GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.9         1   Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 82.8         1   Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.2         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 1.85         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 3.28         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 70 Yb 2.99         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 70 Yb 2.92         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 70 Yb 2.09         1 ppm Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 17.3         10   Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.2         10   Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 70 Yb 1.33         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Kermadec Basalts 70 Yb 1.88         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Melitite-rich Chondrules 70 Yb 2.6     2.1 3.4 10 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Granulites   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.3 6.1       103   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 70 Yb 3.73 2.34       106 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Marine Phosphorites 70 Yb 14 10   4 40 11 ppm Altschuller 1980 Radiolarian Clay 70 Yb 2.47         11 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Felsic Archean Granulites 70 Yb 1.6 0.6       111 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Orangeite   La[n]/Yb[n] 92.2         114   Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Orangeite 70 Yb 1.23         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Basalts 70 Yb 2.07         12 ppm Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 70 Yb 3.1 2.9       12 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Interlayered Clay & Chert 70 Yb 15         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metalliferous Clay 70 Yb 31.28         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Orgueil Chondrite 70 Yb 166         12 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 70 Yb 166         12 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982 Tongan Basalts 70 Yb 1.62         12 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 70 Yb 1.53 1.17       120 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Arenaceous Rocks   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.08         121   Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 70 Yb 2.54         121 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granites   La[n]/Yb[n] 16.11         1226   Gao et al. 1998 Granites 70 Yb 1.93         1226 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulites   La[n]/Yb[n] 3.71         128   Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulites 70 Yb 2.98         128 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granulitic Xenolites   La[n]/Yb[n] 5.2 4       129   Rudnick & Presper 1990 Australian Granite 70 Yb 1.29         13 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Inger & Harris 1993 Basalts 70 Yb 1.92         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Carbonate 70 Yb 1.57         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Luzon Basalt 70 Yb 1.38         13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Marine Apatites 70 Yb       2 24 13 ppm Altschuller 1980 Marine Apatites 70 Yb 12.6         13 ppm Altschuller 1980 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 70 Yb 3.104   0.134     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 70 Yb 1.2         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Granulitic Xenolites 70 Yb 1.9 1.46       133 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Pelites   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.27         1341   Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 70 Yb 3.06         1341 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Granulites   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.32         136   Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Granulites 70 Yb 1.7         136 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Granulites   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.38         137   Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Granulites 70 Yb 1.46         137 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 70 Yb 0.3   0.02     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Bambui Group 70 Yb 6         14 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart 1974 Diatom Oozes & Clay 70 Yb 1.5         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Sediment 70 Yb 2.37         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Arc Andesite 70 Yb 1.82         159 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Basalts 70 Yb 2.58         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 70 Yb 1.83         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 159   5.724     16 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982 Evensen et al. 1978 Greater Antilles Basalt 70 Yb 1.95         16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Scotia Island Basalt 70 Yb 2.27         16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Silty Mud 70 Yb 2.8         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 70 Yb 0.219   0.009     16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Radiolarites 70 Yb 1.43         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Island Arc Andesite 70 Yb 1.86         171 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 70 Yb 0.31   0.12     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 3.08         18   Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 70 Yb 3.68         18 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Amphibolites   La[n]/Yb[n] 3.85         189   Gao et al. 1998 Amphibolites 70 Yb 2.46         189 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Spinel Peridotites   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.1 2.7 12     195   McDonough 1990 Ferruginous Clay 70 Yb 3.17         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 70 Yb 2.43         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nanno Ooze 70 Yb 1.92         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pungo River Formation 70 Yb 15         2 ppm Altschuller 1980 Radiolarian Clay 70 Yb 5.31         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 70 Yb 1.3     0.74 1.9 2 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 70 Yb       0.001 0.003 20 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Spinel Peridotites 70 Yb 0.26 0.27 0.14     201 ppm McDonough 1990 Carbonates   La[n]/Yb[n] 15.99         2038   Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 70 Yb 0.58         2038 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Granulites   La[n]/Yb[n] 29 17       208   Rudnick & Presper 1990 New Hebrides Islands 70 Yb 1.57         21 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Granulites 70 Yb 2.18 1.23       212 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Kimberlite   La[n]/Yb[n] 175.6         22   Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite 70 Yb 0.66         22 ppm Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 ODP Site 735 70 Yb 2.77 2.41       22 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Cascade Basalt 70 Yb 1.88         24 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.5         25   Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 21.9         26   Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 N-MORB 70 Yb 3.9   1.3     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 Diorite   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.47         260   Gao et al. 1998 Diorite 70 Yb 2.09         260 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Aleutian Basalts 70 Yb 1.4         27 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 25.6         27   Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts 70 Yb 1.44         27 ppm Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Arenaceous Rocks   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.82         2754   Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 70 Yb 2.14         2754 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Andes Basalt 70 Yb 1.83         28 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 70 Yb 1.32         28 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Clastic Turbidites 70 Yb 2.2         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 70 Yb 1.5 1.5       28 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Brown Clay 70 Yb 6.63         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central American Basalts 70 Yb 1.68         29 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Alborz Mountains 70 Yb 23         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Aval et al. 1968 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 14.8         3   Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 2.8         3   Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.2         3   Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 70 Yb 2.28         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 70 Yb 2.2         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Brown Rock 70 Yb 4         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Green Clay 70 Yb 2.11         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mishash Formation 70 Yb 5         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Mazor 1963 Olivine Chondrules 70 Yb 0.6     0.47 0.7 3 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 6.19         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 3.31         3   Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Zeolite Clay 70 Yb 1.85         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mafic Intrusions   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.33         308   Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Intrusions 70 Yb 1.7         308 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 0.99         31   Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 70 Yb 0.941   0.024     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 70 Yb 2.3 2.2       32 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 70 Yb 3.4 2.7       34 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 3.3         355   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 70 Yb 0.55         355 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 70 Yb 1.7 1.4       36 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Marine Shales 70 Yb 3.6         36 ppm Altschuller 1980 Hermann 1970 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 70 Yb 14.43         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Mafic Archean Granulites 70 Yb 3.1 2.2       37 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 70 Yb 4.43 3.6       37 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Ashy Clay 70 Yb 4.35         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 17.7         4   Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 70 Yb 1.46         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Brown Clay 70 Yb 6.69         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 70 Yb 1.21         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 70 Yb 1.76         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 162.5   2.6     4 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989 Diatome Ooze 70 Yb 2.51         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Hydrothermal Sediment 70 Yb 14.22         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 70 Yb 1.36         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oulad Abdoun Basin 70 Yb 30         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Radiolarites 70 Yb 0.96         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Slope Lisbourne Group 70 Yb 40         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Patton & Matzko 1959 Solar System 70 Yb 0.2479   0.00397     4   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Turbidites 70 Yb 1.97         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 70 Yb 1.97         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marianas Basalt 70 Yb 2.29         40 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Granites   La[n]/Yb[n] 21.95         402   Gao et al. 1998 Granites 70 Yb 2.32         402 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Kamchatka Basalt 70 Yb 1.89         41 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 70 Yb 0.001         41 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Metafelsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.89         41   Gao et al. 1998 Metafelsic Volcanics 70 Yb 1.7         41 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 70 Yb 2.951   0.032     42 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 70 Yb 1.3         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts 70 Yb 2.86         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 70 Yb 2.06         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 70 Yb 0.75         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Monterey Formation 70 Yb 5         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 4.51         5   Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 70 Yb 0.81     0.37 1.6 5 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Andesites 70 Yb 2.05         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Carbonates   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.42         50   Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 70 Yb 0.32         50 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 1.6         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   La[n]/Yb[n] 20.54         553   Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 70 Yb 1.25         553 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Lesser Antilles Basalt 70 Yb 1.59         56 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 2.6         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 2.6         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Arc Andesite 70 Yb 1.54         57 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.85         6   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Australian Granite 70 Yb 3.36         6 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 15.1         6   Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 70 Yb 2.07         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 70 Yb 2.2         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Diatome Clay 70 Yb 2.41         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 70 Yb 2.68         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 13         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 23.75         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 4.32         6   Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 70 Yb 2.47         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 70 Yb 1.5   0.212     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Phosphoria Formation 70 Yb 10         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966 Phosphoria Formation 70 Yb 0.001         61 ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 70 Yb 2.72         62 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Mavic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.03         632   Gao et al. 1998 Mavic Volcanics 70 Yb 2.39         632 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   La[n]/Yb[n] 16.78         641   Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 70 Yb 1.53         641 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Boninites 70 Yb 0.8         69 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Pelites   La[n]/Yb[n] 11.28         69   Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 