GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 25 Mn 0.18   0.001     95 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 25 Mn 0.19   0.001     114 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 25 Mn 0.17   0.002     17 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 25 Mn 0.11   0.003     28 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Novo-Urei Ureilite 25 Mn 0.386   0.004       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Chassigny Achondrite 25 Mn 0.51   0.005       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 25 Mn 0.21   0.005     7 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Goalpara Ureilite 25 Mn 0.372   0.006       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Kenna Ureilite 25 Mn 0.367   0.006       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 5.51   0.01         Palme & Jones 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths 25 Mn 0.13 0.13 0.01     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 25 Mn 0.14 0.14 0.01     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1   0.01       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 25 Mn 0.19   0.014     6 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 25 Mn 0.17   0.02     51 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 25 Mn 0.17   0.02     58 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Continental Arc Xenoliths 25 Mn 0.13 0.13 0.03     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 25 Mn 0.13 0.13 0.03     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Solar Photosphere 25 Mn 5.39   0.03         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar Photosphere 25 Mn 5.39   0.03         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Spinel Peridotites 25 Mn 0.14 0.14 0.03     366 wt%ox McDonough 1990 CO Chondrites 25 Mn 0.27   0.04     36 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Cratonic Xenoliths 25 Mn 0.14 0.13 0.04     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 25 Mn 0.13 0.12 0.04     16   Pearson et al. 2004 CO Chondrites 25 Mn 0.16   0.05     106 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Ordinary Chondrites   Cr/Mn 1.51   0.08         McDonough & Sun 1995 Venera 14 Rocks 25 Mn 0.16   0.08       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Mars Soil 25 Mn 0.34   0.085       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Venera 13 Rocks 25 Mn 0.2   0.1       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Mars Soil 25 Mn 0.46   0.115       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 25 Mn 0.47   0.1175       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Vega 2 25 Mn 0.14   0.12       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1986 Mars Rocks 25 Mn 0.49   0.1225       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 25 Mn 0.51   0.1275       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Enstatite Chondrites   Cr/Mn 1.54   0.13         McDonough & Sun 1995 Mars Rocks 25 Mn 0.52   0.13       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Subducted Sediment 25 Mn 0.32   0.13       wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mars Rocks 25 Mn 0.55   0.1375       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Comet Halley 25 Mn 5.28   0.15         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988 Mars Rocks 25 Mn 0.65   0.1625       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Solar Corona 25 Mn 5.38   0.17         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Corona 25 Mn 5.38   0.18         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Mars Soil 25 Mn 0.76   0.19       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 CO Chondrites 25 Mn 0.6   0.2     6 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 CO Chondrites 25 Mn 0.24   0.2     8 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Intra Stellar Medium 25 Mn 4.08   0.204         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Solar System 25 Mn 5.51   0.2755         Palme & Jones 2004 Carbonates 25 Mn 0.06   0.36     162 wt%ox Mirota & Veizer 1994 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Cr/Mn 2.2   0.5         McDonough & Sun 1995 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1   0       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Spinel Peridotites   Fe/Mn 60   10         McDonough 1991 Spinel Peridotites   Fe/Mn 60 59 10     366   McDonough 1990 ALH 84001 Meteorite 25 Mn 3560   100       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 1045   104.5       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 25 Mn 1045   104.5       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 1050   105       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Garnet Peridotites   Fe/Mn 63   11         McDonough 1991 Shergotty Meteorite 25 Mn 4110   130       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 QUE 94201 Meteorite 25 Mn 3480   150       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Depleted Mantle 25 Mn 1045   177.65       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 1990   191     20 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Nakhla Meteorite 25 Mn 3820   310       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 25 Mn 1053   39     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 25 Mn 1046   40     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 1933   57.99       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 1933   57.99       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Fe/Mn 62   7         McDonough 1991 ALH 77005 Meteorite 25 Mn 3470   80       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chassigny Meteorite 25 Mn 4120   840       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Solar System 25 Mn 9550   916.8     20   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 25 Mn 9510   922.47     16   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 25 Mn 3.26             Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Active Continental Rifts 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Ademellites 25 Mn 0.08         113 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 AII Fracture Zone Basalts 25 Mn 0.18           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Johnson & Dick 1992 Alaska Trench 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Alborz Mountains 25 Mn 3350         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Aval et al. 1968 Aleutian Basalts 25 Mn 0.16         66 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Aleutian Trench 25 Mn 0.15           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 84025 Brachinite 25 Mn 2.53             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a ALHA 77257 Urelite 25 Mn 3.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 25 Mn 2.89             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 25 Mn 3.03             Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Allende Meteorite 25 Mn 1.42             Grossman & Wasson 1985 Amazon River Particulates 25 Mn 1030           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amphibolites 25 Mn 0.37         189 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Andaman Trench 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andean Andesites 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Andes Basalt 25 Mn 0.15         56 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 25 Mn 0.14         2203 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Andesites 25 Mn 0.1         47 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 25 Mn 0.16         50 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Angrite Angra Dos Reis 25 Mn 0.77             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Angrite LEW 87051 25 Mn 1.