GERM Reservoir Database
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GERM Database Search Results
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Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Reference
===========
Default
Units ...
=======
ppm
ppb
ppt
wt%
wt%ox
=======
Default
Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Info
Reference
Source(s)
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member
29
Cu
0.003
20
ppm
Gulbrandsen 1966
Seawater
29
Cu
0.004
Broeker & Peng 1982
Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites
29
Cu
0.007
8
wt%ox
Manheim et al. 1980
Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member
29
Cu
0.01
41
ppm
Gulbrandsen 1966
Phosphoria Formation
29
Cu
0.01
61
ppm
Gulbrandsen 1966
Seawater
29
Cu
0.2
ppb
Li 1982
Boyle 1976
Bruland 1980
Pacific Ocean Surface Water
29
Cu
0.5
Bruland 1983
Bialystok Howardite
29
Cu
0.77
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Sioux County Eucrite
29
Cu
0.94
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Sioux County Eucrite
29
Cu
0.94
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Stannern Trend Eucrites
29
Cu
1.04
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Stannern Trend Eucrites
29
Cu
1.04
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Continental Crust
Cu/Sc
1.23
Salters & Stracke 2004
Rivers
29
Cu
1.6
ppb
Li 1982
Boyle et al. 1982
Constantinople Eucrite
29
Cu
1.88
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Constantinople Eucrite
29
Cu
1.88
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Dover Sandstone
29
Cu
10
4
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Cathcart & Schmidt 1974
Island Arcs
29
Cu
10
323
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Silver & Chappell 1998
Phosphoria Formation
29
Cu
100
60
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Gulbrandsen 1966
River Particulates
29
Cu
100
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
29
Cu
105
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wooden et al. 1993
Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
106.9
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mekong River Particulates
29
Cu
107
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
CI Chondrites
29
Cu
108
ppm
McDonough & Sun 1995
Palme 1988
Greater Antilles Basalt
29
Cu
108.86
7
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Basalts
29
Cu
109
23
ppm
Farmer 2004
Paslick et al. 1995
Andesites
29
Cu
109.6
50
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Plank & Langmuir 1988
Granites
29
Cu
11
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Kemp 2001
Granites
29
Cu
11
1226
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Spinel Peridotites
29
Cu
11
9
9
94
ppm
McDonough 1990
Shergotty Shergottite
29
Cu
11.9
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Angra dos Reis Angrite
29
Cu
1100
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Orgueil Chondrite
29
Cu
112
3
ppm
Anders & Ebihara 1982
North Antilles Trench
29
Cu
116.8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central American Basalts
29
Cu
118.17
13
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Orgueil Chondrite
29
Cu
119
5
ppm
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Marine Organisms
29
Cu
12
ppm
Li 1991
Bowen 1979
Nakhla Meteorite
29
Cu
12
6
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Lena River Particulates
29
Cu
12.7
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
CI Chondrites
29
Cu
120
ppm
McDonough & Sun 1995
Seawater
29
Cu
120
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Bruland 1980
CI Chondrites
29
Cu
121
ppm
McDonough & Sun 1995
Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
Java Trench
29
Cu
122.1
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Oceanic Plateaus
29
Cu
124
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Core
29
Cu
125
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Core
29
Cu
125
ppm
McDonough 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
29
Cu
125
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 2002
CI Chondrites
29
Cu
126
13.9
8
ppm
Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites
29
Cu
126
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Anders & Grevesse 1989
New Hebrides Islands
29
Cu
126
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Narbada River Particulates
29
Cu
127
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Bone Valley Formation
29
Cu
13
8
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Peninsular Range Batholith
29
Cu
13
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Oceans Deep water
29
Cu
130
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Bruland 1980
St. Lawrence River Particulates
29
Cu
130
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Radiolarian Clay
29
Cu
130.5
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
CI Chondrites
29
Cu
131
13.1
ppm
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites
29
Cu
131
13.1
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Palme & Beer 1993
IIAB Iron Meteorites
29
Cu
133
µg/g
Haack & McCoy 2004
Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Oceanic Plateaus
29
Cu
133
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
IVA Iron Meteorites
29
Cu
137
µg/g
Haack & McCoy 2004
Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
N-MORB
29
Cu
137
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Carbonate
29
Cu
137.2
13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Precambrian Canadian Shield
29
Cu
14
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
14
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
14
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1967
Shaw et al. 1976
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
14.3
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Kerm Trench
29
Cu
141.7
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
29
Cu
142
6
ppm
Farmer 2004
Lightfoot et al. 1990
Philip Trench
29
Cu
144.2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Felsic Archean Granulites
29
Cu
15
8
196
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Volcanics
29
Cu
15
972
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Metafelsic Volcanics
29
Cu
15
41
