GERM Reservoir Database
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	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) 21¿N EPR Hydrothermal Vents 19 K       23 26     Bowers & Taylor 1985 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 19 K 530           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Active Continental Rifts 19 K 2.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 19 K 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Ademellites 19 K 4         113 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 AII Fracture Zone Basalts 19 K 0.22           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Johnson & Dick 1992 Alaska Trench 19 K 1.84           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aleutian Basalts 19 K 0.61         66 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Aleutian Trench 19 K 2.11           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 19 K 250   40       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 19 K 140   50       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALHA 77257 Urelite 19 K 100           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 19 K 8           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 19 K 690           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Allende Meteorite 19 K 0.32             Grossman & Wasson 1985 Allende Meteorite 19 K 0.03           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Amazon River Particulates 19 K 18000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amphibolites 19 K 0.89         189 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Andaman Trench 19 K 2.04           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andean Andesites 19 K 2.4           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Andes Basalt 19 K 1.19         56 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 19 K 1.5         47 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 19 K 1.62         2203 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Andesites 19 K 1.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 19 K 1.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 19 K 1.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 19 K 1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 19 K 0.82           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 19 K 1.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 19 K 1.15           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 19 K 1.15         50 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Anorthosites 19 K 0.65         97 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Archean Amphibolites 19 K 2.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Archean Canadian Shield 19 K 2.53           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Goodwin 1978 Archean Canadian Shield 19 K 0.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Archean Canadian Shield 19 K 2.7           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Archean Canadian Shield 19 K 3.06           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Cameron et al. 1979 Archean Lower Crust 19 K 1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Archean Terrains 19 K 1.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Rogers 1978 Archean Terrains 19 K 2.64           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Shaw et al. 1967 Archean Terrains 19 K 1.2           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Terrains 19 K 1.5           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 19 K 0.75           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Arenaceous Rocks 19 K 2.87         121 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 19 K 2.54         2754 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Ashy Clay 19 K 1.95         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Atlantic Ocean 19 K       0.21 0.82 30 wt%ox MacDougall 1977 Aumento 1971 Aubres Aubrite 19 K 517           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Australian Granite 19 K 3.48         1074 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Australian Granite 19 K 4.91         6 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Australian Granite 19 K 1.38         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite 19 K 4.09         704 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Australian Granite 19 K 4.43         13 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Inger & Harris 1993 Australian Granite 19 K 4.13           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 19 K 26   4     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 19 K 23   5     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Barea Mesosiderite 19 K 184           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 19 K 0.03   0.01     51 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Basalts 19 K 0.43           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 19 K 0.83           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 19 K 0.33           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 19 K 0.85           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 19 K 0.84           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 19 K 0.76           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 19 K 0.88           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 19 K 1.51         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 19 K 0.93         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts 19 K 1.49         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 19 K 1.46         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 19 K 0.56         12 wt% Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts 19 K 3.97         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts 19 K 3.36         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 19 K 2666           µg/g Hart & Staudigel 1982 Basalts 19 K 1.1         3156 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 19 K 4.96         10 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 19 K 2.5         5 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 19 K 7.47         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 19 K 1.12         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Basalts 19 K 1.87         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts 19 K 3.52         27 wt% Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts 19 K 1.15         44 wt% Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 19 K 1.69         23 wt% Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 19 K 2.73         13 wt% Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 19 K 1.72         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Basalts 19 K 1         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts 19 K 1.35         4 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basanites 19 K 1.96         138 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basic Precambrian Granulites 19 K 0.79         25 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Binda Eucrite 19 K 85           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Boninites 19 K 0.56         348 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Brachina Brachinite 19 K 370           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Nehru et al. 1983 Brown Clay 19 K 2.6         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 19 K 0.92         29 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 19 K 0.3           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 McSween 1977 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 19 K 0.39           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Carbonate 19 K 0.32         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 19 K 1.3         87 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 19 K 0.62         2038 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 19 K 0.21   1.1     162 wt%ox Mirota & Veizer 1994 Carbonates 19 K 0.72         50 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Cascade Basalt 19 K 0.54         60 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascadia Trench 19 K 2.4           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 19 K 0.68           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central American Basalts 19 K 0.77         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Central East China Craton 19 K 2.22           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 2.58           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 2.41           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 1.87           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 2.15           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 2.26           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 1.51           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 2.39           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 1.