GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Seawater 29 Cu 4     0.5 6     Bruland 1983 Marine Phosphorites 29 Cu 75 36   2 350 17 ppm Altschuller 1980 Active Continental Rifts 29 Cu 24           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 29 Cu 24           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Alaska Trench 29 Cu 49.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Alborz Mountains 29 Cu 60         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Aval et al. 1968 Aleutian Basalts 29 Cu 78.5         4 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Aleutian Trench 29 Cu 65.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 29 Cu 5.1   6       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Amazon River Particulates 29 Cu 266           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amour River Particulates 29 Cu 79           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amphibolites 29 Cu 92         189 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Andaman Trench 29 Cu 32.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 29 Cu 63.67         3 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 29 Cu 109.6         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Angra dos Reis Angrite 29 Cu 1100           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Archean Terrains 29 Cu 22           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Terrains 29 Cu 80           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Arenaceous Rocks 29 Cu 46         121 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 29 Cu 21         2754 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Ashy Clay 29 Cu 61.2         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite 29 Cu 9         1074 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Australian Granite 29 Cu 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Australian Granite 29 Cu 35         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite 29 Cu 9         704 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 29 Cu 27   5     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 29 Cu 35   17     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Bambui Group 29 Cu 30         14 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart 1974 Basalts 29 Cu 35.2         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 29 Cu 51.4         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 29 Cu 61.4         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts 29 Cu 61.9         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts 29 Cu 58.8         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Basalts 29 Cu 54.1         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 29 Cu 109         23 ppm Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 29 Cu 47.9         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 29 Cu 32.9         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 29 Cu 40.4         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 29 Cu 40.7         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basic Precambrian Granulites 29 Cu 65         25 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Battle Creek Formation 29 Cu 43         17 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Battle Creek Formation 29 Cu 30         7 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Belkinsk Akai Sayan 29 Cu 3         33 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Bereba Eucrite 29 Cu 3.78           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Bereba Eucrite 29 Cu 3.78           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Bialystok Howardite 29 Cu 0.77           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Bone Valley Formation 29 Cu 13         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Boninites 29 Cu 65.28         25 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Brown Clay 29 Cu 479.1         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 29 Cu 180.5         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Rock 29 Cu 30         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Carbonate 29 Cu 137.2         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 29 Cu 71         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 29 Cu 5.9         50 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 29 Cu 8         2038 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Cascade Basalt 29 Cu 46.8         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascadia Trench 29 Cu 51           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 29 Cu 167           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central American Basalts 29 Cu 118.17         13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 37           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 50           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 29           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 38           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 32           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 32           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 37           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 29 Cu 42           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 30000             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 29000             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 22000             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 31000             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 26000             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 32000             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 48000             Gao et al. 1998 Chassigny Meteorite 29 Cu 2.6           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chert 29 Cu 65.7         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 29 Cu 31.9         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 CI Chondrites 29 Cu 131   13.1       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 29 Cu 120           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 29 Cu 126   13.9     8 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 29 Cu 4.28   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 29 Cu 126           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 29 Cu 131   13.1       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 29 Cu 108           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 29 Cu 121           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 Clastic Turbidites 29 Cu 51         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 29 Cu 27.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Constantinople Eucrite 29 Cu 1.88           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Constantinople Eucrite 29 Cu 1.88           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Continental Arc Andesite 29 Cu 91.75         8 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 29 Cu 91.91         40 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 29 Cu 27           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 29 Cu 25           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 75           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 75           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 29 Cu 24           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 27.5           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 29 Cu 27           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 29 Cu 27           ppm Candela 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 29 Cu   0.54         wt% Candela 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 29 Cu 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 29 Cu 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 25           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 29 Cu 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 29 Cu 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 55           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust   Cu/Sc 1.23             Salters & Stracke 2004 Continental Shields & Platforms 29 Cu 24           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 29 Cu 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core 29 Cu 125           µg/g McDonough 1998 Core 29 Cu 125           ppm McDonough 2004 Danube River Particulates 29 Cu 89           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Depleted Mantle 29 Cu 30           ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Diatom Oozes & Clay 29 Cu 95.1         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 29 Cu 80.8         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 29 Cu 262.9         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 29 Cu 76.5         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diorite 29 Cu 21         260 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Dover Sandstone 29 Cu 10         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart & Schmidt 1974 DSDP/ODP Site 800 29 Cu 61.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 29 Cu 75.