GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

GERM Database Search Results        
Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s)
Seawater 79 Au 2.5e-05             Broeker & Peng 1982
Seawater 79 Au 5e-05             Falkner & Edmond 1990
Silicate Earth 79 Au 0.001           ppm Composition of the Silicate Earth as given by elemental abundances in ppm (and wt%). McDonough 2004
Silicate Earth 79 Au 0.001           µg/g Compostioinal models for the bulk Earth, core and silicate Earth are modified after McDonough & Sun (1995). McDonough 1998
Manganese Nodules 79 Au 0.002           ppm Average concentrations of various elements found in deep sea Manganese nodules.  Sea salt components are subtracted assuming all chloride is of seawater origin. Li 1991 Baturin 1988
Marine Pelagic Clay 79 Au 0.002           ppm Average concentrations for various elements enriched in Oceanic Pelagic Clays.  Compared to the element values of Shales, the Pelagic Clays are relatively similar with few exceptions.   All sea salt components are subtracted from the sample analysis assuming all chloride is of seawater origin. Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Baturin 1988
Rivers 79 Au 0.002           ppb Average concentration of elements in filtered river water.  These values are used in conjuction with concentrations taken from the same elements in unfiltered sea water and then used in equations given in Li 1982 to determine mean oceanic residence time of particular elements.  Problems arise however with the relative pollution found in average river waters, and a lack of adequate data for filtered seawater to make a better comparison to filtered river water (which in this instance is found to be the most ideal comparison, yet the most difficult to perform). Li 1982
Marine Shales 79 Au 0.0025           ppm Average concentrations of various elements in shales, note that the values are within a factor of two or better as compared to Oceanic Pelagic Clays with a few exceptions.  The exceptions, as far as this reference is concerned, are not critical and any conclusions drawn are applicable to both Oceanic Pelagic Clays and Shales.  Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Wedepohl 1969
Marine Pelagic Clay 79 Au 0.003           ppm Average concentrations of elements in oceanic pelagic clays.  The elemental values found in the Pelagic clays give good indications on river input of elements to the oceans.  From river sources to mid oceanic ridge sinks this is also a good indicator of atmospheric conditions for varying periods of world history.   Li 1982
Seawater 79 Au 0.004           ppb Average concentration of elements in unfiltered seawater.  These values are used in conjuction with concentrations taken from the same elements in filtered river water and then used in equations (given in Li 1982) to determine mean oceanic residence time of particular elements.  Problems arise however with the relative pollution found in average river waters, and a lack of adequate data for filtered seawater to make a better comparison to filtered river water (which in this instance is found to be the most ideal comparison, yet the most difficult to perform). Li 1982
ALH 84001 Meteorite 79 Au 0.009           ppb Mars elemental abundances as given by ALH84001 meteorite, which is an orthopyroxenite, as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Depleted Mantle 79 Au 0.02             Gold abundances in the upper mantle normalized to the C1 Chondrite value of 145 ppb taken from Orgueil Chondrite values in Anders & Ebihara 1982. Jones & Drake 1986 Morgan et al. 1980
Seawater 79 Au 0.03             Elemental average concentrations of the deep Atlantic and deep Pacific waters summarized by Whitfield & Turner 1987.  Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987
Koide et al. 1986
Koide et al. 1986
Koide et al. 1987

Congo River Particulates 79 Au 0.04           µg/g Elemental particulates in major South American rivers. Averages for major elements are weighted according to the suspended load prior to the construction of dams, for trace elements the average contents are mean values. Martin & Meybeck 1979
Parana River Particulates 79 Au 0.07           µg/g Elemental particulates in major South American rivers. Averages for major elements are weighted according to the suspended load prior to the construction of dams, for trace elements the average contents are mean values. Martin & Meybeck 1979
CI Chondrites 79 Au 0.14           ppm Abundance of elements in the solar system from Anders & Grevesse 1989 study of CI meteorites. Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989
IVB Iron Meteorites 79 Au 0.14           µg/g Average elemental composition of Group IVB meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Sera de Mage Eucrite 79 Au 0.14           ppb Major, minor and trace element abundances as found in Eucrites from Serra de Mage (Brazil).  Sample analyzed by INAA at University of Oregon. Serra de Mage has a relatively high, but variable, plagioclase content as compared to other Eucrites.  The calcic nature of this plagioclase makes Serra de Mage perhaps the best meteoric analogue to lunar anorthosites and ancient terrestrial calcic anorthosites. Morgan et al. 1978
CI Chondrites 79 Au 0.148   0.00592       ppm Abundance of elements in the solar system based off of Palme & Beer 1993 study of CI meteorites. Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993
