GERM Reservoir Database
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GERM Database Search Results
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Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Reference
===========
Default
Units ...
=======
ppm
ppb
ppt
wt%
wt%ox
=======
Default
Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Info
Reference
Source(s)
Marine Apatites
64
Gd
4
20
13
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Marine Apatites
64
Gd
12.8
13
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Marine Shales
64
Gd
6
36
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Hermann 1970
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
197
9.259
6
ppb
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Evensen et al. 1978
Orgueil Chondrite
64
Gd
196
5
ppb
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solar System
64
Gd
0.331
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solar System
64
Gd
0.42
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Cameron 1982
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
196.6
2.75
4
ppb
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Orgueil Chondrite
64
Gd
199
7
ppb
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar Photosphere
64
Gd
1.12
0.04
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar System
64
Gd
0.33
0.00462
4
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Goalpara Ureilite
64
Gd
5
1
ppb
Boynton et al. 1976
Novo-Urei Ureilite
64
Gd
20
2
ppb
Boynton et al. 1976
Seawater
64
Gd
6e-06
Broeker & Peng 1982
North Atlantic Ocean Deep Water
64
Gd
7.19
Bruland 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1983
North Atlantic Ocean Surface Water
64
Gd
3.41
Bruland 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1983
North Pacific Ocean Deep Water
64
Gd
5.8
Bruland 1983
Masuda & Ikeuchi 1979
Seawater
64
Gd
6
3.4
7.2
Bruland 1983
Archean Terrains
64
Gd
3.14
ppm
Condie 1991
Post-Archean Terrrains
64
Gd
4.93
ppm
Condie 1991
Andesites
64
Gd
4.59
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
4.65
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
4.94
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
5.17
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
4.14
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
4.54
ppm
Condie 1993
Andesites
64
Gd
4.15
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
3.84
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
4.03
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
4.52
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
3.26
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
3.57
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
4.01
ppm
Condie 1993
Basalts
64
Gd
4.22
ppm
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
64
Gd
3.47
ppm
Condie 1993
Early Archean Upper Crust
64
Gd
3.58
ppm
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.24
ppm
Condie 1993
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.92
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.72
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.87
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.26
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.72
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
4.37
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
5.72
ppm
Condie 1993
Felsic Volcanics
64
Gd
5.8
ppm
Condie 1993
Granites
64
Gd
4.67
ppm
Condie 1993
Granites
64
Gd
8.17
ppm
Condie 1993
Granites
64
Gd
7.63
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
4.54
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
3.69
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
4.34
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
4.34
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
4.34
ppm
Condie 1993
Graywackes
64
Gd
3.69
ppm
Condie 1993
Komatiites
64
Gd
0.96
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
64
Gd
3.74
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Archean Upper Crust
64
Gd
3.58
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.24
ppm
Condie 1993
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.92
ppm
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.81
ppm
Condie 1993
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.11
ppm
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.19
ppm
Condie 1993
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.85
ppm
Condie 1993
North American Shale Composite (NASC)
64
Gd
5.2
ppm
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
5.04
ppm
Condie 1993
Paleozoic Upper Crust
64
Gd
4.71
ppm
Condie 1993
Sandstones
64
Gd
1.04
ppm
Condie 1993
Sandstones
64
Gd
1.52
ppm
Condie 1993
Shales
64
Gd
4.55
ppm
Condie 1993
Shales
64
Gd
5.6
ppm
Condie 1993
Shales
64
Gd
5.22
ppm
Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
64
Gd
2.98
ppm
Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
64
Gd
4.67
ppm
Condie 1993
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
64
Gd
4.09
ppm
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.45
ppm
Condie 1993
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.21
ppm
Condie 1993
Chert
64
Gd
2.3
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
DSDP/ODP Site 801
64
Gd
4.4
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
29.2
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Radiolarites
64
Gd
1.9
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Elliot et al. 1997
Basalts
64
Gd
8.03
6
ppm
Farmer 2004
Marzoli et al. 2000
Basalts
64
Gd
7.09
13
ppm
Farmer 2004
Robert et al. 1992
Basalts
64
Gd
12
6
ppm
Farmer 2004
Turner et al. 1996a
Basalts
64
Gd
5.56
3
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts
64
Gd
4.69
5
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wilson et al. 1997
Basalts
64
Gd
6.75
44
ppm
Farmer 2004
Baker et al. 1997
Basalts
64
Gd
8.43
16
ppm
Farmer 2004
Jung & Hoernes 2000
Basalts
64
Gd
6.92
4
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung 1999
Basalts
64
Gd
6.97
27
ppm
Farmer 2004
Farmer et al. 2002
Basalts
64
Gd
7.75
8
ppm
Farmer 2004
Marzoli et al. 2000
Basalts
64
Gd
6.08
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Price et al. 1997
Basalts
64
Gd
3.53
10
ppm
Farmer 2004
Chung et al. 2001
Orangeite
64
Gd
11.4
114
ppm
Farmer 2004
Mitchell 1995
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
64
Gd
4.09
9
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wooden et al. 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
64
Gd
3.91
7
ppm
Farmer 2004
Wooden et al. 1993
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts
64
Gd
6.56
36
ppm
Farmer 2004
Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
Primitive Mantle
Ti/Gd
36
Gao et al. 1998
Hofmann 1988
Aldan River
Ti/Gd
69.6
Godfrey et al. 1996