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 2.15           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 19 K 2.27           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Chassigny Achondrite 19 K 380           ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Chassigny Meteorite 19 K 300   110       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 19 K 110           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Chert 19 K 0.77           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Chert 19 K 0.81         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 19 K 0.55         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chondrules 19 K 0.11           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 CI Chondrites 19 K 780           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 CI Chondrites 19 K 544   27.2       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 19 K 5.11   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 19 K 558           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 19 K 544   27.2       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 19 K 517           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 19 K 560           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 CI Chondrites 19 K 0.0663           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 CI Chondrites 19 K 550           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 19 K 558   43     29 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Clastic Turbidites 19 K 2.4         28 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 CO Chondrites 19 K 0.14   0.05     106 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 CO Chondrites 19 K 0.11   0.02     36 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Colombia Trench 19 K 0.13           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colorado River Particulates 19 K 15000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Comet Halley 19 K 4.88   0.18         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988 Congo River Particulates 19 K 12000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Arc Andesite 19 K 1.67         142 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 19 K 0.88         497 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 19 K 0.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 19 K 1.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 1.5           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Crust 19 K 19810           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Crust 19 K 9100           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 19 K 2.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 19 K 2.34           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 19 K 2.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 19 K 2.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 19 K 1.81           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 19 K 2.14           wt% Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 19 K 2.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 19 K 4.2           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Goldschmidt 1933 Continental Crust 19 K 3           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Vinogradov 1962 Continental Crust 19 K 2.5           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 19 K 2.9           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Continental Crust 19 K 2.3           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 19 K 1.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 1.81           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 19 K 2.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 19 K 2.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 1.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 0.91           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 1.88           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 19 K 1.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Shields & Platforms 19 K 0.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 19 K 1.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core 19 K 0           µg/g McDonough 1998 D'Orbigny Angrite 19 K 69           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Dacites 19 K 2.17         578 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Danube River Particulates 19 K 20500           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Depleted D-MORB basalts 19 K 0.006           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted Mantle 19 K 60   16.8       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Diabases 19 K 0.99         370 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Diatom Oozes & Clay 19 K 1.97         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 19 K 2.31         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 19 K 1.84         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 19 K 1.69         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diorite 19 K 2.08         260 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Diorites 19 K 1.76         755 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Dolerites 19 K 1.04         687 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 DSDP/ODP Site 800 19 K 1.23           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 19 K 1.21           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 DSDP/ODP Site 801 19 K 1.49           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Dunites 19 K 0.08         78 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 E-MORB 19 K 0.53           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Early Archean Upper Crust 19 K 2.46           wt%ox Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 19 K 2.52           wt%ox Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 19 K 2.97           wt%ox Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 19 K 3.22           wt%ox Condie 1993 Earth 19 K 0.02           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 East China Craton 19 K 2.2           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 19 K 2.12           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 East Sunda Trench 19 K 1.89           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 EET 83309 Urelite 19 K 238           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b EET 84302 Acapulcoite 19 K 980           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Eucrites 19 K 0.003           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Extrusive Section Oceanic Crust 19 K 1064           µg/g Hart & Staudigel 1982 Hart 1976 Felsic Archean Granulites 19 K 2.8 2.6       379 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Granulites 19 K 1.84         137 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 19 K 2.52 1.9       246 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 19 K 3.7           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 19 K 2.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 19 K 2.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 19 K 2.8         972 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 19 K 4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 19 K 4.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 19 K 4.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 19 K 4.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Ferruginous Clay 19 K 2.83         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Frankfort Howardites 19 K 81           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 19 K 0.16         203 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 19 K 1160           ppm Edmond et al. 1979 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 19 K 0.15           wt% Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Gabbros 19 K 0.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Gabbros 19 K 0.93         1317 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Galapagos Hydrothermal Vents 19 K       10.08 10.37     Edmond et al. 1979 Ganges River Particulates 19 K 21000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garnet Peridotites 19 K 0.11           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Jordan 1979 Garnet Peridotites 19 K   0.05         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garnet Peridotites 19 K 0.04           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Garonne River Particulates 19 K 34000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Gibson Lodranite 19 K 190           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Goalpara Ureilite 19 K 50   10       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Granites 19 K 4.35           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Whalen et al. 1987 Granites 19 K 4.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 19 K 4.94           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 19 K 4.