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Anorthosites 25 Mn 0.05         97 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Archean Amphibolites 25 Mn 0.04           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Archean Canadian Shield 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Goodwin 1978 Archean Canadian Shield 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Archean Canadian Shield 25 Mn 0.06           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Cameron et al. 1979 Archean Lower Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Archean Terrains 25 Mn 0.075           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Shaw et al. 1967 Archean Terrains 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Terrains 25 Mn 1400           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 25 Mn 1500           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Arenaceous Rocks 25 Mn 0.09         121 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 25 Mn 0.07         2754 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Ashy Clay 25 Mn 0.65         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aubres Aubrite 25 Mn 1.486             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Australian Granite 25 Mn 0.02         13 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Inger & Harris 1993 Australian Granite 25 Mn 0.06         704 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Australian Granite 25 Mn 0.1         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite 25 Mn 0.07         6 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Australian Granite 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Australian Granite 25 Mn 0.07         1074 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Bambui Group 25 Mn 4200         14 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart 1974 Barea Mesosiderite 25 Mn 4.36             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Basalts 25 Mn 0.14         13 wt% Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 25 Mn 0.19         44 wt% Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 25 Mn 0.2         23 wt% Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 25 Mn 0.19         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts 25 Mn 0.16         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Basalts 25 Mn 0.96         4 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 25 Mn 0.18         12 wt% Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts 25 Mn 0.18         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 25 Mn 0.15         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts 25 Mn 0.17         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 25 Mn 0.19         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 25 Mn 0.16         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts 25 Mn 0.15         27 wt% Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts 25 Mn 0.19         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Basalts 25 Mn 0.18         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts 25 Mn 0.2         3156 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 25 Mn 0.14         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 25 Mn 0.16         5 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 25 Mn 0.13         10 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 25 Mn 0.15         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basanites 25 Mn 0.16         138 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basic Precambrian Granulites 25 Mn 0.21         25 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Battle Creek Formation 25 Mn 7540         7 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Battle Creek Formation 25 Mn 480         17 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Belkinsk Akai Sayan 25 Mn 200         33 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Binda Eucrite 25 Mn 3.72             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Bone Valley Formation 25 Mn 230         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Boninites 25 Mn 0.15         348 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Brachina Brachinite 25 Mn 2.65             Mittlefehldt 2004 Nehru et al. 1983 Brown Clay 25 Mn 1.06         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 25 Mn 5.27         29 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Rock 25 Mn 1700         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 McSween 1977 Carbonate 25 Mn 0.53         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 25 Mn 0.11         87 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 25 Mn 0.05         50 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 25 Mn 0.06         2038 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Cascade Basalt 25 Mn 0.15         60 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascadia Trench 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 25 Mn 0.43           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central American Basalts 25 Mn 0.17         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.15           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 25 Mn 2.31             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Chert 25 Mn 0.23         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 25 Mn 0.31         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 25 Mn 0.22           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 CI Chondrites   Cr/Mn 1.4             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 0.256           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 1990           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 1920           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 1.82           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 25 Mn 1900           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 Clastic Turbidites 25 Mn 0.12         28 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 25 Mn 0.14           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colorado River Particulates 25 Mn 430           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Congo River Particulates 25 Mn 1400           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Arc Andesite 25 Mn 0.12         142 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 25 Mn 0.17         497 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust   Hg/Mn 9.2e-06             Salters & Stracke 2004 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 25 Mn 756           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 1400           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 716           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.14           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 25 Mn 1400           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.09           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.18           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.11           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.24           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.24           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.19           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.05           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.33           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Continental Shields & Platforms 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core   Cr/Mn       1.8 1.8     McDonough & Sun 1995 Core 25 Mn       0.45 0.5   wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Core 25 Mn 5820           ppm Allegre et al. 1995 Core 25 Mn 300           ppm McDonough 2004 Core 25 Mn 0.03           wt% McDonough 2004 Core 25 Mn 50           µg/g McDonough 1998 Cratonic Peridotite 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 D'Orbigny Angrite 25 Mn 2.