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Oulad Abdoun Basin
29
Cu
150
4
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
29
Cu
152
27
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
IIIAB Iron Meteorites
29
Cu
156
µg/g
Haack & McCoy 2004
Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Shergotty Meteorite
29
Cu
16
9
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
East Sunda Trench
29
Cu
163
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central America Trench
29
Cu
167
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
29
Cu
169
1
ppm
Farmer 2004
Peate 1997
Silty Mud
29
Cu
173.3
16
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
176.4
56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
176.4
56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Peru Trench
29
Cu
179.3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Frankfort Howardite
29
Cu
18.2
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Brown Clay
29
Cu
180.5
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Granites
29
Cu
19
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Tonalites
29
Cu
19
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Kyzyl Kum
29
Cu
2
5
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Kapustyanski 1964
Sera de Mage Eucrite
29
Cu
2.32
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite
29
Cu
2.44
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite
29
Cu
2.44
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Kapoeta Howardite
29
Cu
2.44
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Chassigny Meteorite
29
Cu
2.6
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Intra Stellar Medium
29
Cu
2.92
0.146
Palme & Jones 2004
Savage & Sembach 1996
Middle Continental Crust
29
Cu
20
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
29
Cu
20
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Primitive Mantle
29
Cu
20
10
ppm
Palme & O'Neill 2004
O'Neill 1991
Primitive Mantle
29
Cu
20
ppm
Palme & O'Neill 2004
O'Neill 1991
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
29
Cu
20
641
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Stannern Trend Eucrites
29
Cu
20.7
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Stannern Trend Eucrites
29
Cu
20.7
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Oceanic Plateaus
29
Cu
2030
ppm
Kerr 2004
Arenaceous Rocks
29
Cu
21
2754
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Diorite
29
Cu
21
260
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions
29
Cu
21
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Seawater
29
Cu
210
Li 1991
Whitfield & Turner 1987
Archean Terrains
29
Cu
22
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites
29
Cu
22
13
116
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions
29
Cu
22
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens
29
Cu
22
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens
29
Cu
22
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Orogens
29
Cu
22
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Central East China Craton
Cu/Au
22000
Gao et al. 1998
Ob River Particulates
29
Cu
227
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Oceanic Plateaus
29
Cu
229
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Granulites
29
Cu
23
12
322
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Intermediate Precambrian Granulites
29
Cu
23
26
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Rifted Continental Margins
29
Cu
23
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
IAB Iron Meteorites
29
Cu
234
µg/g
Haack & McCoy 2004
Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Active Continental Rifts
29
Cu
24
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Active Continental Rifts
29
Cu
24
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
29
Cu
24
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
29
Cu
24
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Shields & Platforms
29
Cu
24
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Greywackes
29
Cu
24
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Paleozoic Orogens
29
Cu
24
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Silicic Precambrian Granulites
29
Cu
24
23
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Continental Arcs
29
Cu
25
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
29
Cu
25
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust
29
Cu
25
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Interior North China Craton
29
Cu
25
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Monterey Formation
29
Cu
25
5
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
29
Cu
25
4
13
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
25
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
25
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
25
ppm
Taylor et al. 1983
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Marine Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
250
ppm
Li 1982
Marine Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
250
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1986
Continental Shields & Platforms
29
Cu
26
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites
29
Cu
26
16
48
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
26
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Eade and Fahrig 1973
Turbidites
29
Cu
26.6
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Orangeite
29
Cu
26.8
114
ppm
Farmer 2004
Mitchell 1995
Central East China Craton
Cu/Au
26000
Gao et al. 1998
Diatome Mud
29
Cu
262.9
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Amazon River Particulates
29
Cu
266
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
29
Cu
266
18
ppm
Farmer 2004
Lightfoot et al. 1990
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
29
Cu
267
1
ppm
Farmer 2004
Peate 1997
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites
29
Cu
27
5
14
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Continental Arcs
29
Cu
27
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
29
Cu
27
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
29
Cu
27
ppm
Candela 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
29
Cu
27
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
29
Cu
27
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Interior North China Craton
