GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

GERM Database Search Results        
Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s)
Active Continental Rifts 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Active Continental Rifts 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Alaska Trench 64 Gd 3.61           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Aldan River   Ti/Gd 69.6             Godfrey et al. 1996
Aleutian Basalts 64 Gd 2.28         12 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Aleutian Trench 64 Gd 4.31           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
ALH 77005 Meteorite 64 Gd 0.92           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
ALH 84001 Meteorite 64 Gd 0.14           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
ALHA 77257 Urelite 64 Gd 12.4           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Spitz & Boynton 1991
ALHA 81101 Urelite 64 Gd 10.4           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Spitz & Boynton 1991
Allende Meteorite 64 Gd 0.42           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974
Andaman Trench 64 Gd 3.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Andes Basalt 64 Gd 4.79         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Andesites 64 Gd 3.61         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Andesites 64 Gd 4.94           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 64 Gd 4.14           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 64 Gd 4.15           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 64 Gd 4.59           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 64 Gd 4.54           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 64 Gd 4.65           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 64 Gd 5.17           ppm Condie 1993
Andesites 64 Gd 3.37         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988
Apure River   Ti/Gd 93.8             Godfrey et al. 1996
Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.14           ppm Condie 1991
Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Ashy Clay 64 Gd 6.73         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.85         6   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992
Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.47         8   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985
Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.25             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982
Australian Granite 64 Gd 4         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985
Australian Granite 64 Gd 7.52         6 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992
Australian Granite 64 Gd 12.4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 64 Gd 0.26   0.03     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 64 Gd 0.33   0.21     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Basalts 64 Gd 4.01           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 64 Gd 4.03           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 64 Gd 4.52           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 64 Gd 3.26           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 64 Gd 4.22           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 64 Gd 3.57           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 64 Gd 3.84           ppm Condie 1993
Basalts 64 Gd 6.92         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999
Basalts 64 Gd 8.03         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000
Basalts 64 Gd 7.09         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992
Basalts 64 Gd 12         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a
Basalts 64 Gd 5.56         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts 64 Gd 4.69         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts 64 Gd 3.53         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001
Basalts 64 Gd 8.43         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000
Basalts 64 Gd 6.97         27 ppm Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002
Basalts 64 Gd 7.75         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000
Basalts 64 Gd 6.08         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997
Basalts 64 Gd 6.75         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997
Binda Eucrite 64 Gd 355           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Boninites 64 Gd 0.92         55 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Brown Clay 64 Gd 11.65         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Brown Clay 64 Gd 12.28         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate 64 Gd 2.63         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites 64 Gd 2.5         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Cascade Basalt 64 Gd 3.37         11 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Cascadia Trench 64 Gd 4.53           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central America Trench 64 Gd 3.04           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central American Basalts 64 Gd 3.46         29 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Chassigny Meteorite 64 Gd 0.11           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Chert 64 Gd 3.37         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert 64 Gd 2.3           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
Chert 64 Gd 2.33         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 204   10.2       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.293           ppm McDonough et al. 1992
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 196.6   2.75     4 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.204   0.0102       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.1966           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 199           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 1.08   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 197           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 204           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.205           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Beer et al. 1984
Jochum et al. 1986
CI Chondrites 64 Gd 197   9.259     6 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982 Evensen et al. 1978
Clastic Turbidites 64 Gd 4.53         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Colombia Trench 64 Gd 3.34           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Congo River Particulates 64 Gd 2.5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979
Continental Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.92         26 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.55         107 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arcs 64 Gd 3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Arcs 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.61             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964
Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.3           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.3           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991
Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 64 Gd 3300           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.016           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.052           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.09           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.004           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.85           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.052           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.004           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.36           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.001           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.52           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.47           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 6.53           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.042           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 6.22           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Johnson et al. 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 78.8           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 3.35           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.99           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 1.68           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996
Continental Shields & Platforms 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Shields & Platforms 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Core 64 Gd 0           µg/g McDonough 1998
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.324           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.67           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Stachel et al. 1998
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.673           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 1.4           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.718           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.079           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.23           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 19.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gergoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.54           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.543           ppm Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.25           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002
Depleted D-MORB basalts   Ti/Gd 2020             Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted Mantle 64 Gd 0.395   0.0395       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted Mantle 64 Gd 0.358     0.332 0.379   ppm Workman & Hart 2005
Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle 64 Gd 0.324           ppm Workman & Hart 2005
Diatom Oozes & Clay 64 Gd 2.29         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Clay 64 Gd 3.8         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Mud 64 Gd 4.38         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Ooze 64 Gd 4.14         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 800 64 Gd 4.02           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 801 64 Gd 4.37           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 801 64 Gd 4.4           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
E-MORB 64 Gd 5.26           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
Early Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.47           ppm Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.58           ppm Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.92           ppm Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.24           ppm Condie 1993
East Sunda Trench 64 Gd 5.27           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
EET 84302 Acapulcoite 64 Gd 310           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999
Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle 64 Gd 0.397           ppm Workman & Hart 2005
Felsic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4 2.7       32 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 7.7 4.4       7 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.72           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.26           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 5.8           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 5.72           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.72           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.87           ppm Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.37           ppm Condie 1993
Ferruginous Clay 64 Gd 7.88         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Frankfort Howardites 64 Gd 860           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972
Palme et al. 1978
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 64 Gd 4.04         27 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   Ti/Gd 1937             Salters & Stracke 2004
Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 64 Gd 3.49           ppm Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991
Garnet Peridotites 64 Gd   0.35         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975
Jordan 1979
Boyd 1989
McDonough 1990
Garonne River Particulates 64 Gd 6.1           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979
Gibson Lodranite 64 Gd 260           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999
Goalpara Ureilite 64 Gd 5   1       ppb Boynton et al. 1976
Granites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.15         8   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001
Granites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 2.72             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995
Granites 64 Gd 7.63           ppm Condie 1993
Granites 64 Gd 2.34         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001
Granites 64 Gd 5.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995
Granites 64 Gd 4.67           ppm Condie 1993
Granites 64 Gd 8.17           ppm Condie 1993
Granulites 64 Gd 7.2 4.12       63 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990
Granulites 64 Gd 5.88 3.46       99 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990
Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.58 3.26       71 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990
Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 64 Gd 3.69           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 64 Gd 3.69           ppm Condie 1993
Graywackes 64 Gd 4.54           ppm Condie 1993
Greater Antilles Basalt 64 Gd 3.09         6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Green Clay 64 Gd 4.4         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Greywackes 64 Gd 4           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Havero Urelite 64 Gd 25           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972
Hydrothermal Sediment 64 Gd 27.91         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Ibitira Eucrite 64 Gd 1970           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990
Barrat et al. 2000
Interlayerd Clay & Chert 64 Gd 4.5         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Chert & Limestone 64 Gd 2.07         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Clay & Chert 64 Gd 33.72         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4.4 3.5       24 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.1 2.8       18 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4.9 4.1       20 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Island Arc Andesite 64 Gd             ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.1         134 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arcs 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Izu-Bonin Trench 64 Gd 5.46           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Japan Trench 64 Gd 5.03           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Java Trench 64 Gd 6.23           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Johnstown Diogenite 64 Gd 240           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977
Kamchatka Basalt 64 Gd 3.49         41 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Kamchatka Trench 64 Gd 3.33           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kapoeta Howardites 64 Gd 1250           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972