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 19 K 4.42         1226 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granites 19 K 4.16         402 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granites 19 K 3.97         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites 19 K 3.58           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 19 K 4.07         2236 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Granodiorites 19 K 2.73         723 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Granodiorites 19 K 2.73           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Granulites 19 K 1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Granulites 19 K 1.99 1.33       693 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 19 K 2.23 1.61       768 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites 19 K 0.79 0.4       350 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Graywackes 19 K 2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 19 K 2.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 19 K 2.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 19 K 2.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 19 K 2.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 19 K 2.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Greater Antilles Basalt 19 K 0.91         21 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Green Clay 19 K 2.81         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Greywackes 19 K 2           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 19 K 0.3         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 19 K 0.31         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 19 K 0.08         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 19 K 0.09         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 H Ordinary Chondrites 19 K 0.08           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Mason 1965 Harzburgites 19 K 0.14         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Havero Urelite 19 K 35           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Hawaiites 19 K 1.53         58 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Honshu Basalt 19 K 0.99         137 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Hydrothermal Sediment 19 K 0.68         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 IAB Udei Station 19 K 614           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Ibitira Eucrite 19 K 200           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Igneous Rocks 19 K 2.45         22775 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Inner Blake Plateau Phosphorites 19 K 0.45           wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Interior North China Craton 19 K 1.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 19 K 2.46           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 19 K 2.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 19 K 2.79           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 19 K 2.46           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 19 K 0.44         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 19 K 0.6         5 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 19 K 1.74         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Granulites 19 K 1.76         136 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 19 K 1.55 1.1       106 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 19 K 0.78 0.65       48 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 19 K 1.55 0.96       138 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 19 K 1.57         26 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Intra Stellar Medium 19 K 4.04   3.232         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Island Arc Andesite 19 K 1.27         32 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 19 K 0.45         503 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 19 K 1.25           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Island Arcs 19 K 1.95         323 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Izu-Bonin Trench 19 K 0.81           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 19 K 1.7           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 19 K 2.5           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Johnstown Diogenite 19 K 9.2           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Kamchatka Basalt 19 K 0.87         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Trench 19 K 0.76           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kapoeta Howardites 19 K 180           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Kenna Ureilite 19 K 1.6   0.4       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Kerm Trench 19 K 2.3           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kermadec Basalts 19 K 0.53         36 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Kimberlite 19 K 1.63         22 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite 19 K 1         35 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite 19 K 3.3         32 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Komatiites 19 K 0.05           wt%ox Condie 1993 Kuriles Trench 19 K 1.7           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Late Archean Upper Crust 19 K 2.54           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 19 K 2.51           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 19 K 3.05           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 19 K 3.28           wt%ox Condie 1993 Latites 19 K 3.87         146 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 19 K 0.02   0.01     58 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Lesser Antilles Basalt 19 K 0.45         84 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Leucitic Basalt 19 K 6.18           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Volkov et al. 1986 Lherzolites 19 K 0.25         177 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 LL Ordinary Chondrites 19 K 0.83             Grossman & Wasson 1985 Low Si-Mg Mantle 19 K 0.03           wt% Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.2           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.28           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 13140           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.75           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.37           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 3.41           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 3.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.47           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lujavrites 19 K 4.65         76 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Lunar Breccias 19 K 0.18         2 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Breccias 19 K 0.15         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Soil 19 K 0.14         1 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Luzon Basalt 19 K 0.99         24 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 MAC 88177 Lodranite 19 K 17           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Macibini Eucrites 19 K 290           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b MacKenzie River Particulates 19 K 35300           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mafic Archean Granulites 19 K 0.7 0.58       100 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulites 19 K 0.85         128 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 19 K 0.38 0.28       236 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Intrusions 19 K 1.22         308 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 19 K 0.85 0.62       94 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Makran Trench 19 K 2.81           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Malvern Howardites 19 K 410           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Manganese Nodules 19 K 7000           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Mantle Xenoliths 19 K 0.05           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Marianas Basalt 19 K 0.31         168 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Marianas Trench 19 K 1.36           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Organisms 19 K 52000           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 19 K 25000           ppm Li 1982 Marine Pelagic Clay 19 K 25000           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 19 K 26600           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Mars Atmosphere 19 K 0.4   0.0008       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Trombka et al. 1992 Mars Atmosphere 19 K 0.3   0.0003       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Trombka et al. 1992 Mars Mantle 19 K 0.04           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke & Dreibus 