29
Cu
27
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
29
Cu
27
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites
29
Cu
27
22
43
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Rifted Continental Margins
29
Cu
27
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
29
Cu
27
553
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Colombia Trench
29
Cu
27.2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Crust
29
Cu
27.5
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1991
Radiolarian Clay
29
Cu
271.4
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay
29
Cu
271.4
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
277
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
28
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1994
Primitive Mantle
29
Cu
28
ppm
Hofmann 1988
Hart & Zindler 1986
South Margin of North China Craton
29
Cu
28
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
28
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
28
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
see text
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
28
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Interlayered Chert & Limestone
29
Cu
28.6
5
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mexico Trench
29
Cu
287
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
287.2
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
29
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Granulites
29
Cu
29
137
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
29
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Taylor 1987
Pelites
29
Cu
29
69
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
29
Cu
29
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Cu/Au
29000
Gao et al. 1998
Metalliferous Clay
29
Cu
292.2
12
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Yemissei River Particulates
29
Cu
298
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Belkinsk Akai Sayan
29
Cu
3
33
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970
Washougal Howardite
29
Cu
3.67
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Kapoeta Howardite
29
Cu
3.71
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Bereba Eucrite
29
Cu
3.78
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Bereba Eucrite
29
Cu
3.78
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Bambui Group
29
Cu
30
14
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Cathcart 1974
Battle Creek Formation
29
Cu
30
7
ppm
Altschuller 1980
De Keyser & Cook 1972
Brown Rock
29
Cu
30
3
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Depleted Mantle
29
Cu
30
ppm
Salters & Stracke 2004
Ganges River Particulates
29
Cu
30
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Primitive Mantle
29
Cu
30
4.5
ppm
McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth
29
Cu
30
4.5
ppm
McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth
29
Cu
30
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Silicate Earth
29
Cu
30
ppm
McDonough 2004
Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk
29
Cu
300
38
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970
Central East China Craton
Cu/Au
30000
Gao et al. 1998
Granulites
29
Cu
31
15
191
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
South Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
31
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton
29
Cu
31
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Chert
29
Cu
31.9
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Tonga Trench
29
Cu
310.2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central East China Craton
Cu/Au
31000
Gao et al. 1998
Ryuku Trench
29
Cu
317.1
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
32
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
32
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
29
Cu
32
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
32
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Middle Continental Crust
29
Cu
32
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998
Pelites
29
Cu
32
1341
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Silicified Limestone
29
Cu
32
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Upper Continental Crust
29
Cu
32
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998
Andaman Trench
29
Cu
32.8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Basalts
29
Cu
32.9
10
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung et al. 2001
Central East China Craton
Cu/Au
32000
Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Granulites
29
Cu
33
136
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
33
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
29
Cu
33
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
33
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interlayered Clay & Chert
29
Cu
331.1
12
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
338
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
East China Craton
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Oceans Surface water
29
Cu
34
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Bruland 1980
South Margin of North China Craton
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
29
Cu
34
2
7
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Yangtze Craton
29
Cu
34
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Australian Granite
29
Cu
35
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Whalen 1985
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites
29
Cu
35
17
18
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Primitive Mantle
29
Cu
35
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1991
Yangtze Craton
29
Cu
35
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Basalts
29
Cu
35.2
16
ppm
Farmer 2004
Rogers et al. 1998
Nano Ooze
29
Cu
35.5
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Slope Lisbourne Group
29
Cu
350
4
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Patton & Matzko 1959
Mishash Formation
29
Cu
36
3
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Mazor 1963
North Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
36
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton
29
Cu
36
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