Jochum 1996
IVB Iron Meteorites 79 Au 0.15           µg/g Calculated Initial Liquid Composition of the Earth Core from IVB meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Solid Earth 79 Au 0.16           µg/g Compostioinal models for the bulk Earth, core and silicate Earth are modified after McDonough & Sun (1995). McDonough 1998
Solid Earth 79 Au 0.16           ppm Bulk elemental composition of the Solid Earth with concentrations given in ppm (and wt% where noted). McDonough 2004
Solar System 79 Au 0.186   0.0279     39   Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solar System 79 Au 0.187   0.02805     41   Solar atomic abundances based on an average of C1 chondrites. Values are not normalised to 100% but they are relative to 10E6 Silica atoms. Anders & Grevesse 1989
ALH 77005 Meteorite 79 Au 0.21   0.02       ppb Mars elemental abundances as given by ALH77005 meteorite, which is a lherzolitic shergottite, as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Solar System 79 Au 0.21             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982
Igneous Rocks 79 Au 0.23           ppb Major, minor and trace element abundances of eucrites from Moore County which much like the Serra de Mage is cumulate and unbrecciated. However, Moore County eucrites have less plagioclase than Serra de Mage and the plagioclase that it does have is much less calcic.  According to Hess and Henderson 1949 this eucrite resembles a terrestrial norite in bulk composition. Moore County Morgan et al. 1978
Amazon River Particulates 79 Au 0.25           µg/g Elemental particulates in major South American rivers. Averages for major elements are weighted according to the suspended load prior to the construction of dams, for trace elements the average contents are mean values. Martin & Meybeck 1979
Metafelsic Volcanics 79 Au 0.25         41 ppb Average of 38 subsamples and 3 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Y-74450 Eucrites 79 Au 0.27           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Y-74450 eucrite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977
North Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 0.28           ppb Compostional estimate of the North Qinling orogenic belt. Average composition of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 79 Au 0.3         8 ppb Composition of Blake plateau phosphorite and comparable deposits. Data was taken from analyses of composites of 8 phosphorites. Manheim et al. 1980
Sioux County Eucrite 79 Au 0.33           ppb Elemental abundance of the Sioux County meteorite.  Classified as a eucrite the sample consisted of one or several chips between 500-300 mg, and no cleaning was attempted before irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Sioux County Eucrite 79 Au 0.33           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Carbonates 79 Au 0.41         50 ppb Average of 45 subsamples and 5 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Granites 79 Au 0.41         402 ppb Average of 369 subsamples and 33 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Chassigny Achondrite 79 Au 0.469           ppb Trace element abundances of the Chassigny meteorite given by Treiman et al. 1986.  These values along with those of the C1 Chondrites are used mainly for comparison and normalization of values taken from other sources pertaining to Urelites.  Janssens et al. 1987 Treiman et al. 1986
Diorite 79 Au 0.47         260 ppb Average of 243 subsamples and 17 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 79 Au 0.47           ppb Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Gao et al. 1998
Core 79 Au 0.5           ppm Elemental composition of the Earth's core as given in ppm unless stated as wt. %. McDonough 2004
Core 79 Au 0.5           µg/g Compostioinal models for the bulk Earth, core and silicate Earth are modified after McDonough & Sun (1995). McDonough 1998
QUE 94201 Meteorite 79 Au 0.5           ppb Mars elemental abundances as given by QUE94201 meteorite, which is a basalitc shergottite, as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 79 Au 0.51         641 ppb Average of 596 subsamples and 45 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Nakhla Nakhlite 79 Au 0.55           ppb Elemental abundance of the Nakhla meteorite.  Classified as a Nakhlite, the sample itself consists of material from one or several chips between 500 and 300 mg. No cleaning was attempted prior to irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Spinel Peridotites 79 Au 0.65 0.5 0.53     30 ppb McDonough 1990
Ureilite Rock Metal 79 Au 0.65         5 ppm Low Iridium values indicative of bulk rock values. Janssens et al. 1987
Central East China Craton 79 Au 0.66           ppb Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Gao et al. 1998
Middle Continental Crust 79 Au 0.66           ng/g Major and Minor element compositional estimates of the Middle Continental crust as given by Gao et al. 1998a. Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace elements abundances are given in ¿g/g or ng/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998
Middle Continental Crust 79 Au 0.66           ng/g Major and Minor element compositional estimates of the Middle Continental crust as given by This Study (Rudnick and Gao 2004). Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace elements abundances are given in ¿g/g or ng/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004