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Dacites 25 Mn 0.09         578 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Danube River Particulates 25 Mn 600           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Depleted D-MORB basalts 25 Mn 0.13           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene 25 Mn 0.09           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Olivine 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Spinel 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Diatom Oozes & Clay 25 Mn 0.06         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 25 Mn 0.31         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 25 Mn 0.14         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 25 Mn 0.2         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diorite 25 Mn 0.13         260 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Diorites 25 Mn 0.12         755 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Dolerites 25 Mn 0.19         687 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Dover Sandstone 25 Mn 750         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart & Schmidt 1974 DSDP/ODP Site 800 25 Mn 0.21           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 25 Mn 0.21           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 25 Mn 0.19           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Dunites 25 Mn 0.71         78 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 E-MORB 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Earth 25 Mn 0.06           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 East China Craton 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 East Sunda Trench 25 Mn 0.36           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 EET 83309 Urelite 25 Mn 2.88             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b EET 84302 Acapulcoite 25 Mn 4.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Eucrites 25 Mn 0.01           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Felsic Archean Granulites 25 Mn 0.05 0.04       348 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Granulites 25 Mn 0.08         137 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 25 Mn 0.07 0.05       220 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 25 Mn 0.08         972 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Ferruginous Clay 25 Mn 0.17         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Frankfort Howardites 25 Mn 4.34             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 25 Mn 0.16         203 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Gabbros 25 Mn 0.12         1317 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Gabbros 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Ganges River Particulates 25 Mn 1000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garnet Peridotites 25 Mn   0.11         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garnet Peridotites 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Jordan 1979 Garnet Peridotites 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Garonne River Particulates 25 Mn 1700           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Gibson Lodranite 25 Mn 4.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Granites 25 Mn 0.05         2236 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Granites 25 Mn 0.05           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 25 Mn 0.02         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites 25 Mn 0.04           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Whalen et al. 1987 Granites 25 Mn 0.04         1226 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granites 25 Mn 0.03         402 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granodiorites 25 Mn 0.08         723 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Granodiorites 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Granulites 25 Mn 0.09 0.07       614 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Granulites 25 Mn 0.11 0.1       592 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites 25 Mn 0.15 0.14       334 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Greater Antilles Basalt 25 Mn 0.2         21 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Green Clay 25 Mn 0.08         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Greywackes 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 25 Mn 0.24         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 25 Mn 0.25         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 25 Mn 0.27         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 25 Mn 0.29         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 H Ordinary Chondrites 25 Mn 0.23           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Mason 1965 Harzburgites 25 Mn 0.15         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Havero Urelite 25 Mn 2.66             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Hawaiites 25 Mn 0.19         58 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Honshu Basalt 25 Mn 0.16         137 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Hydrothermal Sediment 25 Mn 9.28         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 IAB Campo del Cielo 25 Mn 2.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Landes 25 Mn 2.19             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Udei Station 25 Mn 2.37             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Ibitira Eucrite 25 Mn 3.72             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Igneous Rocks 25 Mn 0.14         22775 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Interior North China Craton 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 25 Mn 0.14           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 25 Mn 0.07         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 25 Mn 0.03         5 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 25 Mn 1.95         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Granulites 25 Mn 0.12         136 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 25 Mn 0.11 0.1       102 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 25 Mn 0.13 0.13       47 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 25 Mn 0.14 0.13       132 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 25 Mn 0.14         26 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Island Arc