37
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
37
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
37
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
North Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
37
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Turbidites
29
Cu
37.25
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
37.4
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
38
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust
29
Cu
38
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998a
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
38
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Precambrian Granulites
29
Cu
38
88
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
South Margin of North China Craton
29
Cu
38
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
East China Craton
29
Cu
39
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Nile River Particulates
29
Cu
39
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Sumatra Trench
29
Cu
39.4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
29
Cu
39.6
36
ppm
Farmer 2004
Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
Australian Granite
29
Cu
4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Collins et al. 1982
Seawater
29
Cu
4
0.5
6
Bruland 1983
Solar Photosphere
29
Cu
4.21
0.04
Palme & Jones 2004
Grevesse & Sauval 1998
Solar Photosphere
29
Cu
4.21
0.04
Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites
29
Cu
4.28
0.04
Palme & Jones 2004
Solar System
29
Cu
4.28
0.428
Palme & Jones 2004
Solar Corona
29
Cu
4.31
0.4
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Breneman & Stone 1985
Solar Corona
29
Cu
4.31
0.4
Anders & Grevesse 1989
La Caja Formation
29
Cu
40
8
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Rogers et al. 1956
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
40
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Villaseca et al. 1999
Basalts
29
Cu
40.4
5
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts
29
Cu
40.7
3
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wilson et al. 1997
North Qinling Belt in China
29
Cu
41
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yukon River Particulates
29
Cu
416
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
42
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites
29
Cu
42
22
24
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
MacKenzie River Particulates
29
Cu
42
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Mississippi River Particulates
29
Cu
42
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Yangtze Craton
29
Cu
42
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Kamchatka Trench
29
Cu
42.4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Battle Creek Formation
29
Cu
43
17
ppm
Altschuller 1980
De Keyser & Cook 1972
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
29
Cu
43.9
2.9
17
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Interlayerd Clay & Chert
29
Cu
44
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mafic Archean Granulites
29
Cu
44
38
49
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Interior North China Craton
29
Cu
45
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Marine Shales
29
Cu
45
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Marine Shales
29
Cu
45
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
29
Cu
45.1
0.5
86
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Manganese Nodules
29
Cu
4500
ppm
Li 1991
Baturin 1988
Arenaceous Rocks
29
Cu
46
121
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Cascade Basalt
29
Cu
46.8
5
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Basalts
29
Cu
47.9
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Conticelli et al. 1997
Brown Clay
29
Cu
479.1
29
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central East China Craton
Cu/Au
48000
Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites
29
Cu
49
28
152
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Alaska Trench
29
Cu
49.8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nakhla Nakhlite
29
Cu
5.03
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
ALH 77005 Meteorite
29
Cu
5.1
6
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Carbonates
29
Cu
5.9
50
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
29
Cu
50
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites
29
Cu
50
25
43
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
50
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998a
Cascadia Trench
29
Cu
51
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Clastic Turbidites
29
Cu
51
28
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Garonne River Particulates
29
Cu
51
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Radiolarites
29
Cu
51.1
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Basalts
29
Cu
51.4
4
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung 1999
Vanuatu Trench
29
Cu
51.6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Solar System
29
Cu
514
61.68
6
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solar System
29
Cu
522
57.4
8
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Granulitic Xenolites
29
Cu
53
27
216
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Volcanoclastic Sediment
29
Cu
53.9
15
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mafic Intrusions
29
Cu
54
308
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Basalts
29
Cu
54.1
44
ppm
Farmer 2004
Baker et al. 1997
Solar System
29
Cu
540
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Cameron 1982
Continental Crust
29
Cu
55
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor 1964
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites
29
Cu
56
48
21
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean
29
Cu
57
ppm
Klein 2004
Klein et al. 1991
Basalts
29
Cu
58.8
9
ppm
Farmer 2004
Hoang & Flower 1998
Hydrothermal Sediment
29
Cu
589.1
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pacific Ocean Deep Water
29
Cu
6
Bruland 1983
Primitive Mantle
29
Cu
6.4
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Jagoutz et al. 1979
Granites
29
Cu
6.6
402
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Alborz Mountains
29
Cu
60
3
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Aval et al. 1968
