. 1999
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
7.75
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Condie & Selverstone 1999
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
5
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
5
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
4
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
14
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
5
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
6
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
11.3
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
11
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
10
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998a
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
6.7
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust
41
Nb
5
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Luzon Basalt
41
Nb
5.05
11
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Mafic Archean Granulites
41
Nb
6
5
71
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Granulites
41
Nb
10.62
128
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites
41
Nb
9
4
102
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Intrusions
41
Nb
12.4
308
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites
41
Nb
9
6
33
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Makran Trench
41
Nb
11.71
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Manganese Nodules
41
Nb
50
ppm
Li 1991
Baturin 1988
Marianas Basalt
41
Nb
3.81
14
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Marianas Trench
41
Nb
11.04
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Marine Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
14
ppm
Li 1982
Marine Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
14
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Marine Sediments
Nb/Al2O3
0.94
0.32
8
Plank & Langmuir 1998
McLennan et al. 1990
Marine Shales
41
Nb
11
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Mavic Volcanics
41
Nb
17.8
632
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Melitite-rich Chondrules
41
Nb
3.7
1.9
5.1
10
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions
41
Nb
7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions
41
Nb
15
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens
41
Nb
13
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens
41
Nb
7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
60
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
62
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
11.5
ppm
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
12.2
ppm
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.83
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.78
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
14
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
15
Condie 1993
Metafelsic Volcanics
41
Nb
12
41
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Metalliferous Clay
41
Nb
13.2
12
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites
41
Nb
21
14
29
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mexico Trench
41
Nb
9.58
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Middle Continental Crust
La/Nb
2.2
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
41
Nb
8
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
41
Nb
10
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust
41
Nb
8.7
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1994
Middle Continental Crust
41
Nb
8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
41
Nb
11
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998
Middle Continental Crust
41
Nb
10
2
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust
41
Nb
6
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
64
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
60
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
11
ppm
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
11.9
ppm
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.87
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.85
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
15
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
16
Condie 1993
MORB Basaltic Glass
41
Nb
4.89
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
MORB Basaltic Glass
41
Nb
3.06
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
MORB Basaltic Glass
41
Nb
5.13
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
N-MORB
41
Nb
3.507
ppm
Hart et al. 1999
Hofmann 1988
Ito et al. 1987
Smith et al. 1995
Hauri & Hart 1997
N-MORB
41
Nb
5.02
ppm
Klein 2004
Thompson et al. 1980
N-MORB
41
Nb
2.99
ppm
Klein 2004
Niu et al. 1999
N-MORB
41
Nb
3.08
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
N-MORB
41
Nb
3.507
1.932
26
ppm
Hofmann 1988
Jochum et al. 1988
N-MORB
41
Nb
1.07
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Nakhla Meteorite
41
Nb
1.57
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Nankai Trench
41
Nb
14.31
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nanno Ooze
41
Nb
1
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nano Ooze
41
Nb
1.66
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
New Hebrides Islands
41
Nb
1.83
20
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
North American Shale Composite (NASC)
41
Nb
13
ppm
Condie 1993
North Antilles Trench
41
Nb
18.33
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
15
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
14
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
17
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
12
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
16
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites
41
Nb
0.001
8
wt%ox
Manheim et al. 1980
Oceanic Crust
41
Nb
11
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1981
Oceanic Crust
41
Nb
3.5
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Hofmann 1988
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.23
ppm
Kerr 2004
Reynaud et al. 1999
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.89
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
2.02
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.78
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
2.5
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
2.16
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
8
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
3.32
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.65
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
4.9
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.35
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
121.9
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.52
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
5
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.64
ppm
Kerr 2004
Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.27
ppm
Kerr 2004
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
3.4
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.48
ppm
Kerr 2004
Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
5.8
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.77