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 East China Craton 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 29 Cu 39           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East Sunda Trench 29 Cu 163           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Felsic Archean Granulites 29 Cu 15 8       196 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Granulites 29 Cu 29         137 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 29 Cu 22 13       116 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 29 Cu 15         972 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Frankfort Howardite 29 Cu 18.2           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 29 Cu 69.87         30 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 29 Cu 57           ppm Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Ganges River Particulates 29 Cu 30           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garonne River Particulates 29 Cu 51           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Granites 29 Cu 11         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites 29 Cu 19           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 29 Cu 6.6         402 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites 29 Cu 11         1226 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granulites 29 Cu 23 12       322 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 29 Cu 31 15       191 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites 29 Cu 53 27       216 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Greater Antilles Basalt 29 Cu 108.86         7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Green Clay 29 Cu 60.1         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Greywackes 29 Cu 24           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Hydrothermal Sediment 29 Cu 589.1         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 IAB Iron Meteorites 29 Cu 234           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IIAB Iron Meteorites 29 Cu 133           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IIIAB Iron Meteorites 29 Cu 156           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 Interior North China Craton 29 Cu 27           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 29 Cu 32           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 29 Cu 45           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 29 Cu 27           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 29 Cu 25           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 29 Cu 44         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 29 Cu 28.6         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 29 Cu 331.1         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Granulites 29 Cu 33         136 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 29 Cu 27 22       43 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 29 Cu 42 22       24 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 29 Cu 50 25       43 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 29 Cu 23         26 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Intra Stellar Medium 29 Cu 2.92   0.146         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Island Arc Andesite 29 Cu 75.44         18 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 29 Cu 84.86         74 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 29 Cu 10         323 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Island Arcs 29 Cu 60           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 IVA Iron Meteorites 29 Cu 137           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 IVB Iron Meteorites 29 Cu 9           µg/g Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983 Izu-Bonin Trench 29 Cu 71.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 29 Cu 88.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 29 Cu 122.1           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Jonzac Eucrite 29 Cu 8.52           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Jonzac Eucrite 29 Cu 8.52           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Juvinas Eucrite 29 Cu 2.44           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Juvinas Eucrite 29 Cu 2.44           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Kamchatka Basalt 29 Cu 75         9 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Trench 29 Cu 42.4           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kapoeta Howardite 29 Cu 3.71           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Kapoeta Howardite 29 Cu 2.44           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Kerm Trench 29 Cu 141.7           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kermadec Basalts 29 Cu 82.4         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kuriles Trench 29 Cu 88.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kyzyl Kum 29 Cu 2         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Kapustyanski 1964 La Caja Formation 29 Cu 40         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Rogers et al. 1956 Lena River Particulates 29 Cu 12.7           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Lesser Antilles Basalt 29 Cu 78.21         34 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 50           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 78           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 38           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 90           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 37.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 40           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 MacKenzie River Particulates 29 Cu 42           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mafic Archean Granulites 29 Cu 44 38       49 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulites 29 Cu 64         128 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 29 Cu 49 28       152 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Intrusions 29 Cu 54         308 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 29 Cu 56 48       21 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Makran Trench 29 Cu 99.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Manganese Nodules 29 Cu 4500           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Marianas Trench 29 Cu 68.4           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Organisms 29 Cu 12           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 250           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 250           ppm Li 1982 Marine Shales 29 Cu 45           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 29 Cu 45           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Mavic Volcanics 29 Cu 60         632 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 29 Cu 0.01         41 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Mekong River Particulates 29 Cu 107           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 29 Cu 22           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 29 Cu 21           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 29 Cu 22           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 29 Cu 22           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Metafelsic Volcanics 29 Cu 15         41 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Metalliferous Clay 29 Cu 292.2         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 29 Cu 26 16       48 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mexico Trench 29 Cu 287           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 20           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 26   8       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Mishash Formation 29 Cu 36         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Mazor 1963 Mississippi River Particulates 29 Cu 42           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Molteno Howardite 29 Cu 8.4           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Monterey Formation 29 Cu 25         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 N-MORB 29 Cu 74.4   21.7     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 N-MORB 29 Cu 137           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 29 Cu 82.3           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 N-MORB 29 Cu 68           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Nakhla Meteorite 29 Cu 12   6       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nakhla Nakhlite 29 Cu 5.03           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Nankai Trench 29 Cu 75           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 29 Cu 35.5         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Narbada River Particulates 29 Cu 127           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 New Hebrides Islands 29 Cu 126         6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Niger River Particulates 29 Cu 60           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Nile River Particulates 29 Cu 39           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 North Antilles Trench 29 Cu 116.8           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 41           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 37           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 36           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 33           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 29 Cu 0.007         8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Ob River Particulates 29 Cu 227           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Oceanic Crust 29 Cu 74           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Oceanic Crust 29 Cu 81           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Plateaus 29 Cu 133           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 29 Cu 85           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 29 Cu 66           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 29 Cu 124           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 29 Cu 70           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 29 Cu 2030           ppm Kerr 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 29 Cu 125           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 29 Cu 229           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceans Deep water 29 Cu 130           