Island Arcs
29
Cu
60
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Mavic Volcanics
29
Cu
60
632
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Niger River Particulates
29
Cu
60
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Pungo River Formation
29
Cu
60
2
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Solid Earth
29
Cu
60
ppm
McDonough 2004
Solid Earth
29
Cu
60
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Green Clay
29
Cu
60.1
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
29
Cu
60.8
9
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wooden et al. 1993
Ashy Clay
29
Cu
61.2
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Basalts
29
Cu
61.4
8
ppm
Farmer 2004
Zhang & O'Reilly 1997
DSDP/ODP Site 800
29
Cu
61.5
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Basalts
29
Cu
61.9
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Price et al. 1997
Andesites
29
Cu
63.67
3
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Mafic Granulites
29
Cu
64
128
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Basic Precambrian Granulites
29
Cu
65
25
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Boninites
29
Cu
65.28
25
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Aleutian Trench
29
Cu
65.3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Scotia Island Basalt
29
Cu
65.3
10
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Chert
29
Cu
65.7
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Oceanic Plateaus
29
Cu
66
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1996
N-MORB
29
Cu
68
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Marianas Trench
29
Cu
68.4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
29
Cu
69
43
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
29
Cu
69.87
30
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Rivers
29
Cu
7
ppb
Li 1982
Oceanic Plateaus
29
Cu
70
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1996
Radiolarites
29
Cu
70.2
17
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites
29
Cu
71
87
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Izu-Bonin Trench
29
Cu
71.6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Orinoco River Particulates
29
Cu
73
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Oceanic Crust
29
Cu
74
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Hofmann 1988
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
29
Cu
74.2
13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
N-MORB
29
Cu
74.4
21.7
26
ppm
Hofmann 1988
Jochum et al. 1988
Continental Crust
29
Cu
75
ppm
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
29
Cu
75
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust
29
Cu
75
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Kamchatka Basalt
29
Cu
75
9
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Marine Phosphorites
29
Cu
75
36
2
350
17
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Nankai Trench
29
Cu
75
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
29
Cu
75
55
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Subducted Sediment
29
Cu
75
16.07
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 801
29
Cu
75.2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Island Arc Andesite
29
Cu
75.44
18
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Diatome Ooze
29
Cu
76.5
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
78
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Lesser Antilles Basalt
29
Cu
78.21
34
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Aleutian Basalts
29
Cu
78.5
4
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Amour River Particulates
29
Cu
79
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Carbonates
29
Cu
8
2038
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Middle Continental Crust
29
Cu
8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1994
Molteno Howardite
29
Cu
8.4
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Jonzac Eucrite
29
Cu
8.52
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Jonzac Eucrite
29
Cu
8.52
ppm
Laul et al. 1972
Archean Terrains
29
Cu
80
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Diatome Clay
29
Cu
80.8
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Oceanic Crust
29
Cu
81
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1981
Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites
29
Cu
82
14
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
N-MORB
29
Cu
82.3
ppm
Klein 2004
Niu et al. 1999
Kermadec Basalts
29
Cu
82.4
10
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arc Andesite
29
Cu
84.86
74
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
29
Cu
85
ppm
Kerr 2004
Hauff et al. 2000
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
29
Cu
88
2
31
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Japan Trench
29
Cu
88.5
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kuriles Trench
29
Cu
88.5
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Danube River Particulates
29
Cu
89
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Australian Granite
29
Cu
9
1074
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Wormald & Price 1988
Australian Granite
29
Cu
9
704
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Chappell & White 1992
IVB Iron Meteorites
29
Cu
9
µg/g
Haack & McCoy 2004
Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
90
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust
29
Cu
90
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Arc Andesite
29
Cu
91.75
8
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arc Andesite
29
Cu
91.91
40
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Amphibolites
29
Cu
92
189
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Antilles Trench
29
Cu
92.2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatom Oozes & Clay
29
Cu
95.1
15
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
South Sandwich Trench
29
Cu
95.1
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
29
Cu
99
1
ppm
Farmer 2004
Peate 1997
Makran Trench
29
Cu
99.6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Continental Crust
29
Cu
0.54
wt%
Candela 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Phosphoria Formation
29
Cu
100
ppm
Gulbrandsen 1966