Apure River
Ti/Gd
93.8
Godfrey et al. 1996
Kolymar River
Ti/Gd
68.9
Godfrey et al. 1996
Lena River
Ti/Gd
72.2
Godfrey et al. 1996
Orinoco River
Ti/Gd
91.4
Godfrey et al. 1996
Parguaza River
Ti/Gd
81.2
Godfrey et al. 1996
Rio Negro River
Ti/Gd
68.5
Godfrey et al. 1996
Solimoes River
Ti/Gd
73.4
Godfrey et al. 1996
Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735
64
Gd
2.2
8
ppm
Hart et al. 1999
N-MORB
64
Gd
5.077
1.853
26
ppm
Hofmann 1988
Jochum et al. 1988
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.5128
ppm
Hofmann 1988
Hart & Zindler 1986
Aleutian Basalts
64
Gd
2.28
12
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Andes Basalt
64
Gd
4.79
10
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Andesites
64
Gd
3.61
5
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Boninites
64
Gd
0.92
55
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Cascade Basalt
64
Gd
3.37
11
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Central American Basalts
64
Gd
3.46
29
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arc Andesite
64
Gd
3.92
26
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Continental Arc Andesite
64
Gd
3.55
107
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
64
Gd
4.04
27
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Greater Antilles Basalt
64
Gd
3.09
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arc Andesite
64
Gd
3.1
134
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Island Arc Andesite
64
Gd
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Kamchatka Basalt
64
Gd
3.49
41
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Lesser Antilles Basalt
64
Gd
2.98
45
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Luzon Basalt
64
Gd
3.38
8
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Marianas Basalt
64
Gd
3.47
36
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
New Hebrides Islands
64
Gd
2.86
20
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Scotia Island Basalt
64
Gd
3.34
15
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
2.667
0.274
7
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
0.244
0.013
16
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
1.35
0.033
31
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
4.264
0.174
13
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
2.16
0.282
6
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks
64
Gd
4.26
0.041
42
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Tongan Basalts
64
Gd
3.49
5
ppm
Kelemen et al. 2004
Australian Granite
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.47
8
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Whalen 1985
Australian Granite
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.25
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Collins et al. 1982
Australian Granite
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.85
6
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Turner et al. 1992
Australian Granite
64
Gd
4
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Whalen 1985
Australian Granite
64
Gd
12.4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Collins et al. 1982
Australian Granite
64
Gd
7.52
6
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Turner et al. 1992
Continental Crust
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.61
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Granites
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.15
8
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Kemp 2001
Granites
(Gd/Yb)(N)
2.72
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Granites
64
Gd
2.34
8
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Kemp 2001
Granites
64
Gd
5.1
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Lower Continental Crust
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.7
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.1
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.5
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Peninsular Range Batholith
(Gd/Yb)(N)
5.51
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Peninsular Range Batholith
64
Gd
3.4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Sylvester 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
(Gd/Yb)(N)
3.3
355
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Martin 1995
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
64
Gd
2.2
355
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Martin 1995
Upper Continental Crust
(Gd/Yb)(N)
1.65
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
ppm
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
8.9
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
1.87
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
2.67
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
4.76
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3.5
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 1996
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
2.94
ppm
Kerr 2004
Kerr et al. 1997
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3.54
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
1.58
ppm
Kerr 2004
Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
2.87
ppm
Kerr 2004
Hauff et al. 2000
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3.46
ppm
Kerr 2004
Reynaud et al. 1999
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
2.07
ppm
Kerr 2004
Aitken & Echeverria 1984
Dupre & Echeverria 1984
Jochum et al. 1991
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
1.5
ppm
Kerr 2004
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
3.39
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
0
ppm
Kerr 2004
Salters et al. 1992
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
4.51
ppm
Kerr 2004
Mahoney et al. 1993
Oceanic Plateaus
64
Gd
4.14
ppm
Kerr 2004
Tejada et al. 2002
E-MORB
64
Gd
5.26
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean
64
Gd
3.49
ppm
Klein 2004
Klein et al. 1991
N-MORB
64
Gd
3.97
ppm
Klein 2004
Niu et al. 1999
N-MORB
64
Gd
2.44
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
N-MORB
64
Gd
3.5
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
64
Gd
4.32
ppm
Klein 2004
Lehnert 2000
Marine Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
7.8
ppm
Li 1982
Piper 1974
Rivers
64
Gd
0.008
ppb
Li 1982
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Seawater
64
Gd
0.0007
ppb
Li 1982
Manganese Nodules
64
Gd
32
ppm
Li 1991
Baturin 1988
Haynes et al. 1986
Marine Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
13
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Rankin & Glasby 1979
Marine Shales
64
Gd
5.2
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Haskin & Haskin 1966
Seawater
64
Gd
1.3
Li 1991