Andesite 25 Mn 0.17         503 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 25 Mn 0.14         32 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 25 Mn 1100           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Island Arcs 25 Mn 0.08         323 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Izu-Bonin Trench 25 Mn 0.36           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 25 Mn 0.42           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 25 Mn 0.42           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Johnstown Diogenite 25 Mn 3.75             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Kamchatka Basalt 25 Mn 0.17         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Trench 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kapoeta Howardites 25 Mn 3.83             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Kerm Trench 25 Mn 0.85           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kermadec Basalts 25 Mn 0.16         36 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Kimberlite 25 Mn 0.2         35 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite 25 Mn 0.2         32 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite 25 Mn 0.17         22 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Komatiites   Fe/Mn 56             McDonough 1991 Kuriles Trench 25 Mn 0.42           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kyzyl Kum 25 Mn 2000         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Kapustyanski 1964 La Caja Formation 25 Mn 190         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Rogers et al. 1956 Latites 25 Mn 0.09         146 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Lesser Antilles Basalt 25 Mn 0.17         84 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Leucitic Basalt 25 Mn 0.19           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Volkov et al. 1986 Lherzolites 25 Mn 0.17         177 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 LL Ordinary Chondrites 25 Mn 2.53             Grossman & Wasson 1985 Low Si-Mg Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt% Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 1700           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 929           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.17           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lujavrites 25 Mn 0.46         76 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Lunar Breccias 25 Mn 0.23         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Breccias 25 Mn 0.22         2 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Soil 25 Mn 0.21         1 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Luzon Basalt 25 Mn 0.18         24 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 MAC 88177 Lodranite 25 Mn 4.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Macibini Eucrites 25 Mn 4.17             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b MacKenzie River Particulates 25 Mn 600           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mafic Archean Granulites 25 Mn 0.19 0.2       96 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulites 25 Mn 0.22         128 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 25 Mn 0.15 0.15       255 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Intrusions 25 Mn 0.15         308 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 25 Mn 0.19 0.18       95 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Makran Trench 25 Mn 0.64           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Malvern Howardites 25 Mn 4.06             Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Manganese Nodules 25 Mn 186000           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Mantle 25 Mn 0.1           wt% McDonough 2004 Mantle Xenoliths 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Marianas Basalt 25 Mn 0.15         168 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Marianas Trench 25 Mn 0.21           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Organisms 25 Mn 20           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 6700           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 6700           ppm Li 1982 Marine Phosphorites 25 Mn 1230 200   8 7540 17 ppm Altschuller 1980 Marine Shales 25 Mn 850           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 25 Mn 850           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Mars Mantle 25 Mn 0.37           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1997 Mars Mantle 25 Mn 0.4           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Sanloup 1999 Mars Mantle 25 Mn 0.5           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke & Dreibus 1988 Mavic Volcanics 25 Mn 0.17         632 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 25 Mn 0.003         41 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Mekong River Particulates 25 Mn 940           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mercury Crustal Silicates 25 Mn 0.06           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Mercury Crustal Silicates 25 Mn 0           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Fegley & Cameron 1987 Mercury Crustal Silicates 25 Mn 0.05           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Taylor & McLennan 1985 McDonough & Sun 1995 Mercury Crustal Silicates 25 Mn 0.06           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Mercury Crustal Silicates 25 Mn 0           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Mercury Crustal Silicates 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Mercury Crustal Silicates 25 Mn 0.13           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Mercury Crustal Silicates 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 META 78008 Urelite 25 Mn 2.94             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Metafelsic Volcanics 25 Mn 0.08         41 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Metalliferous Clay 25 Mn 2.67         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metamorphic Rocks 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Poldervaart 1955 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 25 Mn 0.13 0.11       77 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mexico Trench 25 Mn 2.33           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.11           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.03           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Miles IIE Iron 25 Mn 1.31             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Miles IIE Iron 25 Mn 2.07             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Mincy Mesosiderite 25 Mn 4.