70 Yb 2.74         69 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.7         7   Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 14.8         7   Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 23.4         7   Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 70 Yb 2.37         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 70 Yb 1.86         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 70 Yb 1.55         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 70 Yb 1.714   0.124     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.47         8   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite 70 Yb 2.25         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 19.3         8   Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.6         8   Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Basalts 70 Yb 1.85         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 70 Yb 1.71         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Bone Valley Formation 70 Yb 12         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Granites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.15         8   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites 70 Yb 1.67         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 La Caja Formation 70 Yb 7         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Rogers et al. 1956 Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 4.55         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 70 Yb 1.57         8 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Radiolarian Clay 70 Yb 2.82         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 70 Yb 2.82         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 70 Yb 1.5         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts 70 Yb 1.68         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 70 Yb 2.39         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Felsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.42         972   Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 70 Yb 3.31         972 ppm Gao et al. 1998 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 70 Yb 300           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Active Continental Rifts 70 Yb 1.8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 70 Yb 2.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 AII Fracture Zone Basalts 70 Yb 4.38           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Johnson & Dick 1992 Alaska Trench 70 Yb 2.12           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aleutian Trench 70 Yb 2.31           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 70 Yb 0.59   0.03       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 70 Yb 0.29   0.03       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84025 Brachinite 70 Yb 98           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a ALHA 77257 Urelite 70 Yb 68.8           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 70 Yb 47.5           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 70 Yb 300           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Allende Meteorite 70 Yb 0.31           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Amazon River Particulates 70 Yb 3.7           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Andaman Trench 70 Yb 1.85           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andean Andesites   Ce[n]/Yb[n] 10.3             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Andean Andesites 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Andesites   La[n]/Yb[n] 5.7             Condie 1993 Andesites   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.6             Condie 1993 Andesites   La[n]/Yb[n] 5.5             Condie 1993 Andesites   La[n]/Yb[n] 6.1             Condie 1993 Andesites   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.3             Condie 1993 Andesites   La[n]/Yb[n] 6.1             Condie 1993 Andesites   La[n]/Yb[n] 5.2             Condie 1993 Andesites 70 Yb 2           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 70 Yb 1.9           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 70 Yb 2           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 70 Yb 2           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 70 Yb 1.8           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 70 Yb 2.1           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 70 Yb 2           ppm Condie 1993 Angrite Angra Dos Reis 70 Yb 4820           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Angrite LEW 87051 70 Yb 1520           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Archean Amphibolites   Ce[n]/Yb[n] 23             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Archean Amphibolites 70 Yb 0.76           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Archean Terrains 70 Yb 1.25           ppm Condie 1991 Archean Terrains 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 70 Yb 2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Aubres Aubrite 70 Yb 101           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.25             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Australian Granite 70 Yb 8.2           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Barea Mesosiderite 70 Yb 473           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 2.8             Condie 1993 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 2.8             Condie 1993 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 26.1             Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 2.5             Condie 1993 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 2.7             Condie 1993 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 2.5             Condie 1993 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 1.3             Condie 1993 Basalts   La[n]/Yb[n] 2             Condie 1993 Basalts 70 Yb 2.5           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 70 Yb 2.5           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 70 Yb 2.7           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 70 Yb 2.6           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 70 Yb 2.3           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 70 Yb 2.8           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 70 Yb 2.7           ppm Condie 1993 Binda Eucrite 70 Yb 387           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Brachina Brachinite 70 Yb 220           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Nehru et al. 1983 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Al/Yb 5.44   0.35         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.86   0.27         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Sc/Yb 36.4   1.8         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Sm/Yb 0.89   0.04         McDonough & Sun 1995 Cascadia Trench 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 70 Yb 1.84           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.52             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.42             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.6             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.48             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.36             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.08             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.8             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.96             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.09             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.5             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.5             Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 2.25           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 2.17           