Kerm Trench 64 Gd 16.32           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kolymar River   Ti/Gd 68.9             Godfrey et al. 1996
Komatiites 64 Gd 0.96           ppm Condie 1993
Kuriles Trench 64 Gd 5.03           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Late Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.74           ppm Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.58           ppm Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.92           ppm Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.24           ppm Condie 1993
Lena River   Ti/Gd 72.2             Godfrey et al. 1996
Lesser Antilles Basalt 64 Gd 2.98         45 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Lower Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.7             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 6.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Luzon Basalt 64 Gd 3.38         8 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
MAC 88177 Lodranite 64 Gd 130           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999
Macibini Eucrites 64 Gd 2300           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973
Buchanan et al. 2000b
Mafic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 5.5 3.9       16 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.06 2.71       63 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 6.9 4.7       21 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Makran Trench 64 Gd 7.23           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Manganese Nodules 64 Gd 32           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988
Haynes et al. 1986
Marianas Basalt 64 Gd 3.47         36 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Marianas Trench 64 Gd 4.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Marine Apatites 64 Gd       4 20 13 ppm Altschuller 1980
Marine Apatites 64 Gd 12.8         13 ppm Altschuller 1980
Marine Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 13           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Rankin & Glasby 1979
Marine Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 7.8           ppm Li 1982 Piper 1974
Marine Shales 64 Gd 6         36 ppm Altschuller 1980 Hermann 1970
Marine Shales 64 Gd 5.2           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Haskin & Haskin 1966
Mekong River Particulates 64 Gd 5.3           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979
Melitite-rich Chondrules 64 Gd 3.1     2.2 4 10 ppm Martin & Mason 1974
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 64 Gd 4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.81           ppm Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.11           ppm Condie 1993
Metalliferous Clay 64 Gd 73.33         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 6.88 7.2       15 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mexico Trench 64 Gd 8.19           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Middle Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.5             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994
Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.19           ppm Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.85           ppm Condie 1993
Moore County Eucrite 64 Gd 1260           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
N-MORB 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
N-MORB 64 Gd 5.077   1.853     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988
N-MORB 64 Gd 2.44           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
N-MORB 64 Gd 3.97           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999
Nakhla Meteorite 64 Gd 0.86   0.08       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Nankai Trench 64 Gd 5.13           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nanno Ooze 64 Gd 2.865         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nano Ooze 64 Gd 2.59         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
New Hebrides Islands 64 Gd 2.86         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
North American Shale Composite (NASC) 64 Gd 5.2           ppm Condie 1993
North Antilles Trench 64 Gd 5.09           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
North Atlantic Ocean Deep Water 64 Gd 7.19             Bruland 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1983
North Atlantic Ocean Surface Water 64 Gd 3.41             Bruland 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1983
North Pacific Ocean Deep Water 64 Gd 5.8             Bruland 1983 Masuda & Ikeuchi 1979
Novo-Urei Ureilite 64 Gd 20   2       ppb Boynton et al. 1976
Oceanic Crust 64 Gd 4.6           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.87           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.76           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.94           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.54           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.14           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.51           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 0           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.39           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.87           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 8.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.58           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.67           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.46           ppm Kerr 2004 Reynaud et al. 1999
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.07           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.5           ppm Kerr 2004
Oceans Deep water 64 Gd 0.82           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982
Oceans Surface water 64 Gd 0.54           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 64 Gd 3.65           ppm Staudigel et al. 1996
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Staudigel et al. 1995
Olivine Chondrules 64 Gd 0.75     0.46 1.1 3 ppm Martin & Mason 1974
Orangeite 64 Gd 11.4         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995
Orgueil Chondrite 64 Gd 199         7 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989
Orgueil Chondrite 64 Gd 196         5 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982
Orinoco River   Ti/Gd 91.4             Godfrey et al. 1996
Paleozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.04           ppm Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.71           ppm Condie 1993
Parguaza River   Ti/Gd 81.2             Godfrey et al. 1996
Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 29.2         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.8         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 8.43         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.8         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 41.44         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 29.2           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 13         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.13         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Peninsular Range Batholith   (Gd/Yb)(N) 5.51             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995
Peninsular Range Batholith 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 64 Gd   0.304         ppm McDonough 1991
Peru Trench 64 Gd 3.85           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 6.56         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 3.91         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 4.09         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993
Philip Trench 64 Gd 12.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Post-Archean Terrrains 64 Gd 4.93           ppm Condie 1991
Precambrian Canadian Shield 64 Gd 2.79           ppm Shaw et al. 1986
