GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

GERM Database Search Results        
Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s)
Seawater 48 Cd 0.0007             Broeker & Peng 1982
Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 48 Cd 0.005         41 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966
Rivers 48 Cd 0.01           ppb Li 1982 Boyle et al. 1982
Depleted Mantle 48 Cd 0.014   0.0042       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004
Silicate Earth 48 Cd 0.04           ppm McDonough 2004
Silicate Earth 48 Cd 0.04           µg/g McDonough 1998
Middle Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.061           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998
Middle Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.061           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Seawater 48 Cd 0.07           ppb Li 1982 Boyle 1976
Bruland 1980
Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.075           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967
Shaw et al. 1976
Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.079           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.08           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.08           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a
Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.08           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Solid Earth 48 Cd 0.08           µg/g McDonough 1998
Solid Earth 48 Cd 0.08           ppm McDonough 2004
Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.09   0.01       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text








Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.097           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a
Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.098           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.098           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Gao et al. 1998a
Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.101           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.101           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.102           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.102           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Core 48 Cd 0.15           ppm McDonough 2004
Core 48 Cd 0.15           µg/g McDonough 1998
Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964
Marine Shales 48 Cd 0.3           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Marine Shales 48 Cd 0.3           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Oceans Surface water 48 Cd 0.3           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980
Marine Pelagic Clay 48 Cd 0.42           ppm Li 1982
Marine Pelagic Clay 48 Cd 0.42           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 0.68   0.068       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 0.686           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989
Seawater 48 Cd 0.7     0.001 1.1     Bruland 1983
Marine Organisms 48 Cd 0.72           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979
MacKenzie River Particulates 48 Cd 0.81           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979
Goalpara Ureilite 48 Cd 1           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
River Particulates 48 Cd 1           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979
Central East China Craton   Se/Cd 1.04             Gao et al. 1998
Pacific Ocean Deep Water 48 Cd 1.1             Bruland 1983
Mississippi River Particulates 48 Cd 1.4           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979
Central East China Craton   Se/Cd 1.42             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Se/Cd 1.51             Gao et al. 1998
Solar System 48 Cd 1.55             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982
Kapoeta Howardite 48 Cd 1.6           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Solar System 48 Cd 1.61   0.1047     30   Anders & Grevesse 1989
Central East China Craton   Se/Cd 1.64             Gao et al. 1998
Intra Stellar Medium 48 Cd 1.67   0.167         Palme & Jones 2004 Sofia et al. 1999
Solar System 48 Cd 1.69   0.10985     24   Anders & Ebihara 1982
Stannern Trend Eucrites 48 Cd 1.7           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Central East China Craton   Se/Cd 1.71             Gao et al. 1998
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 1.75   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004
Solar Photosphere 48 Cd 1.77   0.11         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998
Solar System 48 Cd 1.77   0.531         Palme & Jones 2004
Bialystok Howardite 48 Cd 1.8           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Solar Photosphere 48 Cd 1.8   0.15         Anders & Grevesse 1989
Central East China Craton   Se/Cd 1.89             Gao et al. 1998
Manganese Nodules 48 Cd 10           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988
Marine Phosphorites   Zn/Cd 10             Altschuller 1980
Oulad Abdoun Basin 48 Cd 10         4 ppm Altschuller 1980
Sera de Mage Eucrite 48 Cd 10           ppb Morgan et al. 1978
Continental Crust 48 Cd 100           ppb Wedepohl 1995
Pelites 48 Cd 100         1341 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 102           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Primitive Mantle   Zn/Cd 1020000             Hofmann & White 1983 Ganapathy & Anders 1974
Carbonates 48 Cd 105         2038 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Havero Ureilite Vein Metal 48 Cd 105           ppb Janssens et al. 1987
Amphibolites 48 Cd 114         189 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Oceans Deep water 48 Cd 117           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980
Kenna Ureilite 48 Cd 12.8         1 ppb Janssens et al. 1987
Mafic Granulites 48 Cd 121         128 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Primitive Mantle   Zn/Cd 126000             Hofmann & White 1983
Novo-Urei Ureilite 48 Cd 13           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
Carbonates 48 Cd 130         50 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Mavic Volcanics 48 Cd 130         632 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Chassigny Meteorite 48 Cd 14           ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Chassigny Achondrite 48 Cd 14.8           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Treiman et al. 1986
Washougal Howardite 48 Cd 15           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Bone Valley Formation 48 Cd 16         8 ppm Altschuller 1980
Marine Phosphorites 48 Cd 18 18   0 40 8 ppm Altschuller 1980
Mekong River Particulates 48 Cd 2           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979
ALH 77005 Meteorite 48 Cd 2.1           ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Havero Ureilite 48 Cd 20           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
Pungo River Formation 48 Cd 20         2 ppm Altschuller 1980
Kenna Ureilite Vein Metal 48 Cd 20.2           ppb Janssens et al. 1987
Monterey Formation 48 Cd 200         5 ppm Altschuller 1980
Primitive Mantle   Zn/Cd 210000             Hofmann & White 1983 Larimer 1971
Dyalpur Ureilite 48 Cd 22           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
Primitive Mantle   Zn/Cd 270000             Hofmann & White 1983 Smith 1977
Shergotty Meteorite 48 Cd 28   16       ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Juvinas Eucrite 48 Cd 29           ppb Morgan et al. 1978