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 2.16           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 2.03           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 2.29           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 2.26           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 1.67           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 1.93           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 1.91           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 2.05           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 70 Yb 2           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Chassigny Achondrite 70 Yb 100   20       ppb Boynton et al. 1976 Chassigny Meteorite 70 Yb 0.11   0.01       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 70 Yb 805           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Chert 70 Yb 1.2           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 CI Chondrites   Al/Yb 5.34             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.75             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   La[n]/Yb[n] 1             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 CI Chondrites   Sc/Yb 36.8             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Sm/Yb 0.919             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 165           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 159           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 0.237           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 0.166           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 165   8.25       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 0.95   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 0.165   0.00825       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 0.1625           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 70 Yb 161           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Colombia Trench 70 Yb 1.19           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Congo River Particulates 70 Yb 2.6           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Arcs 70 Yb 1.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 70 Yb 1.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.61             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust   Ce[n]/Yb[n] 4.4             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.53           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2200           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.9           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.1           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 3.66           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.038           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.018           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.001           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.893           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.12           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 1.46           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Johnson et al. 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.0003           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.015           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 6.1           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 5.7           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.32           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.202           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 1.96           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.215           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.018           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.21           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 1.23           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 1.9           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.247           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Shields & Platforms 70 Yb 1.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core 70 Yb 0           µg/g McDonough 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.05           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.359           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.121           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.906           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.21           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Stachel et al. 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 54.5           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.26           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.146           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.08           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.035           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 0.44           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gergoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 D'Orbigny Angrite 70 Yb 2130           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Danube River Particulates 70 Yb 4.6           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Depleted D-MORB basalts   Y/Yb 10.144             Salters & Stracke 2004 Depleted Mantle 70 Yb 0.365     0.353 0.374   ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted Mantle 70 Yb 0.401   0.02807       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle 70 Yb 0.348           ppm Workman & Hart 2005 DSDP/ODP Site 800 70 Yb 1.87           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 70 Yb 1.85           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 70 Yb 1.9           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 E-MORB 70 Yb 2.68           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Early Archean Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.6             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 12             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 70 Yb 1.63           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 70 Yb 1.49           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.1             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.8             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.32           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.23           ppm Condie 1993 East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.32             Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.96             Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 70 Yb 2.26           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 70 Yb 2.01           ppm Gao et al. 1998 East Sunda Trench 70 Yb 2.43           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 EET 83309 Urelite 70 Yb 76           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b EET 84302 Acapulcoite 70 Yb 250           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle 70 Yb 0.382           ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Enstatite Chondrites   Al/Yb 5.5   0.35         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.46   0.51         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Sc/Yb 37.9   3.1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Sm/Yb 0.86   0.05         McDonough & Sun 1995 Estherville Mesosiderite 70 Yb 730           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Felsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 3.1             Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 5.9             Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 6.1             Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 6.8             Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 5.8             Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 