1988 Mars Mantle 19 K 0.11           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1997 Mars Mantle 19 K             wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Sanloup 1999 Mars Rocks 19 K 1.36   0.136       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 19 K 0.87   0.087       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 19 K 1.29   0.129       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 19 K 1.14   0.114       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 19 K 1.1   0.11       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 19 K 0.96   0.096       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 19 K 0.87   0.087       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 19 K 0.51   0.051       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 19 K 0.45   0.045       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 19 K 0.6   0.06       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mavic Volcanics 19 K 1.85         632 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 19 K 0.46         41 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Mekong River Particulates 19 K 24000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Melitite-rich Chondrules 19 K 0.02     0 0.08 10 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Mercury Crustal Silicates 19 K 0           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Fegley & Cameron 1987 Mercury Crustal Silicates 19 K 0.08           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Mercury Crustal Silicates 19 K         0.04   wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Mercury Crustal Silicates 19 K 0.01           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Taylor & McLennan 1985 McDonough & Sun 1995 Mercury Crustal Silicates 19 K 0.01           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Mercury Crustal Silicates 19 K 0           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 19 K 1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 19 K 2.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 19 K 1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 19 K 2.3           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 19 K 2.84           wt%ox Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 19 K 3.11           wt%ox Condie 1993 META 78008 Urelite 19 K 13           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Metafelsic Volcanics 19 K 3.23         41 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Metalliferous Clay 19 K 3.27         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metamorphic Rocks 19 K 3.21           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Poldervaart 1955 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 19 K 1.99 1.9       78 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mexico Trench 19 K 1.23           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.01           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.3   0.3       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.52           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 3.36           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.3           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 19 K 3.02           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 19 K 3.26           wt%ox Condie 1993 Miles IIE Iron 19 K 5600           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Mincy Mesosiderite 19 K 100           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Monzonites 19 K 4.06         252 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Moon 19 K 0.01           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Moore County Eucrite 19 K 180           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 MORB Basaltic Glass 19 K 0.13           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 19 K 0.2           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 19 K 0.19           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 19 K 0.08           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 19 K 0.11           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Mugearites 19 K 2.46         55 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 N-MORB 19 K 0.24           wt% Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 N-MORB 19 K 0.13           wt% Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 N-MORB 19 K 883.7   406.5     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 N-MORB 19 K 884           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 N-MORB 19 K 0.106           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 N-MORB 19 K 0.05           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 19 K 0.065           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 N-MORB 19 K 0.05           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Nakhla Meteorite 19 K 1070   190       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nankai Trench 19 K 3.24           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 19 K 0.95         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nepheline Leucite Basalts 19 K 2.12         70 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Nepheline Syenites 19 K 5.58         108 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Nephelinites 19 K 3.46         159 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 New Hebrides Islands 19 K 0.9         65 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Niger River Particulates 19 K 10800           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Nile River Particulates 19 K 19000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Norites 19 K 0.7         188 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 19 K 3.97           wt%ox Condie 1993 North Antilles Trench 19 K 1.81           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 19 K 2.42           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 19 K 2.71           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 19 K 1.82           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 19 K 2.17           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 19 K 2.23           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 19 K 0.3         8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Novo-Urei Ureilite 19 K 20   6       ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 19 K 400           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Ob River Particulates 19 K 20800           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Oceanic Crust 19 K 1700           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Crust 19 K 880           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Oceans Surface water 19 K 399           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Culkin & Cox 1966 ODP Site 735 19 K 0.111 0.085       22 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 ODP Site 735 19 K 774.6 654       22 ppm Hart et al. 1999 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 19 K 0.56           wt%ox Staudigel et al. 1995 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 19 K 0.56           wt%ox Staudigel et al. 1996 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 19 K 0.47             Smith et al. 1995 Olivine Chondrules 19 K 0.09     0.03 0.2 3 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Orangeite 19 K 2.31         114 wt% Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 19 K 570           µg/g Grossman et al. 1985 Orgueil Chondrite 19 K 566         20 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 19 K 569         18 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orinoco River Particulates 19 K 27000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Paleozoic Orogens 19 K 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 19 K 1.9           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust 19 K 2.82           wt%ox Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 19 K 3.