Whitfield & Turner 1987
Allende Meteorite
64
Gd
0.42
wt%ox
Martin & Mason 1974
Melitite-rich Chondrules
64
Gd
3.1
2.2
4
10
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Olivine Chondrules
64
Gd
0.75
0.46
1.1
3
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions
64
Gd
2.3
0.84
3.8
5
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions
64
Gd
4.6
4.5
4.6
2
ppm
Martin & Mason 1974
Congo River Particulates
64
Gd
2.5
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Garonne River Particulates
64
Gd
6.1
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
Mekong River Particulates
64
Gd
5.3
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
River Particulates
64
Gd
5
µg/g
Martin & Meybeck 1979
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
0.205
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Palme et al. 1981
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Beer et al. 1984
Jochum et al. 1986
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.605
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun 1982
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.74
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Wanke et al. 1984
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.506
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Hart & Zindler 1986
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.584
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
McDonough & Sun 1989
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.459
ppm
McDonough & Frey 1989
Taylor & McLennan 1985
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
199
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
197
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
204
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Palme 1988
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
544
54.4
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
544
54.4
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Spinel Peridotites
64
Gd
0.6
0.31
0.83
67
ppm
McDonough 1990
Garnet Peridotites
64
Gd
0.35
ppm
McDonough 1991
Maaloe & Aoki 1975
Jordan 1979
Boyd 1989
McDonough 1990
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites
64
Gd
0.304
ppm
McDonough 1991
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.595
ppm
McDonough 1991
McDonough & Frey 1989
Sun 1982
Spinel Peridotites
64
Gd
0.31
ppm
McDonough 1991
Maaloe & Aoki 1975
Jordan 1979
Boyd 1989
McDonough 1990
Core
64
Gd
0
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.54
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Solid Earth
64
Gd
0.37
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.54
ppm
McDonough 2004
Solid Earth
64
Gd
0.37
ppm
McDonough 2004
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
0.293
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.5128
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Hofmann 1988
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.595
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Sun 1982
Sun & McDonough 1989
McDonough & Frey 1989
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.459
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Silicate Earth
64
Gd
0.74
ppm
McDonough et al. 1992
Jagoutz et al. 1979
Wanke et al. 1984
ALH 77005 Meteorite
64
Gd
0.92
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
ALH 84001 Meteorite
64
Gd
0.14
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Chassigny Meteorite
64
Gd
0.11
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Nakhla Meteorite
64
Gd
0.86
0.08
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
QUE 94201 Meteorite
64
Gd
4.3
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Shergotty Meteorite
64
Gd
2.54
0.26
ppm
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
ALHA 77257 Urelite
64
Gd
12.4
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Jarosewich 1990
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Spitz & Boynton 1991
ALHA 81101 Urelite
64
Gd
10.4
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Spitz & Boynton 1991
Binda Eucrite
64
Gd
355
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
EET 84302 Acapulcoite
64
Gd
310
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Weigel et al. 1999
Frankfort Howardites
64
Gd
860
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
McCarthy et al. 1972
Palme et al. 1978
Gibson Lodranite
64
Gd
260
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Weigel et al. 1999
Havero Urelite
64
Gd
25
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Wanke et al. 1972
Ibitira Eucrite
64
Gd
1970
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Jarosewich 1990
Barrat et al. 2000
Johnstown Diogenite
64
Gd
240
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Wanke et al. 1977
Kapoeta Howardites
64
Gd
1250
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Wanke et al. 1972
MAC 88177 Lodranite
64
Gd
130
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Weigel et al. 1999
Macibini Eucrites
64
Gd
2300
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
McCarthy et al. 1973
Buchanan et al. 2000b
Moore County Eucrite
64
Gd
1260
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Serra De Mage Eucrite
64
Gd
407
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Sioux County Eucrite
64
Gd
2070
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Stannern Eucrite
64
Gd
4010
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Barrat et al. 2000
McCarthy et al. 1973
Y-74450 Eucrites
64
Gd
3400
ng/g
Mittlefehldt 2004
Wanke et al. 1977
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
1.08
0.02
Palme & Jones 2004
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
0.1966
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
0.204
0.0102
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Palme & Beer 1993
Solar Photosphere
64
Gd
1.12
0.04
Palme & Jones 2004
Grevesse & Sauval 1998
CI Chondrites
64
Gd
204
10.2
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Palme & Jones 2004
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3300
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
571
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
571
57.1
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.99
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov et al. 1997
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
6.53
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.052
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.09
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.52
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.47
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.042
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.052
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.004