South Margin of North China Craton 79 Au 0.66           ppb Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Volcanics 79 Au 0.67         972 ppb Average of 895 subsamples and 77 composites. Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 0.69           ppb Compostional estimate of the North Qinling orogenic belt. The middle crust of the North Qinling belt is assumed to consist of the underthrusted South Qinling middle crust (see text for explanation). Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 79 Au 0.69           ppb Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 0.69           ppb Compostional estimate of the South Qinling orogenic belt. Gao et al. 1998
IIIAB Iron Meteorites 79 Au 0.7           µg/g Calculated Initial Liquid Composition of the Earth Core from IIIAB meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Macibini Eucrites 79 Au 0.7           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Macibini Eucrite. Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973
Buchanan et al. 2000b
IIAB Iron Meteorites 79 Au 0.71           µg/g Average elemental composition of Group IIAB meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Nakhla Meteorite 79 Au 0.72   0.2       ppb Mars elemental abundances as given by Nakhla meteorite (nakhlite) as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
Chassigny Meteorite 79 Au 0.73   0.3       ppb Mars elemental abundances as given by Chassigny meteorite (chassignite) as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 79 Au 0.76           ppb Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 79 Au 0.8           ppb Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 0.82           ppb Compostional estimate of the South Qinling orogenic belt. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
CI Chondrites 79 Au 0.84   0.02         CI Meteorite derived solar system abundances of various elements. Palme & Jones 2004
South Margin of North China Craton 79 Au 0.85           ppb Compostional estimate of the south margin of the North China craton. Average composition of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
Primitive Mantle 79 Au 0.88   0.0968       ppb Elemental composition of the Primitive Mantle of the Earth as given from this study and other various sources. These elemental values are compared to those of CI Chondrites given by Palme & Jones 2004 Treatise of Geochemistry. Comments given by the authors in reference to these values: HSE, Ir/Au = 3.63 ¿ 0.13, H-chondrite Palme & O'Neill 2004 Kallemeyn et al. 1989
Primitive Mantle 79 Au 0.88           ppb Elemental abundances of the Primitive Mantle of the Earth as given by various sources. This set of values are given as a comparison to those of the Bulk Continental Crust given by Rudnick & Gao of the Treatise on Geochemistry Chapter 3.1. Palme & O'Neill 2004 Kallemeyn et al. 1989
Interior North China Craton 79 Au 0.89           ppb Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Gao et al. 1998
Shergotty Meteorite 79 Au 0.92   0.08       ppb Mars elemental abundances as given by Shergotty meteorite (basalitc shergottite) as given in Lodders 1988. Mars elemental abundances as given by Shergotty meteorite, which is a basalitc shergottite, as given in Lodders 1988. McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998
North American Shale Composite (NASC) 79 Au 0.95           ppb Major, minor and trace element concentrations of eucrites from Ibitira which is a vesicular unbrecciated eucrite sample. The vesicular nature of Ibitira is possibly due to the fact that it crystallzed at a low pressure relative to other eucrites. This sample has been analyzed according to Neutron Activation using a single chip of the Ibitira sample.  Morgan et al. 1978
Mafic Granulites 79 Au 0.99         128 ppb Average of 93 subsamples and 35 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Depleted Mantle 79 Au 1   0.48       ppb Estimate for the concentrations in the Depleted Mantle of most of the elements of the Periodic Table.  Ir/Au is the element ratio/constraint used to make this estimate. Salters & Stracke 2004
Felsic Granulites 79 Au 1         137 ppb Average of 116 subsamples and 21 composites. Gao et al. 1998
IIAB Iron Meteorites 79 Au 1           µg/g Calculated Initial Liquid Composition of the Earth Core from IIAB meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Primitive Mantle 79 Au 1           ppb Pyrolite model for the silicate Earth composition based on peridotites, komatiites and basalts. Error estimate is subjective. McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth 79 Au 1           ppb Pyrolite model for the silicate Earth composition based on peridotites, komatiites and basalts. Error estimate is subjective. McDonough & Sun 1995
Mavic Volcanics 79 Au 1.01         632 ppb Average of 538 subsamples and 49 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Solar Photosphere 79 Au 1.01   0.15         Abundances in Solar Photosphere; in original table: log N(H) = 12.00. Uncertain data. Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar Photosphere 79 Au 1.01   0.15         Elemental solar photospheric abundances as given by various references. Values are defined as uncertain by Grevesse and Sauval 1998. Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998