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Parana River Particulates 19 K 18000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Pelagic Clay 19 K 3.24         55 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 19 K 2.85         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 19 K 1.97         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 19 K 3.93         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 19 K 1.97         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 19 K 3.61         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 19 K 3.19         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelites 19 K 3.36         69 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 19 K 3.71         1341 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 19 K 240           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Peninsular Range Batholith 19 K 3.69           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Peridotites 19 K 0.34         103 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Periodotite Massifs 19 K 0.03           wt% Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 19 K   0.01         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Peru Trench 19 K 0.96           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Petersburg Eucrites 19 K 270           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 19 K 0.38         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 19 K 0.54         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 19 K 1.7         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 19 K 0.51         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 19 K 0.4         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 19 K 1.44         36 wt% Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 19 K 0.34         18 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 19 K 1.35         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Philip Trench 19 K 1.52           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phonolites 19 K 5.24         320 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Phosphoria Formation 19 K 0.5         61 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Post-Archean Terrrains 19 K 3.51           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Precambrian Canadian Shield 19 K 3.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Precambrian Granulites 19 K 1.58         88 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle 19 K 260   39       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.03           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.03           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.29           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 19 K 240   48       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.029           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 19 K 450           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 19 K 258           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Primitive Mantle 19 K 260           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.03           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Ringwood 1979 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.03           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.03           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.032           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.018           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.028           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.028           wt%ox McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 19 K   0.028         wt%ox McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.003           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.022           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.02           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.031           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.0337           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 19 K 193           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Larimer 1971 Primitive Mantle 19 K 160           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Shaw 1972 Primitive Mantle 19 K 252           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Primitive Mantle 19 K 286           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Ringwood & Kesson 1977 Primitive Mantle 19 K 193           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Smith 1977 Primitive Mantle 19 K 240           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Sun & Nesbitt 1977 Primitive Mantle 19 K 260           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 19 K 260           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Jacobsen & Wasserburg 1979 Primitive Mantle 19 K 230           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 19 K 517           ppm Hofmann & White 1983 Palme et al. 1981 Primitive Mantle 19 K 258.2           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 19 K 260           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.029           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.03           wt% Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 19 K 0.03           wt% Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 19 K 0.05         8 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Pyrolites 19 K 0.03           wt% Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites 19 K 0.03           wt% Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Pyroxenites 19 K 0.64         106 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 19 K 353           µg/g Grossman et al. 1985 QUE 94201 Meteorite 19 K 375   80       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Radiolarian Clay 19 K 2.7         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 19 K 1.98         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 19 K 1.57         11 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 19 K 2.7         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 19 K 1.19         17 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 19 K 0.61           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Radiolarites 19 K 0.96         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 19 K 0.12     0.02 0.26 5 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 19 K 0.05     0.04 0.05 2 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 19 K 0.45         20 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Rhyodacites 19 K 3         63 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Rhyolites 19 K 4.3         554 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Rifted Continental Margins 19 K 0.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 19 K 2.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 River Particulates 19 K 20000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 19 K 2300           ppb Li 1982 Rivers 19 K 2.4             MacDougall 1977 Livingstone 1973 Turekian & Chan 1971 Rivers 19 K 2.3           ppb Hart & Staudigel 1982 Rivers 19 K 59             Edmond et al. 1979 Ryuku Trench 19 K 3.68           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sandstones 19 K 0.96           wt%ox Condie 1993 Sandstones 19 K 0.88           wt%ox Condie 1993 Sandstones 19 K 0.91           wt%ox Condie 1993 Scotia Island Basalt 19 K 0.32         41 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Seawater 19 K 399           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Culkin & Cox 1966 Seawater 19 K 10200             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 19 K 10.2             Bruland 1983 Seawater 19 K 392           ppb Hart & Staudigel 1982 Seawater 19 K 10.2             Palmer & Edmond 1989 Seawater 19 K 9.8             Bowers & Taylor 1985 Seawater 19 K 390000000             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Seawater 19 K 380000           ppb Li 1982 Seawater 19 K 10             von Glasow & Crutzen 2004 Andrews et al. 1996 Sediments 19 K 2.14           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Serra De Mage Eucrite 19 K 60           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Shales 19 K 3.84           wt%ox Condie 1993 Shales 19 K 3.62           wt%ox Condie 1993 Shales 19 K 3.07           wt%ox Condie 1993 Shalka Diogenite 19 K 13           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Shallowater Aubrite 19 K 380           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Shergotty Meteorite 19 K 1440   110       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Silicate Earth 19 K 231           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Silicate Earth 19 K 0.022           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 19 K 0.003           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 19 K 0.031           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 19 K 240           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 19 K 258.2           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Silicate Earth 19 K 240           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 19 K 180           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 19 K 0.029           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 19 K 240   48       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 19 K 240           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 19 K 2.04         23 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Silicified Limestone 19 K 0.15           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 19 K 1.42         16 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sioux County Eucrite 19 K 295           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Smectites & Palagonites 19 K 7955           µg/g Hart & Staudigel 1982 Solar Corona 19 K 5.14   0.17         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Corona 19 K 5.14   0.17         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Photosphere 19 K 5.12   0.13         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar Photosphere 19 K 5.12   0.13         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 19 K 3770   297.83     27   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solar System 19 K 1.8           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Solar System 19 K 3770   290.3     29   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 19 K 3500             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solar System 19 K 5.11   1.7885         Palme & Jones 2004 Solid Earth 19 K 160           µg/g McDonough 1998 Solid Earth 19 K 0.0192           wt% Allegre et al. 1995 Solid Earth 19 K 160           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Mars 19 K 0.6   0.4       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Solid Mars 19 K 1.2   0.4       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 South African Garnet Peridotites 19 K 0.1           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Boyd & Mertzman 1987 South Antilles Trench 19 K 2.8           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 19 K 2.