ppm
Kerr 2004
Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
11
ppm
Kerr 2004
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.17
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.57
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.73
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1995
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.37
ppm
Kerr 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
4.16
ppm
Kerr 2004
Reynaud et al. 1999
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
3.33
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.87
ppm
Kerr 2004
Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
8.9
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1995
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
0.8
ppm
Kerr 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.62
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.47
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.31
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
7
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
2.74
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.21
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
5.7
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
1.13
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
4.29
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
41
Nb
4.3
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 1996
Oceans Surface water
41
Nb
10
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Carlisle & Hummerstone 1958
ODP Site 735
41
Nb
1.695
0.8
22
ppm
Hart et al. 1999
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418
41
Nb
1.22
ppm
Staudigel et al. 1996
Olivine Chondrules
41
Nb
0.77
0.54
0.89
3
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Orangeite
41
Nb
115
114
ppm
Farmer 2004
Mitchell 1995
Orgueil Chondrite
41
Nb
250
ppb
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Orgueil Chondrite
41
Nb
246
2
ppb
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Paleozoic Orogens
41
Nb
6
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Orogens
41
Nb
11
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
59
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
Ba/Nb
58
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
12.3
ppm
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
41
Nb
11.6
ppm
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.77
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
Th/Nb
0.82
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
15
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
Zr/Nb
14
Condie 1993
Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
13.1
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
9.31
56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
13.11
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
9.31
56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
13.31
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
13.48
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
14.31
55
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
41
Nb
13.33
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
Nb/Al2O3
0.93
0.19
25
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
Nb/Al2O3
0.795
0.1
9
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
Nb/Ta
12.6
1.6
7
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
Nb/Ta
21.8
4.3
9
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelites
41
Nb
15.2
69
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Pelites
41
Nb
18.2
1341
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Peninsular Range Batholith
41
Nb
9
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Peru Trench
41
Nb
3.85
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
41
Nb
11
9
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wooden et al. 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
41
Nb
14
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wooden et al. 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
41
Nb
15
6
ppm
Farmer 2004
Lightfoot et al. 1990
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
41
Nb
9
1
ppm
Farmer 2004
Peate 1997
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
41
Nb
6
1
ppm
Farmer 2004
Peate 1997
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
41
Nb
13.7
36
ppm
Farmer 2004
Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
41
Nb
17
18
ppm
Farmer 2004
Lightfoot et al. 1990
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
41
Nb
27
1
ppm
Farmer 2004
Peate 1997
Philip Trench
41
Nb
4.51
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Precambrian Canadian Shield
41
Nb
26
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Precambrian Granulites
41
Nb
14
88
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Primitive Mantle
La/Nb
1
Gao et al. 1998
Hofmann 1988
Primitive Mantle
41
Nb
0.6
ppm
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle
41
Nb
588
117.6
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle
41
Nb
0.44
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1991
Primitive Mantle
41
Nb
0.6
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Primitive Mantle
41
Nb
0.6175
ppm
Hofmann 1988
Hart & Zindler 1986
Primitive Mantle
41
Nb
658
98.7
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Primitive Mantle
41
Nb
0.618
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Hofmann 1988
Primitive Mantle
41
Nb
0.9
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Jagoutz et al. 1979
Primitive Mantle
Nb/Ta
17.6
McDonough 1990
McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun & McDonough 1989
Sun 1982
Primitive Mantle
Nb/Ta
17.6
Gao et al. 1998
Hofmann 1988
Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735
41
Nb
0.596
8
ppm
Hart et al. 1999
QUE 94201 Meteorite
41
Nb
0.68
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Radiolarian Clay
41
Nb
10.59
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay
41
Nb
7.73
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay
41
Nb
10.59
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites
41
Nb
4
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites
41
Nb
4
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Radiolarites
41
Nb
4.61
17
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites
Nb/Al2O3
1.07
0.29
7
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites
Nb/Ta
15.5
2.9
7
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Red Clay
Nb/Al2O3
1.01
1
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Red Clay
Nb/Ta
15.3
1
Plank & Langmuir 1998
REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions
41
Nb
1.7
0.94
2.6
5
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions
41
Nb
5.5
1.9
9.1
2
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Rifted Continental Margins
41
Nb
5
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Rifted Continental Margins
41
Nb
13
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Ryuku Trench
41
Nb
13.17
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sandstones
41
Nb
4.1
ppm
Condie 1993
Sandstones
41
Nb
4
ppm
Condie 1993
Sandstones