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.36
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
1.68
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
3.35
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Glaser et al. 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
78.8
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.001
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.85
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.004
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Ionov 1996
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.016
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Eggins et al. 1998
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths
64
Gd
6.22
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Johnson et al. 1996
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.25
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
19.2
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.324
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
3.6
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gergoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.079
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.543
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.673
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
1.4
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.718
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.54
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Gregoire et al. 2002
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
2.23
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Cratonic Xenoliths
64
Gd
0.67
ppm
Pearson et al. 2004
Stachel et al. 1998
Alaska Trench
64
Gd
3.61
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Aleutian Trench
64
Gd
4.31
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Andaman Trench
64
Gd
3.3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Andesites
64
Gd
3.37
50
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Plank & Langmuir 1988
Ashy Clay
64
Gd
6.73
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Brown Clay
64
Gd
11.65
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Brown Clay
64
Gd
12.28
29
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate
64
Gd
2.63
13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Carbonate Turbidites
64
Gd
2.5
87
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Cascadia Trench
64
Gd
4.53
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Central America Trench
64
Gd
3.04
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert
64
Gd
2.33
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Chert
64
Gd
3.37
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Clastic Turbidites
64
Gd
4.53
28
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Colombia Trench
64
Gd
3.34
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatom Oozes & Clay
64
Gd
2.29
15
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Clay
64
Gd
3.8
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Mud
64
Gd
4.38
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Diatome Ooze
64
Gd
4.14
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 800
64
Gd
4.02
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
DSDP/ODP Site 801
64
Gd
4.37
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
East Sunda Trench
64
Gd
5.27
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Ferruginous Clay
64
Gd
7.88
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Green Clay
64
Gd
4.4
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Hydrothermal Sediment
64
Gd
27.91
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayerd Clay & Chert
64
Gd
4.5
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Chert & Limestone
64
Gd
2.07
5
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Interlayered Clay & Chert
64
Gd
33.72
12
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Izu-Bonin Trench
64
Gd
5.46
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Japan Trench
64
Gd
5.03
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Java Trench
64
Gd
6.23
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kamchatka Trench
64
Gd
3.33
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kerm Trench
64
Gd
16.32
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Kuriles Trench
64
Gd
5.03
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Makran Trench
64
Gd
7.23
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Marianas Trench
64
Gd
4.2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Metalliferous Clay
64
Gd
73.33
12
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Mexico Trench
64
Gd
8.19
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nankai Trench
64
Gd
5.13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nanno Ooze
64
Gd
2.865
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Nano Ooze
64
Gd
2.59
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
North Antilles Trench
64
Gd
5.09
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
5.8
56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
29.2
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
5.8
56
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
8.43
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
41.44
6
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
5.13
55
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Pelagic Clay
64
Gd
13
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Peru Trench
64
Gd
3.85
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Philip Trench
64
Gd
12.3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay
64
Gd
5.11
11
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay
64
Gd
5.32
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay
64
Gd
9.13
2
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarian Clay
64
Gd
5.32
8
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites
64
Gd
2.93
17
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Radiolarites
64
Gd
1.85
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Ryuku Trench
64
Gd
45.75
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Silicified Limestone
64
Gd
3.93
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Silty Mud
64
Gd
5.77
16
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
South Antilles Trench
64
Gd
6.36
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
South Sandwich Trench
64
Gd
2.29
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Subducted Sediment
64
Gd
5.26
2.04
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Sumatra Trench
64
Gd
4.01
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Tonga Trench
64
Gd
38.22
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Turbidites