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980 Oceans Surface water 29 Cu 34           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980 Orangeite 29 Cu 26.8         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 29 Cu 112         3 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orgueil Chondrite 29 Cu 119         5 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orinoco River Particulates 29 Cu 73           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Oulad Abdoun Basin 29 Cu 150         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Pacific Ocean Deep Water 29 Cu 6             Bruland 1983 Pacific Ocean Surface Water 29 Cu 0.5             Bruland 1983 Paleozoic Orogens 29 Cu 22           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 29 Cu 24           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 75         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 176.4         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 338         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 176.4         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 106.9         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 287.2         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 29 Cu 277         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelites 29 Cu 29         69 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 29 Cu 32         1341 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Peninsular Range Batholith 29 Cu 13           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Peru Trench 29 Cu 179.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 29 Cu 99         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 29 Cu 266         18 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 29 Cu 142         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 29 Cu 267         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 29 Cu 169         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 29 Cu 39.6         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 29 Cu 105         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 29 Cu 60.8         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Philip Trench 29 Cu 144.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phosphoria Formation 29 Cu 0.01         61 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 29 Cu 100         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 29 Cu   100         ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Precambrian Canadian Shield 29 Cu 14           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Precambrian Granulites 29 Cu 38         88 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle 29 Cu 35           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 29 Cu 20   10       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill 1991 Primitive Mantle 29 Cu 30   4.5       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 29 Cu 28           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 29 Cu 20           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 O'Neill 1991 Primitive Mantle 29 Cu 6.4           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Pungo River Formation 29 Cu 60         2 ppm Altschuller 1980 Radiolarian Clay 29 Cu 130.5         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 29 Cu 271.4         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 29 Cu 271.4         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 29 Cu 51.1         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 29 Cu 70.2         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 29 Cu 0.003         20 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Rifted Continental Margins 29 Cu 27           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 29 Cu 23           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 River Particulates 29 Cu 100           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 29 Cu 1.6           ppb Li 1982 Boyle et al. 1982 Rivers 29 Cu 7           ppb Li 1982 Ryuku Trench 29 Cu 317.1           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Scotia Island Basalt 29 Cu 65.3         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Seawater 29 Cu 0.004             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 29 Cu 210             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Seawater 29 Cu 0.2           ppb Li 1982 Boyle 1976 Bruland 1980 Seawater 29 Cu 120           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Bruland 1980 Sera de Mage Eucrite 29 Cu 2.32           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Shergotty Meteorite 29 Cu 16   9       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Shergotty Shergottite 29 Cu 11.9           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Silicate Earth 29 Cu 30   4.5       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 29 Cu 30           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 29 Cu 30           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 29 Cu 24         23 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Silicified Limestone 29 Cu 32           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 29 Cu 173.3         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sioux County Eucrite 29 Cu 0.94           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Sioux County Eucrite 29 Cu 0.94           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Slope Lisbourne Group 29 Cu 350         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Patton & Matzko 1959 Solar Corona 29 Cu 4.31   0.4         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Corona 29 Cu 4.31   0.4         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Photosphere 29 Cu 4.21   0.04         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Photosphere 29 Cu 4.21   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar System 29 Cu 522   57.4     8   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 29 Cu 540             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solar System 29 Cu 4.28   0.428         Palme & Jones 2004 Solar System 29 Cu 514   61.68     6   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solid Earth 29 Cu 60           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 29 Cu 60           µg/g McDonough 1998 South Antilles Trench 29 Cu 92.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 29 Cu 38           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 29 Cu 29           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 29 Cu 28           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 29 Cu 33           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 31           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 33           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Sandwich Trench 29 Cu 95.1           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 29 Cu 11 9 9     94 ppm McDonough 1990 St. Lawrence River Particulates 29 Cu 130           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Stannern Trend Eucrites 29 Cu 1.04           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Stannern Trend Eucrites 29 Cu 20.7           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Stannern Trend Eucrites 29 Cu 20.7           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Stannern Trend Eucrites 29 Cu 1.04           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Subducted Sediment 29 Cu 75   16.07       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 29 Cu 39.4           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 29 Cu 152   27     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 29 Cu 45.1   0.5     86 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 29 Cu 88   2     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 29 Cu 43.9   2.9     17 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 29 Cu 34   2     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 29 Cu 25   4     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk 29 Cu 300         38 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Tonalites 29 Cu 19           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 29 Cu 27         553 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 29 Cu 20         641 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonga Trench 29 Cu 310.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 29 Cu 26.6         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 29 Cu 37.25         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 29 Cu 82         14 ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 14.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 25           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 28           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 28   4       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 25           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Vanuatu Trench 29 Cu 51.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Sediment 29 Cu 53.9         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 29 Cu 74.2         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 29 Cu 69         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Washougal Howardite 29 Cu 3.67           ppm Laul et al. 1972 Yangtze Craton 29 Cu 31           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 29 Cu 35           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 29 Cu 42           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 29 Cu 36           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 29 Cu 34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yemissei River Particulates 29 Cu 298           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Yukon River Particulates 29 Cu 416           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979