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Mishash Formation 25 Mn 17         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Mazor 1963 Mississippi River Particulates 25 Mn 1300           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Monterey Formation 25 Mn 130         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Monzonites 25 Mn 0.1         252 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Moon 25 Mn 0.03           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Moore County Eucrite 25 Mn 3.49             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 MORB Basaltic Glass 25 Mn 0.2           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 25 Mn 0.2           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 25 Mn 0.25           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 25 Mn 0.19           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Mugearites 25 Mn 0.26         55 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 N-MORB 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 25 Mn 0.17           wt% Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 N-MORB 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 N-MORB 25 Mn 0.19           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 N-MORB 25 Mn 0.18           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 Nankai Trench 25 Mn 0.59           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 25 Mn 0.11         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Narbada River Particulates 25 Mn 1200           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Nepheline Leucite Basalts 25 Mn 0.15         70 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Nepheline Syenites 25 Mn 0.15         108 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Nephelinites 25 Mn 0.26         159 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 New Hebrides Islands 25 Mn 0.19         65 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Niger River Particulates 25 Mn 650           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Norites 25 Mn 0.14         188 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 North Antilles Trench 25 Mn 0.17           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 25 Mn 0.45         8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 25 Mn 4.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Ocean Island Peridotite 25 Mn 0.06           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Ocean Island Peridotite 25 Mn 0.11           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Ocean Island Peridotite 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Ocean Island Peridotite 25 Mn 0.05           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Oceanic Crust 25 Mn 1200           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceans Deep water 25 Mn 38           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Landing & Bruland 1980 Oceans Surface water 25 Mn 34           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Landing & Bruland 1980 ODP Site 735 25 Mn 0.157 0.15       22 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 25 Mn 0.17           wt%ox Staudigel et al. 1996 Orangeite 25 Mn 0.14         114 wt% Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 25 Mn 2.26             Grossman et al. 1985 Orgueil Chondrite 25 Mn 1980         12 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 25 Mn 1960         12 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orinoco River Particulates 25 Mn 740           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Oulad Abdoun Basin 25 Mn 8         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Paleozoic Orogens 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Parana River Particulates 25 Mn 270           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 0.41         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 1.7         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 0.59         55 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 1.7           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 0.77         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 2.1         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 2.13         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 25 Mn 0.41         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelites 25 Mn 0.06         1341 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 25 Mn 0.07         69 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 25 Mn 1.94             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Peninsular Range Batholith 25 Mn 0.03           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Peridotites 25 Mn 0.41         103 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Periodotite Massifs 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 25 Mn   0.13         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Peru Trench 25 Mn 0.43           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Petersburg Eucrites 25 Mn 4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 25 Mn 0.17         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 25 Mn 0.25         36 wt% Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 25 Mn 0.18         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 25 Mn 0.23         18 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 25 Mn 0.17         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 25 Mn 0.21         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 25 Mn 0.17         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 25 Mn 0.19         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Philip Trench 25 Mn 0.93           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phonolites 25 Mn 0.17         320 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Phosphoria Formation 25 Mn   30         ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 25 Mn 0.003         61 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 25 Mn 30         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966 Post-Archean Terrrains 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Precambrian Canadian Shield 25 Mn 0.068           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Precambrian Granulites 25 Mn 0.12         88 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle   Cr/Mn 2.5             McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle   Fe/Mn 61             McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.14           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn   0.14         wt%ox McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.149           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.14           wt%ox McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.131           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.14           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.15           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Ringwood 1979 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 1045           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 1013           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 1050           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill & Palme 1998 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.135           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.13           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 25 Mn 0.17         8 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Pungo River Formation 25 Mn 10         2 ppm Altschuller 1980 Pyrolites 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites 25 Mn 0.14           wt% Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Pyroxenites 25 Mn 0.16         106 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 25 Mn 2.05             Grossman et al. 1985 Radiolarian Clay 25 Mn 0.48         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 25 Mn 0.33         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 25 