Mafic Intrusions 79 Au 1.05         308 ppb Average of 276 subsamples and 32 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 79 Au 1.05         553 ppb Average of 502 subsamples and 51 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 79 Au 1.06           ppb Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 1.06           ppb Compostional estimate of the Southern Qinling orogenic belt. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Manganese Nodules 79 Au 1.1     0.1 7.4   ppb Concentrations of gold in Manganese Nodules. Falkner & Edmond 1990 Koide et al. 1986
South Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 1.1           ppb Compostional estimate of the South Qinling orogenic belt. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
IIIAB Iron Meteorites 79 Au 1.12           µg/g Average elemental composition of Group IIIAB meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Interior North China Craton 79 Au 1.12           ppb Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 79 Au 1.18           ppb Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Gao et al. 1998
East China Craton 79 Au 1.18           ppb Compostional estimate of East China. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average mafic granulite from Archean high-grade terrains in Central East China (Appendix 1). Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 79 Au 1.19           ppb Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 79 Au 1.2           ppb Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 79 Au 1.2           ppb Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 79 Au 1.21           ppb Average composition for Central East China. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average mafic granulite from Archean high-grade terrains in Central East China (Appendix 1). Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust 79 Au 1.21           ng/g Major and trace element compositional estimates of the Bulk Continental Crust given by Gao et al. 1998a. Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace elements in either ng/g or ¿g/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a
Central East China Craton 79 Au 1.24           ppb Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.24           ng/g Estimates of trace element compositions of the Upper Continental Crust. These values are taken from Gao et al. 1998 and represent averages from surface exposures. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 79 Au 1.29           ppb Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust 79 Au 1.3           ppb Elemental data on selected ore metals of Veins/Homestake deposit type. All values are taken from Rudnick & Gao 2004 of the Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier. Candela 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 79 Au 1.3           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust 79 Au 1.3           ng/g Recommended composition of the Bulk Continental Crust where the total-crust composition is calculated according to the upper, middle and lower-crust compositions obtained in this study and corresponding weighing factors of 0.317, 0.296 and 0.388. The weighing factors are based on the layer thickness of the global continental crust, recalculated from crustal structure and areal proportion of various tectonic units given by Rudnick and Fountain 1995. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Carbonates 79 Au 1.31         2038 ppb Average of 1922 subsamples and 116 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 79 Au 1.32           ppb Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 79 Au 1.35           ppb Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Calculated according to 70% intermediate granulite plus 15% mafic granulite plus 15% metapelite from central East China (Appendix 1; for detailed explanation see text). Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Granulites 79 Au 1.35         136 ppb Average of 115 subsamples and 21 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Arenaceous Rocks 79 Au 1.36         121 ppb Average of 110 subsamples and 11 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Marine Apatites 79 Au 1.4         7 ppb Au contents of sedimentary marine apatite from four major localities. Au contents derived from seven different composites according to Fire assay and Neutron Activation Analysis given in ppb. Altschuller 1980
Yangtze Craton 79 Au 1.4           ppb Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 1.44           ppb Compostional estimate of the Northern Qinling orogenic belt. Average compostion of granulite terrains and calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 79 Au 1.5           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Nuevo Laredo Eucrites. Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987
Pelagic Oozes 79 Au 1.5     0.6 5.3   ppb Concentrations of gold in Marine Pelagic Sediments. Falkner & Edmond 1990 Crocket et al. 1973
Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.5   0.4       ng/g Recommended composition of the Upper Continental Crust as given by various sources which are listed in Table 1 and 2 of Rudnick and Gao 2004 as well as in the text. Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text








Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.5           ng/g Recommended composition of the Upper Continental Crust as given by various sources which are listed in Table 1 and 2 of Rudnick and Gao 2004 as well as in the text. Rudnick & Gao 2004
IVA Iron Meteorites 79 Au 1.55           µg/g Average elemental composition of Group IVA meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Interior North China Craton 79 Au 1.57           ppb Compostional estimate of the interior of the North China craton. Average compostion of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 79 Au 1.58           ppb Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average mafic granulite from Archean high-grade terrains in Central East China (Appendix 1). Gao et al. 1998
Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 1.58           ng/g Major and trace element compositional estimates of the lower continental crust as given by Gao et al. 1998a using seismic velocities and granulite data from the North China craton. Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace elements in either ng/g or ¿g/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a
IVA Iron Meteorites 79 Au 1.6           µg/g Calculated Initial Liquid Composition of the Earth Core from IVA meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 1.6           ng/g Recommended composition of the Lower Continental crust as given by various sources. Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace element concentrations are given in either ng/g or ¿g/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a
Ureilite Vein Metal 79 Au 1.6         5 ppm High Iridium values indicative of vein material. Janssens et al. 1987
Johnstown Diogenite 79 Au 1.7           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Johnstown Diogenite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977
IAB Iron Meteorites 79 Au 1.75           µg/g Average elemental composition of Group IAB meteorites. Haack & McCoy 2004 Chabot & Drake 2000
Jones & Drake 1983
Sera de Mage Eucrite 79 Au 1.75           ppb Elemental abundance of the Serra de Mag¿ meteorite.  Classified as an unbrecciated eucrite, the sample used was a powder which had been reconstituted in the original proportions from magnetically separated pyroxene and feldspar fractions. Laul et al. 1972
Pelites 79 Au 1.76         69 ppb Average of 60 subsamples and 9 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Pelites 79 Au 1.8         1341 ppb Average of 1238 subsamples and 103 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Sera de Mage Eucrite 79 Au 1.8           ppb Element abundances of the Serra de Mage eucrite as analyzed by various different sources.  These values are placed against the values found in this study (Morgan et al. 1978) according to INAA. Morgan et al. 1978 Laul et al. 1972
Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.8           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.8           ng/g Estimates of trace element compositions of the Upper Continental Crust. These values are taken from Taylor and McLennan 1985 & 1995 and represent estimates derived from sedimentary and loess data. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Precambrian Canadian Shield 79 Au 1.81           ppb Shaw et al. 1986
Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.81           ng/g Estimates of trace element compositions of the Upper Continental Crust. These values are taken from Shaw et al. 1967 & 1976 and represent averages from surface exposures. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967
Shaw et al. 1976
Central East China Craton 79 Au 1.88           ppb Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Average composition of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
Pelagic Oozes 79 Au 1.9     0.1 6.3   ppb Concentrations of gold in Marine Pelagic Sediments. Falkner & Edmond 1990 Koide et al. 1986
Estherville Mesosiderite 79 Au 10.4           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Estherville Mesosiderite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press
Simpson & Ahrens 1977
Watson IIE Iron 79 Au 10.9           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Watson IIE Iron. Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994
Seawater 79 Au 11           ng/kg This mean ocean concentratio has been calculated based on the correlation expressions in Table 1, assuming a salinity of 35¿, a nitrate concentratio of 30 ¿mol/kg, a phosphate concentratio of 2 ¿mol/kg and a silicate concentratio of 110 ¿mol/kg. Where possible data is from the Pacific ocean that shows the greates variations; otherwhise data is from the Atlantic ocean. Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Schutz & Turekian 1965
Molteno Howardite 79 Au 11.4           ppb Elemental abundance of the Molteno meteorite.  Classified as a Howardite, the sample itself consists of light material from one or several chips between 500 and 300 mg. No cleaning was attempted prior to irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
ALHA 81101 Urelite 79 Au 11.6           ng/g Trace element compositional data on ALHA81101 Urelite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Spitz & Boynton 1991
Brachina Brachinite 79 Au 12.6           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Brachina Brachinite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Nehru et al. 1983