6.3             Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics   La[n]/Yb[n] 3.1             Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 70 Yb 2.9           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 70 Yb 2.76           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 70 Yb 3.9           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 70 Yb 3.1           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 70 Yb 2.6           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 70 Yb 3.9           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 70 Yb 2.9           ppm Condie 1993 Frankfort Howardites 70 Yb 620           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   Y/Yb 10.07             Salters & Stracke 2004 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 70 Yb 2.25           ppm Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Ganges River Particulates 70 Yb 3.2           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garnet Peridotites 70 Yb   0.085         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garonne River Particulates 70 Yb 2.8           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Gibson Lodranite 70 Yb 270           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Goalpara Ureilite 70 Yb 24   2       ppb Boynton et al. 1976 Granites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 2.72             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.6             Condie 1993 Granites   La[n]/Yb[n] 15.2             Condie 1993 Granites   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.3             Condie 1993 Granites 70 Yb 3.2           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 70 Yb 1.55           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 70 Yb 2           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 70 Yb 3.5           ppm Condie 1993 Granulites   Ce[n]/Yb[n] 9.3             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Granulites 70 Yb 1.2           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Graywackes   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.7             Condie 1993 Graywackes   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.8             Condie 1993 Graywackes   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.8             Condie 1993 Graywackes   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.7             Condie 1993 Graywackes   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.7             Condie 1993 Graywackes   La[n]/Yb[n] 11.3             Condie 1993 Graywackes 70 Yb 1.4           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 70 Yb 1.8           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 70 Yb 1.4           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Condie 1993 Greywackes 70 Yb 2.1           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Havero Urelite 70 Yb 25           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 IAB Campo del Cielo 70 Yb 110           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Landes 70 Yb 190           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Udei Station 70 Yb 147           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Ibitira Eucrite 70 Yb 1710           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Igneous Rocks 70 Yb 1.1           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Schnetzler & Philpotts 1969 Igneous Rocks 70 Yb 1           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Jerome 1970 Interior North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.02             Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.83             Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.31             Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.01             Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.12             Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 70 Yb 1.89           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 70 Yb 1.83           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 70 Yb 1.64           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 70 Yb 2.03           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 70 Yb 1.83           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Island Arc Andesite 70 Yb             ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Izu-Bonin Trench 70 Yb 2.9           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 70 Yb 2.82           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 70 Yb 3.24           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Johnstown Diogenite 70 Yb 170           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Juvinas Eucrite 70 Yb 1.7           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke et al. 1972 Schnetzler & Philpotts 1969 Jerome 1970 Kamchatka Trench 70 Yb 1.88           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kapoeta Howardites 70 Yb 890           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Kerm Trench 70 Yb 7.38           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Komatiites   La[n]/Yb[n] 0.4             Condie 1993 Komatiites 70 Yb 0.84           ppm Condie 1993 Kuriles Trench 70 Yb 2.82           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Late Archean Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.1             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 11.5             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 70 Yb 1.56           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 70 Yb 1.72           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.8             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.5             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.33           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.4           ppm Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.7             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 0.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 3.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.5           ppm Wedepohl 1995 MAC 88177 Lodranite 70 Yb 160           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Macibini Eucrites 70 Yb 1840           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b Magdalena River Particulates 70 Yb 3.7           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Makran Trench 70 Yb 3.93           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Malvern Howardites 70 Yb 1350           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Manganese Nodules 70 Yb 20           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Haynes et al. 1986 Marianas Trench 70 Yb 1.86           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 3           ppm Li 1982 Piper 1974 Marine Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 7.3           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Rankin & Glasby 1979 Marine Shales 70 Yb 2.6           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 70 Yb 3.1           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Haskin & Haskin 1966 Mekong River Particulates 70 Yb 3.2           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 70 Yb 2.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 70 Yb 2.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 70 Yb 2.3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 70 Yb 2.