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 19 K 1.98           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 19 K 1.86           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 19 K 2.47           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 19 K 2.34           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 19 K 2.25           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 19 K 2.45           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 19 K 2.17           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 19 K 2.28           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Sandwich Trench 19 K 1.97           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 19 K 0.05           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Spinel Peridotites 19 K   0.028         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 19 K 0.054 0.028 0.11     330 wt%ox McDonough 1990 St. Lawrence River Particulates 19 K 25500           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Stannern Eucrite 19 K 550           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Subducted Sediment 19 K 2.04   0.16       wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 19 K 2.45           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Syenites 19 K 4.95         436 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 19 K 0.18   0.067     6 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 19 K 0.76   0.019     28 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 19 K 1.03   0.007     114 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 19 K 0.16   0.002     95 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 19 K 0.02   0.001     17 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 19 K 0.13   0.033     7 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Tephrites 19 K 4.49         84 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tholeiites 19 K 0.43         190 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tinguaites 19 K 5.52         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tonalites 19 K 1.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Wedepohl 1991 Arth et al. 1978 Ermanovics et al. 1979 Tarney et al. 1979 Schermerhorn 1987 Paradis et al. 1988 Pohl & Emmermann 1991 Tepper et al. 1993 Tonalites 19 K 1.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites 19 K 2.07         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 19 K 2.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 19 K 3.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 19 K 3.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 19 K 1.97         553 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 19 K 3.43         641 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 19 K 1.76         355 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonga Trench 19 K 2.11           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tongan Basalts 19 K 0.43         70 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Trachyandesites 19 K 3.21         223 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Trachybasalts 19 K 2.55         155 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Trachytes 19 K 4.98         483 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 19 K 0.11           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Turbidites 19 K 1.62         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 19 K 2.45         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Type F Aggregates 19 K 0.29           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Wark 1979 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 19 K 1.51         14 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.01           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 4.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.8   0.23       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.3           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 4805           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 0.56           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.8           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.39           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.76           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.99           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.91           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.01           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.68           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.8           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 28650           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.1           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.73           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.85           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.3           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 19 K 42           ppm Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Vanuatu Trench 19 K 1.52           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Vega 2 19 K 0.1   0.08       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1986 Venera 13 Rocks 19 K 4   0.63       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Venera 14 Rocks 19 K 0.2   0.07       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Venus Mantle 19 K 0.174           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus Mantle 19 K 0.018           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus Mantle 19 K 0.027           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus N-MORB 19 K 0.08           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Wilson 1989 Venus Surface 19 K 4   1.2       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Venus Surface 19 K 0.45   0.22       ppm Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Venus Surface 19 K 0.4   0.2         Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Venus Surface 19 K 0.3   0.16       ppm Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Venus Surface 19 K 0.47   0.08       ppm Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Volcanoclastic Sediment 19 K 1.6         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 19 K 1.62           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 19 K 1.74         43 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 19 K 1.91         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Watson IIE Iron 19 K 2300           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Websterites 19 K 0.41         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Winonaite Pontlyfni 19 K 700           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 19 K 359           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Xenolites 19 K 0.03           wt% Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Y-74450 Eucrites 19 K 450           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Y-791491 Lodranite 19 K 150           µg/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Yangtze Craton 19 K 2.3           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 19 K 2.43           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 19 K 2.54           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 19 K 2.16           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 19 K 2.39           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Zeolite Clay 19 K 1.73         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andean Andesites   K/Rb 302             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Archean Amphibolites   K/Rb 236             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.43         6   Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.18         12   Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.39         3   Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 2.7         10   Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.64         5   Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 6.45         7   Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 1.12         6   Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.19         3   Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 1.2         27   Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.27         44   Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.47         23   Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 1         13   Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.63         9   Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.36         8   Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.48         4   Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 1.42         16   Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.41         8   Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.27         7   Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.34         16   Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Na/K 10.7   2.1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Central East China Craton   K/Pb 1300             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/Pb 1200             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/Pb 1200             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/Pb 1400             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/Pb 1100             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/Pb 1200             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/Pb 1200             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/Pb 1200             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/U 19600             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/U 15900             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/U 13800             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/U 15800             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/U 15800             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/U 16900             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/U 16400             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   K/U 16300             Gao et al. 1998 CI Chondrites   Na/K 9.3             McDonough & Sun 1995 Continental Crust   K/Rb 252             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust   K/Rb 296             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Crust   K/Rb 286             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust   K/U 10.1             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Depleted D-MORB basalts   K/U 12654             Salters & Stracke 2004 Early Archean Upper Crust   K/Rb 288             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   K/Rb 291             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.73             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.7             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 268             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 269             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.9             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.97             Condie 1993 Enstatite Chondrites   Na/K 8.4   0.8         McDonough & Sun 1995 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   K/U 14674             Salters & Stracke 2004 Granulites   K/Rb 627 348       528   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites   K/Rb 755             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Granulites   K/Rb 702 420       645   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites   K/Th 8900 2500       174   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites   K/Th 12300 3600       236   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites   K/U 46700 28200       149   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites   K/U 58500 39400       236   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites   K/Rb 855 565       250   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites   K/Th 45600 12200       80   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites   K/U 74600 33500       52   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Kimberlite   K2O/Na2O 6.2         22   Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite   K2O/Na2O 17         32   Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite   K2O/Na2O 3.3         35   Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Late Archean Upper Crust   K/Rb 283             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   K/Rb 288             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.71             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.68             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 268             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 267             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.92             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.99             Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust   K/Rb 413             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   K/U 23800             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 251             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 250             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.84             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.91             Condie 1993 Middle Continental Crust   K/Rb 270             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust   K/U 10.7             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 273             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 272             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.99             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.92             Condie 1993 Orangeite   K2O/Na2O 22         114   Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Na/K 8.2   0.6         McDonough & Sun 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 261             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   K/Rb 263             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.85             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.93             Condie 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.18         7   Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.16         6   Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.47         36   Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.14         18   Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.21         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.66         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.21         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   K2O/Na2O 0.57         9   Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Primitive Mantle   K/Rb 310             Hofmann & White 1983 Larimer 1971 Primitive Mantle   K/Rb 270             Hofmann & White 1983 Shaw 1972 Primitive Mantle   K/Rb 290             Hofmann & White 1983 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Primitive Mantle   K/Rb 410             Hofmann & White 1983 Jacobsen & Wasserburg 1979 Primitive Mantle   K/Rb 335             Hofmann & White 1983 Ringwood & Kesson 1977 Primitive Mantle   K/Rb 320             Hofmann & White 1983 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle   K/Rb 355             Hofmann & White 1983 Sun & Nesbitt 1977 Primitive Mantle   K/Rb 265             Hofmann & White 1983 Smith 1977 Primitive Mantle   K/U 1             Gao et al. 1998 Hofmann 1988 Upper Continental Crust   K/Rb 249             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust   K/Rb 250             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Upper Continental Crust   K/Rb 272             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   K/Rb 275             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   K/U 10             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Upper Continental Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.83             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   K2O/Na2O 0.78             Condie 1993 Venus Surface   K/U 18200     9700 34700     Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Venus Surface   K/U 7800     5100 12500     Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Venus Surface   K/U 7000     2100 39400     Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Venus Surface   K/U 5900     1900 20000     Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987 Venus Surface   K/U 6500     1900 23000     Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1987