Jonzac Eucrite 48 Cd 3           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Constantinople Eucrite 48 Cd 3.5           ppb Laul et al. 1972
North American Shale Composite (NASC) 48 Cd 30           ppb Morgan et al. 1978
Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk 48 Cd 30         38 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970
Marine Shales   Zn/Cd 300             Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Granites 48 Cd 33         402 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Primitive Mantle   Zn/Cd 350000             Hofmann & White 1983 Sun & Nesbitt 1977
Primitive Mantle   Zn/Cd 370000             Hofmann & White 1983 Ringwood & Kesson 1977
Phosphoria Formation 48 Cd 40         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966
Primitive Mantle 48 Cd 40   12       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth 48 Cd 40   12       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
Spinel Peridotites 48 Cd 41 37 14     16 ppb McDonough 1990
Shergotty Shergottite 48 Cd 44           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Sera de Mage Eucrite 48 Cd 5.3           ppb Morgan et al. 1978 Laul et al. 1972
Sera de Mage Eucrite 48 Cd 5.3           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Yangtze Craton 48 Cd 50           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Granites 48 Cd 56         1226 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Granulites 48 Cd 58         137 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 48 Cd 58         553 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 60           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 61           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Volcanics 48 Cd 64         972 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Primitive Mantle 48 Cd 64           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle 48 Cd 64           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004
Juvinas Eucrite 48 Cd 65           ppb Morgan et al. 1978 Morgan & Lovering 1973
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 650           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 48 Cd 66         641 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 48 Cd 67           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Orgueil Chondrite 48 Cd 673         17 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 680   68       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004
Orgueil Chondrite 48 Cd 680         21 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 686   44.6     30 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989
Igneous Rocks 48 Cd 7.1           ppb Morgan et al. 1978
Kapoeta Howardite 48 Cd 7.6           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Seawater 48 Cd 70           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980
Yangtze Craton 48 Cd 70           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Nakhla Nakhlite 48 Cd 71           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Zagami Shergottite 48 Cd 71           ppb Laul et al. 1972
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 710           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 720           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Anders & Ebihara 1982
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 75           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 75           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 75           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Precambrian Canadian Shield 48 Cd 75           ppb Shaw et al. 1986
East China Craton 48 Cd 76           ppb Gao et al. 1998
ALH 84001 Meteorite 48 Cd 77           ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Arenaceous Rocks 48 Cd 77         2754 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 48 Cd 77           ppb Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 77           ppb Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 77           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 48 Cd 77           ppb Gao et al. 1998
CI Chondrites 48 Cd 770           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988
North Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 78           ppb Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 78           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 48 Cd 78           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 79           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Seawater 48 Cd 79             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987
Bereba Eucrite 48 Cd 8.7           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Interior North China Craton 48 Cd 80           ppb Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 81           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 48 Cd 81           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 83           ppb Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 48 Cd 83           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Arenaceous Rocks 48 Cd 86         121 ppb Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 86           ppb Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 48 Cd 86           ppb Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 48 Cd 86           ppb Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 48 Cd 87           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Molteno Howardite 48 Cd 88           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Diorite 48 Cd 89         260 ppb Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 89           ppb Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 89           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 48 Cd 90           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 48 Cd 91           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Lafayette Nakhlite 48 Cd 92           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Pelites 48 Cd 92         69 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Primitive Mantle   Zn/Cd 920000             Hofmann & White 1983 Palme et al. 1981
Nakhla Meteorite 48 Cd 93   31       ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Metafelsic Volcanics 48 Cd 94         41 ppb Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 48 Cd 94           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Intrusions 48 Cd 96         308 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 48 Cd 97           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust 48 Cd 98           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 48 Cd 98           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 98           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
South Qinling Belt in China 48 Cd 98           ppb Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 98           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
Intermediate Granulites 48 Cd 99         136 ppb Gao et al. 1998
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   Zn/Cd   125900 2400     137   Hofmann & White 1983
Fresh MORB in Atlantic Ocean   Zn/Cd   128000 3300     78   Hofmann & White 1983
Fresh MORB in Pacific Ocean   Zn/Cd   123100 3800     54   Hofmann & White 1983
Ocean Island Basalts   Zn/Cd   94000 2800     18   Hofmann & White 1983
Pacific Ocean Surface Water 48 Cd       0.001 0.002     Bruland 1983
Phosphoria Formation 48 Cd         0.005 61 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 48 Cd         0.005 20 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966
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