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 6.7             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 7             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.36           ppm Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.33           ppm Condie 1993 META 78008 Urelite 70 Yb 84           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Mexico Trench 70 Yb 4.22           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.5             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 0.76           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2   0.09       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 0.63           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.8             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.1             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.18           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.28           ppm Condie 1993 Miles IIE Iron 70 Yb 730           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Miles IIE Iron 70 Yb 290           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Mincy Mesosiderite 70 Yb 403           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Moore County Eucrite 70 Yb 1040           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 MORB Basaltic Glass 70 Yb 3.18           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 70 Yb 4.14           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 70 Yb 3.59           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 70 Yb 4.75           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 70 Yb 3.9           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 N-MORB 70 Yb 2.3           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 70 Yb 3.42           ppm Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 N-MORB 70 Yb 2.72           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 70 Yb 2.63           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 Nakhla Meteorite 70 Yb 0.39   0.02       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nankai Trench 70 Yb 1.6           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 North American Shale Composite (NASC)   La[n]/Yb[n] 6.1             Condie 1993 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 70 Yb 1.9           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 70 Yb 1.8           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke & Palme 1974 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 70 Yb 3.1           ppm Condie 1993 North Antilles Trench 70 Yb 2.39           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Atlantic Ocean Deep Water 70 Yb 4.79             Bruland 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1983 North Atlantic Ocean Surface Water 70 Yb 3.55             Bruland 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1983 North Pacific Ocean Deep Water 70 Yb 5.4             Bruland 1983 Masuda & Ikeuchi 1979 North Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.39             Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 11.22             Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 11.19             Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.05             Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.95             Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 2.51           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 2.19           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 1.97           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 2.76           ppm Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 2.43           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 70 Yb 0.0023           wt% Manheim et al. 1980 Ehrlich 1968 Novo-Urei Ureilite 70 Yb 45   5       ppb Boynton et al. 1976 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 70 Yb 2410           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Oceanic Crust 70 Yb 3.3           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Crust 70 Yb 3.9           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.71           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 1.36           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.83           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 4.25           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.3           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.75           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.71           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 1.89           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.4           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.47           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 1.36           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 1.8           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 1.3           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 0.5           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 1.82           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.53           ppm Kerr 2004 Reynaud et al. 1999 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.57           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 2.87           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1995 Oceanic Plateaus 70 Yb 1.42           ppm Kerr 2004 Oceans Deep water 70 Yb 0.81           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 Oceans Surface water 70 Yb 0.61           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 70 Yb 2.82           ppm Staudigel et al. 1995 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 70 Yb 2.69           ppm Staudigel et al. 1996 Ordinary Chondrites   Al/Yb 5.45   0.24         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.88   0.3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Sc/Yb 37.7   1.9         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Sm/Yb 0.9   0.04         McDonough & Sun 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 70 Yb 171           ng/g Grossman et al. 1985 Paleozoic Orogens 70 Yb 1.8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 7             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 6.7             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.29           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 70 Yb 2.33           ppm Condie 1993 Parana River Particulates 70 Yb 3.5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Pelagic Clay 70 Yb 13           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 70 Yb 41           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Peninsular Range Batholith   (Gd/Yb)(N) 5.51             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Peninsular Range Batholith 70 Yb 0.51           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 70 Yb   0.354         ppm McDonough 1991 Peru Trench 70 Yb 2.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Petersburg Eucrites 70 Yb 1599           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Philip Trench 70 Yb 6.28           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phosphoria Formation 70 Yb   10         ppm Gulbrandsen 1966 Post-Archean Terrrains 70 Yb 2.25           ppm Condie 1991 Precambrian Canadian Shield 70 Yb 1.47           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle   La[n]/Yb[n] 1             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 462   46.2       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.4144           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.372           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.62           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.48           ppm McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.32           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.475           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.41           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.49           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 462           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb   0.481         ppm McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.43           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.46           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.414           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.37           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 441   44.1       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 70 Yb 0.489           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 70 Yb 200           ng/g Grossman et al. 1985 QUE 94201 Meteorite 70 Yb 3.3   0.3       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Radiolarites 70 Yb 1           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Rifted Continental Margins 70 Yb 1.