64
Gd
3.67
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Turbidites
64
Gd
3.05
4
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Vanuatu Trench
64
Gd
3.91
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Sediment
64
Gd
3.89
15
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
64
Gd
3.32
43
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Volcanoclastic Turbidites
64
Gd
3.71
13
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Zeolite Clay
64
Gd
3.59
3
ppm
Plank & Langmuir 1998
Oceans Deep water
64
Gd
0.82
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1982
Oceans Surface water
64
Gd
0.54
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1982
Seawater
64
Gd
0.8
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Elderfield & Greaves 1982
Active Continental Rifts
64
Gd
3.4
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Active Continental Rifts
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Archean Terrains
64
Gd
3.1
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Arcs
64
Gd
3
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Arcs
64
Gd
3.5
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.6
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.1
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Wedepohl 1995
Continental Shields & Platforms
64
Gd
3.1
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Shields & Platforms
64
Gd
3.5
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Archean Granulites
64
Gd
4
2.7
32
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites
64
Gd
7.7
4.4
7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites
64
Gd
4.4
3.5
24
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites
64
Gd
3.1
2.8
18
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites
64
Gd
4.9
4.1
20
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.1
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Archean Granulites
64
Gd
5.5
3.9
16
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites
64
Gd
3.06
2.71
63
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites
64
Gd
6.9
4.7
21
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions
64
Gd
4
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens
64
Gd
3.9
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites
64
Gd
6.88
7.2
15
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Orogens
64
Gd
3.4
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Paleozoic Orogens
64
Gd
3.8
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Rifted Continental Margins
64
Gd
3.6
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Rifted Continental Margins
64
Gd
3
ppm
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.7
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.7
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.3
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
5.4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor 1964
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.1
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.13
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.1
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
6.8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Villaseca et al. 1999
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.67
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Condie & Selverstone 1999
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.6
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.31
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Taylor 1987
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
5.4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
2.11
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1994
Middle Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
0.3
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
see text
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
2.8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.8
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.21
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Condie 1993
Granulites
64
Gd
5.88
3.46
99
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Granulites
64
Gd
7.2
4.12
63
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Granulitic Xenolites
64
Gd
3.58
3.26
71
ppm
Rudnick & Presper 1990
Depleted D-MORB basalts
Ti/Gd
2020
Salters & Stracke 2004
Depleted Mantle
64
Gd
0.395
0.0395
ppm
Salters & Stracke 2004
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts
Ti/Gd
1937
Salters & Stracke 2004
Precambrian Canadian Shield
64
Gd
2.79
ppm
Shaw et al. 1986
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418
64
Gd
3.7
ppm
Staudigel et al. 1995
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418
64
Gd
3.65
ppm
Staudigel et al. 1996
Archean Terrains
64
Gd
3.2
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Archean Terrains
64
Gd
3.4
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.3
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Island Arcs
64
Gd
3.6
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.13
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.8
ppm
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
3.8
ppm
Taylor et al. 1983
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Upper Continental Crust
Ti/Gd
41
Taylor et al. 1983
Taylor & McLennan 1981
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites
64
Gd
0.26
0.03
14
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites
64
Gd
0.33
0.21
18
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Continental Crust
64
Gd
4.3
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1991
Oceanic Crust
64
Gd
4.6
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1981
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.513
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Hofmann 1988
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.44
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Wedepohl 1991
Primitive Mantle
64
Gd
0.5
ppm
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994
Continental Crust
64
Gd
4
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Greywackes
64
Gd
4
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust
64
Gd
5.4
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Tonalites
64
Gd
4.2
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust
64
Gd
2.8
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Depleted Mantle
64
Gd
0.358
0.332
0.379
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005
Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle
64
Gd
0.324
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005
Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle
64
Gd
0.397
ppm
Workman & Hart 2005