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.506           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 544   54.4       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.584           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.459           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.5128           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.513           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 571   57.1       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 571           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.74           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.44           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd   0.595         ppm McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun 1982
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.605           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982
Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.5           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Primitive Mantle   Ti/Gd 36             Gao et al. 1998 Hofmann 1988
Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 64 Gd 2.2         8 ppm Hart et al. 1999
QUE 94201 Meteorite 64 Gd 4.3           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.32         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.32         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 9.13         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.11         11 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites 64 Gd 1.9           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
Radiolarites 64 Gd 1.85         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites 64 Gd 2.93         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 64 Gd 2.3     0.84 3.8 5 ppm Martin & Mason 1974
REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 64 Gd 4.6     4.5 4.6 2 ppm Martin & Mason 1974
Rifted Continental Margins 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Rifted Continental Margins 64 Gd 3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Rio Negro River   Ti/Gd 68.5             Godfrey et al. 1996
River Particulates 64 Gd 5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979
Rivers 64 Gd 0.008           ppb Li 1982 Martin & Meybeck 1979
Ryuku Trench 64 Gd 45.75           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sandstones 64 Gd 1.52           ppm Condie 1993
Sandstones 64 Gd 1.04           ppm Condie 1993
Scotia Island Basalt 64 Gd 3.34         15 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Seawater 64 Gd 0.0007           ppb Li 1982
Seawater 64 Gd 0.8           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982
Seawater 64 Gd 6e-06             Broeker & Peng 1982
Seawater 64 Gd 1.3             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987
Seawater 64 Gd 6     3.4 7.2     Bruland 1983
Serra De Mage Eucrite 64 Gd 407           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Shales 64 Gd 5.22           ppm Condie 1993
Shales 64 Gd 5.6           ppm Condie 1993
Shales 64 Gd 4.55           ppm Condie 1993
Shergotty Meteorite 64 Gd 2.54   0.26       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Silicate Earth 64 Gd 544   54.4       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.54           ppm McDonough 2004
Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.459           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.5128           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988
Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.74           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979
Wanke et al. 1984
Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.595           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982
Sun & McDonough 1989
McDonough & Frey 1989
Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.54           µg/g McDonough 1998
Silicified Limestone 64 Gd 3.93           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Silty Mud 64 Gd 5.77         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sioux County Eucrite 64 Gd 2070           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Solar Photosphere 64 Gd 1.12   0.04         Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar Photosphere 64 Gd 1.12   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998
Solar System 64 Gd 0.331             Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solar System 64 Gd 0.33   0.00462     4   Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar System 64 Gd 0.42             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982
Solid Earth 64 Gd 0.37           ppm McDonough 2004
Solid Earth 64 Gd 0.37           µg/g McDonough 1998
Solimoes River   Ti/Gd 73.4             Godfrey et al. 1996
South Antilles Trench 64 Gd 6.36           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
South Sandwich Trench 64 Gd 2.29           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Spinel Peridotites 64 Gd   0.31         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975
Jordan 1979
Boyd 1989
McDonough 1990
Spinel Peridotites 64 Gd 0.6 0.31 0.83     67 ppm McDonough 1990
Stannern Eucrite 64 Gd 4010           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Subducted Sediment 64 Gd 5.26   2.04       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sumatra Trench 64 Gd 4.01           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 1.35   0.033     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 0.244   0.013     16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 2.667   0.274     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 4.26   0.041     42 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 2.16   0.282     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 4.264   0.174     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Tonalites 64 Gd 4.2           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 3.3         355   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 2.98           ppm Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 4.09           ppm Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 4.67           ppm Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 2.2         355 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995
Tonga Trench 64 Gd 38.22           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Tongan Basalts 64 Gd 3.49         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004
Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 64 Gd 4.32           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000
Turbidites 64 Gd 3.67         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Turbidites 64 Gd 3.05         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.65             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.8           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.21           ppm Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.45           ppm Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4   0.3       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text








Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust   Ti/Gd 41             Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981
Vanuatu Trench 64 Gd 3.91           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Sediment 64 Gd 3.89         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Elliot et al. 1997
Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.32         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.71         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
Y-74450 Eucrites 64 Gd 3400           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977
Zeolite Clay 64 Gd 3.59         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998
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