Barea Mesosiderite 79 Au 13.4           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Barea Mesosiderite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973
Mittlefehldt in press
Goalpara Ureilite 79 Au 13.7           ppb Trace element abundances of the Goalpara meteorite first reported by Higuchi et al. 1976.  These trace element values are given in an effort to resolve a disagreement about Ir and W values being associated with veins or bulk rock. These values are compared to other vein and bulk rock values obtained via other meteorites analyzed in this study. Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
LL Ordinary Chondrites 79 Au 134           ng/g Concentratons of elements in mean LL chondrites which were determined by both INAA and RNAA. After analyses, the sameples were then prepared in thin section and prepared for optic analyses by electron microprobe. Grossman & Wasson 1985
Orgueil Chondrite 79 Au 135           ng/g Bulk compositions of Orgueil chondrules as measured by INAA. Bulk compositions of Orgueil chondrules as measured by INAA. Grossman et al. 1985
CI Chondrites 79 Au 139           ppb C1 Chondrite trace element abundances as found by Anders and Ebihara 1982.  All Urelite values given by other sources are normalized to these values simply to put the data on a common scale. Janssens et al. 1987 Anders & Ebihara 1982
CI Chondrites 79 Au 140   21     41 ppb Mean C1 chondrite from atomic abundances based on C = 3.788E-3*H*A where C = concentration; H = atomic abundance and A = atomic weight. Values are not normalised to 100% Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 79 Au 140           ppb C1 Carbonaceous chondrite major and minor element compositions as given in Palme 1988. These values are given in an effort to accurately represent the C1 chondrites as based on an array of sources and derive a revised model for the composition of the Earth. McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988
CI Chondrites 79 Au 140           ppb Based on measurements on 3 out of 5 carbonaceous chrondrites namely Orgueil, Ivuna and Alais. McDonough & Sun 1995
CI Chondrites 79 Au 144           ppb C1 Carbonaceous chondrite major and minor element compositions as given in Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988. These values are given in an effort to accurately represent the C1 chondrites as based on an array of sources and derive a revised model for the composition of the Earth. McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
Orgueil Chondrite 79 Au 145         25 ppb Solar system abundances of major and minor elements as based on studies from the Orgueil Meteorite. Abundances in the Orgueil meteorite are adequately close to the C1 chondrite mean except for REE, in which case other studies will yield more preferable results Anders & Ebihara 1982
Orgueil Chondrite 79 Au 145         27 ppb Orgueil meteorite measurements. Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 79 Au 148   5.92       ppb Composition of the Primitive Mantle of the Earth as based on CI Chondritic major and trace element compositions from Chapter 1.03 Palme & Jones 2004 Treatise of Geochemistry. Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004
Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 79 Au 149           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Acapulcoites. Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991
Zipfel et al. 1995
Marine Organisms 79 Au 15           ppm Concentration values of various elements found in marine organisms. Element concentrations are mainly from brown algae data from Bowen 1979, which are also indicative of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Li 1991 Bowen 1979

Allende Meteorite 79 Au 168           ng/g Concentratons of elements in the Allende chondrites which were determined by both INAA and RNAA. After analyses, the sameples were then prepared in thin section and prepared for optic analyses by electron microprobe. Grossman & Wasson 1985
IAB Campo del Cielo 79 Au 169           ng/g Trace element compositional data on IAB from Campo del Cielo. Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977
Havero Ureilite 79 Au 17.2           ppb Trace element abundances of the Havero (bulk) meteorite first reported by Higuchi et al. 1976.  These trace element values are given in an effort to resolve a disagreement about Ir and W values being associated with veins or bulk rock. These values are compared to other vein and bulk rock values obtained via other meteorites analyzed in this study. Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
Havero Ureilite Vein Metal 79 Au 174           ppb Trace element abundances of the Havero Vein sample B18-2 analyzed here by Janssens et al. 1987.  According to analysis of the siderophile elements of Havero, this sample is highly enriched in vein material as indicated by noble gas and this trace element data.  .. Janssens et al. 1987
Goalpara Ureilite 79 Au 19   6       ppm Elemental abundances of the Goalpara Meteorite which is a urelite achondrite. Abundances were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and also Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis in order to attain more precise data for REEs. Boynton et al. 1976