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 70 Yb 2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 River Particulates 70 Yb 3.5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 70 Yb 0.004           ppb Li 1982 Martin & Meybeck 1979 Ryuku Trench 70 Yb 19.86           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sandstones   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.3             Condie 1993 Sandstones   La[n]/Yb[n] 13.1             Condie 1993 Sandstones 70 Yb 0.52           ppm Condie 1993 Sandstones 70 Yb 0.84           ppm Condie 1993 Seawater 70 Yb 0.9           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 Seawater 70 Yb 5e-06             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 70 Yb 5     3.5 5.4     Bruland 1983 Seawater 70 Yb 1.5             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Seawater 70 Yb 0.0008           ppb Li 1982 Sera de Mage Eucrite 70 Yb 0.37           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Schnetzler & Philpotts 1969 Serra De Mage Eucrite 70 Yb 510           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Shales   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.1             Condie 1993 Shales   La[n]/Yb[n] 8             Condie 1993 Shales   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.7             Condie 1993 Shales 70 Yb 2.95           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 70 Yb 2.86           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 70 Yb 2.43           ppm Condie 1993 Shalka Diogenite 70 Yb 30           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Shallowater Aubrite 70 Yb 77           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Shergotty Meteorite 70 Yb 1.52   0.15       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Silicate Earth 70 Yb 0.4144           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Silicate Earth 70 Yb 0.44           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 70 Yb 0.372           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 70 Yb 0.44           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicate Earth 70 Yb 0.49           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Silicate Earth 70 Yb 0.481           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Silicate Earth 70 Yb 441   44.1       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicified Limestone 70 Yb 1.4           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sioux County Eucrite 70 Yb 1940           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Solar Photosphere 70 Yb 1.08   0.15         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Photosphere 70 Yb 1.08   0.15         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar System 70 Yb 0.2             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solar System 70 Yb 0.243             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solid Earth 70 Yb 0.3           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 70 Yb 0.3           µg/g McDonough 1998 South Antilles Trench 70 Yb 2.76           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.56             Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.09             Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.44             Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.45             Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.86             Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 70 Yb 2.1           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 70 Yb 2.26           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 70 Yb 2.14           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 70 Yb 2.51           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.45             Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.64             Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.39             Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China   La[n]/Yb[n] 7.67             Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 2.58           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 2.51           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 2.38           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 70 Yb 2.54           ppm Gao et al. 1998 South Sandwich Trench 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 70 Yb   0.27         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Stannern Eucrite 70 Yb 2810           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Subducted Sediment 70 Yb 2.76   0.88       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 70 Yb 2.14           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonalites 70 Yb 2.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.5             Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.9             Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   La[n]/Yb[n] 18.2             Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 70 Yb 1.7           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 70 Yb 1           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Condie 1993 Tonga Trench 70 Yb 17.01           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 70 Yb 3.28           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Upper Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.65             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust   Ce[n]/Yb[n] 7.4             Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 8.7             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 9             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.3             Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.82           ppm Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.91           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.02           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.91           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.96   0.4       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Vanuatu Trench 70 Yb 2.37           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Veramin Mesosiderite 70 Yb 112           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 70 Yb 1.2           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Watson IIE Iron 70 Yb 242           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Winonaite Pontlyfni 70 Yb 90           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 70 Yb 159           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Y-74450 Eucrites 70 Yb 2610           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Y-791491 Lodranite 70 Yb 120           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Yangtze Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 10.94             Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 9.76             Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 14.34             Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 12.08             Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton   La[n]/Yb[n] 11.24             Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 70 Yb 2.33           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 70 Yb 1.95           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 70 Yb 2.34           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 70 Yb 1.86           ppm Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 70 Yb 2.24           ppm Gao et al. 1998