41
Nb
3.7
ppm
Condie 1993
Scotia Island Basalt
41
Nb
6.71
16
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Seawater
41
Nb
1
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Carlisle & Hummerstone 1958
Seawater
41
Nb
5e-05
Broeker & Peng 1982
Seawater
41
Nb
0.01
ppb
Li 1982
Seawater
41
Nb
10
Li 1991
Whitfield & Turner 1987
Brewer 1975
Seawater
41
Nb
50
Bruland 1983
Shales
41
Nb
16.8
ppm
Condie 1993
Shales
41
Nb
11.3
ppm
Condie 1993
Shales
41
Nb
15.4
ppm
Condie 1993
Shergotty Meteorite
41
Nb
4.6
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Silicate Earth
41
Nb
0.6175
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Hofmann 1988
Silicate Earth
41
Nb
0.66
ppm
McDonough 2004
Silicate Earth
41
Nb
658
98.7
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth
41
Nb
0.56
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Silicate Earth
41
Nb
0.66
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Silicate Earth
41
Nb
0.713
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Sun 1982
Sun & McDonough 1989
McDonough & Frey 1989
Silicic Precambrian Granulites
41
Nb
16
23
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Silicified Limestone
41
Nb
2.44
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Silty Mud
41
Nb
10
16
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Solar Photosphere
41
Nb
1.42
0.06
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar Photosphere
41
Nb
1.42
0.06
Palme & Jones 2004
Grevesse & Sauval 1998
Solar System
41
Nb
0.9
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Cameron 1982
Solar System
41
Nb
0.698
0.0098
2
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar System
41
Nb
0.71
0.0994
9
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solid Earth
41
Nb
0.44
ppm
McDonough 2004
Solid Earth
41
Nb
0.44
µg/g
McDonough 1998
South Antilles Trench
41
Nb
21.32
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
41
Nb
12
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
12
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
13
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
14
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
41
Nb
12
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Sandwich Trench
41
Nb
4.56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Spinel Peridotites
41
Nb
4.8
2.7
6.3
58
ppm
McDonough 1990
Spinel Peridotites
Nb/Ta
17
17
3
4
McDonough 1990
Subducted Sediment
41
Nb
8.94
0.94
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Subducted Sediment
Nb/Al2O3
0.898
0.06
130
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Subducted Sediment
Nb/Ta
14.2
1.8
50
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sumatra Trench
41
Nb
11.26
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
1.9
0
31
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
2.407
0.131
13
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
3.6
0.4
7
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
0.749
0.19
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
0.399
0.019
31
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
1.8
0
17
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
2.407
0.04
42
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
1.882
0.468
7
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
4.2
0.2
13
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
1.9
0.2
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
4.2
0
86
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
41
Nb
0.096
0.011
16
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Terrigenous Sediments
Nb/Al2O3
0.602
0.12
31
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Terrigenous Sediments
Nb/Ta
13.5
2.4
15
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Tonalites
41
Nb
8.8
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
41
Nb
6.4
355
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Martin 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
41
Nb
7.5
ppm
Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
41
Nb
8
ppm
Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
41
Nb
9
ppm
Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
41
Nb
7.3
553
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
41
Nb
13
641
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Tonga Trench
41
Nb
8.44
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Tongan Basalts
41
Nb
5.88
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
41
Nb
5.15
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Turbidites
41
Nb
7.15
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Turbidites
41
Nb
11.31
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites
41
Nb
14
14
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Upper Continental Crust
Ba/Nb
64
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
Ba/Nb
61
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
La/Nb
1.2
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
9.8
ppm
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
13.7
0.92
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
12
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
25
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
26
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
26
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1967
Shaw et al. 1976
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
12
1
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
see text
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
26
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
12
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
13.7
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
10.3
ppm
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
25
ppm
Taylor et al. 1983
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
3
ppm
Hart et al. 1999
Staudigel et al. 1995
Smith et al. 1995
Hart & Staudigel 1989
Staudigel et al. 1989
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
25
ppm
Weaver & Tarney 1984
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
12
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
9.8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
41
Nb
12
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust
Nb/Ta
13
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
Nb/Ta
12
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
Th/Nb
0.88
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
Th/Nb
0.88
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
Zr/Nb
16
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
Zr/Nb
16
Condie 1993
Vanuatu Trench
41
Nb
1.99
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Sediment
41
Nb
1.76
15
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
41
Nb
23.7
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
41
Nb
17.51
43
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
41
Nb
23.75
13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Yangtze Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton
41
Nb
12
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton
41
Nb
11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton
41
Nb
10
ppm
Gao et al. 1998