Mn 0.17         11 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 25 Mn 0.33         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 25 Mn 0.38         17 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 25 Mn 0.04         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 25 Mn 0.02           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 25 Mn 0.003         20 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Rhyodacites 25 Mn 0.09         63 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Rifted Continental Margins 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 River Particulates 25 Mn 1050           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 25 Mn 7           ppb Li 1982 Ryuku Trench 25 Mn 2.06           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Scotia Island Basalt 25 Mn 0.15         41 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Seawater 25 Mn 0.005             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 25 Mn 0.5     0.2 3     Bruland 1983 Seawater 25 Mn 72             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Seawater 25 Mn 0.04           ppb Li 1982 Klinkhammer & Bender 1980 Martin & Knauer 1980 Seawater 25 Mn 10           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Landing & Bruland 1980 Sediments 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Serra De Mage Eucrite 25 Mn 4.88             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Shalka Diogenite 25 Mn 4.28             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Shallowater Aubrite 25 Mn 0.68             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Silicate Earth   Cr/Mn 2.5             McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 25 Mn 1045           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 25 Mn 1045           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 25 Mn 0.135           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 25 Mn 0.06         23 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Silicified Limestone 25 Mn 0.17           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 25 Mn 0.59         16 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sioux County Eucrite 25 Mn 4.34             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Slope Lisbourne Group 25 Mn 30         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Patton & Matzko 1959 Solar System 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Solar System 25 Mn 9300             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solid Earth   Cr/Mn       2 2     McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth 25 Mn       0.22 0.24   wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Earth 25 Mn 0.08           wt% McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 25 Mn 800           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 25 Mn 2600           ppm Allegre et al. 1995 Solid Earth 25 Mn 720           µg/g McDonough 1998 Solid Mars 25 Mn 0.1           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Solid Mars 25 Mn 0.1           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 South African Garnet Peridotites 25 Mn 0.13           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Boyd & Mertzman 1987 South Antilles Trench 25 Mn 0.07           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Sandwich Trench 25 Mn 0.06           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Spinel Peridotites 25 Mn   0.14         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 St. Lawrence River Particulates 25 Mn 700           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Stannern Eucrite 25 Mn 4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Stony Meteorites 25 Mn 400             Herzog 2004 Sumatra Trench 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Syenites 25 Mn 0.13         436 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk 25 Mn 100         38 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Tephrites 25 Mn 0.15         84 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tholeiites 25 Mn 0.18         190 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tinguaites 25 Mn 0.22         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tonalites 25 Mn 0.08         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tonalites 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Wedepohl 1991 Arth et al. 1978 Ermanovics et al. 1979 Tarney et al. 1979 Schermerhorn 1987 Paradis et al. 1988 Pohl & Emmermann 1991 Tepper et al. 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 25 Mn 0.06         553 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 25 Mn 0.07         641 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 25 Mn 0.05         355 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonga Trench 25 Mn 2.21           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tongan Basalts 25 Mn 0.17         70 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Trachyandesites 25 Mn 0.16         223 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Trachybasalts 25 Mn 0.16         155 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Trachytes 25 Mn 0.15         483 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Turbidites 25 Mn 0.08         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 25 Mn 0.11         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 25 Mn 0.14         14 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.17           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 600           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 527           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 25 Mn       0.361 0.384   wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Vanuatu Trench 25 Mn 0.21           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Venus Mantle 25 Mn 0.2           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus Mantle 25 Mn 0.09           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus N-MORB 25 Mn 0.17           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Wilson 1989 Veramin Mesosiderite 25 Mn 3.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Volcanoclastic Sediment 25 Mn 0.19         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 25 Mn 0.13         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 25 Mn 0.15         43 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Watson IIE Iron 25 Mn 2.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Websterites 25 Mn 0.09         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Winonaite Pontlyfni 25 Mn 2.02             Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 25 Mn 2.04             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Xenolites 25 Mn 0.13           wt% Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Y-74450 Eucrites 25 Mn 4.11             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Y-791491 Lodranite 25 Mn 2.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Yangtze Craton 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 25 Mn 0.09           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 25 Mn 0.11           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yukon River Particulates 25 Mn 1270           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Zeolite Clay 25 Mn 0.17         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998