Washougal Howardite 79 Au 2.04           ppb Elemental abundance of the Washougal meteorite.  Classified as a Howardite, the sample itself consists of material from one or several chips between 500 and 300 mg. No cleaning was attempted prior to irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Zagami Shergottite 79 Au 2.1           ppb Elemental abundance of the Zagami meteorite.  Classified as a Shergottite, the sample itself consists of material from one or several chips between 500 and 300 mg. No cleaning was attempted prior to irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Arenaceous Rocks 79 Au 2.12         2754 ppb Average of 2628 subsamples and 126 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Kapoeta Howardite 79 Au 2.15           ppb Elemental abundance of the Kapoeta meteorite.  Classified as a Howardite, the sample itself consists of light material from the gas-rich, brecciated meteorite were obtained by Dr. Brian Mason (U.S. National Museum). Laul et al. 1972
Granites 79 Au 2.21         1226 ppb Average of 1140 subsamples and 86 composites. Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 79 Au 2.21           ppb Compostional estimate of the Yangtze craton. Average composition of granulite terrains. Gao et al. 1998
Anoxic Coastal Sediments 79 Au 2.4     0.4 5.9   ppb Concentrations of gold in Anoxic Coastal Sediments. Falkner & Edmond 1990 Koide et al. 1986
North Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 2.43           ppb Compostional estimate of the North Qinling orogenic belt. Includes sedimentary carbonates. Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust 79 Au 2.5           ppb UCC = calculated from rock averages compiled by Crocket (1974) in the proportions of Figure 2; LCC partly from Sigednolfi & Santos (1976) and partly from gabbro. Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 79 Au 2.5           ng/g Major and trace element compositional estimates of the Bulk Continental Crust given by Wedepohl 1995. Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace elements in either ng/g or ¿g/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
North Qinling Belt in China 79 Au 2.66           ppb Compostional estimate of the North Qinling orogenic belt. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Bereba Eucrite 79 Au 2.82           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Bereba Eucrite 79 Au 2.82           ppb Elemental abundance of the B¿r¿ba meteorite.  Sample consisted of one or several chips between 500-300 mg, and no cleaning was attempted before irradiation.  Laul et al. 1972
Manganese Nodules 79 Au 2.9     0.2 8.3   ppb Concentrations of gold in Manganese Nodules. Falkner & Edmond 1990 Harriss et al. 1968
ALHA 77257 Urelite 79 Au 20           ng/g Trace element compositional data on ALHA77257 Urelite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Spitz & Boynton 1991
ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 79 Au 200           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Acapulcoite ALHA77081. Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982
EET 84302 Acapulcoite 79 Au 204           ng/g Trace element compositional data on achondrite EET84302 which is between Acapulcoite and lodranite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999
Lafayette Nakhlite 79 Au 21           ppb Elemental abundance of the Lafayette meteorite.  Classified as a Nakhlite, the sample itself consists of material from one or several chips between 500 and 300 mg. No cleaning was attempted prior to irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
META 78008 Urelite 79 Au 21.4           ng/g Trace element compositional data on META 78008 Urelite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
Miles IIE Iron 79 Au 22           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Miles IIE Iron. Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997
Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 22000             Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Gao et al. 1998
Havero Urelite 79 Au 24           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Havero Urelite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972
Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 79 Au 24           ppm Elemental abundance range of urelites as taken from all achondritic meteorites as found in Mason 1971. Abundances were obtained by INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis). Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971
Stannern Trend Eucrites 79 Au 24.5           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Stannern Trend Eucrites 79 Au 24.5           ppb Elemental abundance of the Stannern  meteorite sample 2.  Classified as a eucrite the sample was taken from a region of the meteorite that has a pure white/grey color.  Conversley to sample 1, this sample has lower abundances of trace elements. Laul et al. 1972
Miles IIE Iron 79 Au 25           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Miles IIE Iron. Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997
Seawater 79 Au 25             Unknown distribution type. AuCl2[1-] is the probable main species in oxygenated seawater. Range and average concentrations normalized to 35¿ salinity. Accuracy and concentration range are uncertain. Bruland 1983
Winonaite Pontlyfni 79 Au 250           ng/g Trace element compositional data on the Pontlyfni Winonaite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977
Davis et al. 1977
Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 26000             Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Winonaite Tierra Blanca 79 Au 261           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Tierra Blanca Winonaite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985
Jarosweich 1990
IAB Landes 79 Au 270           ng/g Trace element compositional data on IAB from Landes. Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977
Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 79 Au 275           ng/g Bulk elemental compositions of Quingzhen whole rock as measured by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Grossman et al. 1985
Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 29000             Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Calculated on a sedimentary carbonate rock-free basis. Gao et al. 1998
Y-791491 Lodranite 79 Au 291           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Lodranite Y-791491. Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999
Continental Crust 79 Au 3           ng/g Major and trace element compositional estimates of the Bulk Continental Crust given by Taylor and McLennan 1985 & 1995. Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace elements in either ng/g or ¿g/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust 79 Au 3           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust 79 Au 3           ppb Enrichment of elements in the bulk continental crust given by Rudnick & Gao from Chapter 3.1 of the Treatise on Geochemistry 2004. Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
North American Shale Composite (NASC) 79 Au 3.2           ppm Element concentrations of the Ibitira eucrite as found by Wanke et al. 1974 which in this case is the only other source that has comparative data on this sample. Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke & Palme 1974
Frankfort Howardites 79 Au 3.4           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Frankfort Howardite. Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972
Palme et al. 1978
Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 3.4           ng/g Major and trace element compositional estimates of the lower continental crust as given by Taylor and McLennan 1985, 1995 using average lower crustal abundances. Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace elements in either ng/g or ¿g/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 3.4           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 79 Au 3.4           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Pe¿a Blanca Spring Aubrite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983
Lodders et al. 1993
Kapoeta Howardite 79 Au 3.71           ppb Elemental abundance of the Kapoeta meteorite.  Classified as a Howardite, the sample itself consists of dark material from the gas-rich, brecciated meteorite were obtained by Dr. Brian Mason (U.S. National Museum). Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite 79 Au 3.8           ppb Element concentrations for Juvinas eucrite as analyzed by various different sources.  This particular sample has been studied quite a bit, so relevant data to compare to values found by this study (Morgan et al. 1978) are in great abundance. Morgan et al. 1978 Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite 79 Au 3.82           ppb Elemental abundance of the Juvinas meteorite.  Classified as a eucrite the sample consisted of one or several chips between 500-300 mg, and no cleaning was attempted before irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite 79 Au 3.82           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Jonzac Eucrite 79 Au 3.93           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Jonzac Eucrite 79 Au 3.93           ppb Elemental abundance of the Jonzac meteorite.  Classified as a eucrite the sample consisted of one or several chips between 500-300 mg, and no cleaning was attempted before irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Bialystok Howardite 79 Au 3.94           ppb Elemental abundance of the Bialystok meteorite.  Classified as a Howardite, the sample itself consists of one or several chips between 500-300 mg. No cleaning was attempted before irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 30000             Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average worldwide mafic granulite xenolith using the median values of Rudnick & Fountain (1995). Gao et al. 1998
Novo-Urei Ureilite 79 Au 31           ppb Trace element abundances of the Novo Urei meteorite originally given by Higuchi et al. 1976. Novo Urei happens to be the second in line as far as richest in siderophile element abundances, second only to Kenna Meteorite.  Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
Kenna Ureilite 79 Au 31.8         1 ppb Abundances of the trace elements found in the Kenna Meteorite taken from sample H159.23 from the American Meteorite Laboratory.  This bulk urelite sample is the richest in siderophile elements. Janssens et al. 1987
Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 31000             Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average mafic granulite from Archean high-grade terrains in Central East China (Appendix 1). Gao et al. 1998
EET 83309 Urelite 79 Au 32           ng/g Trace element compositional data on EET 83309 Urelite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b
Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 32000             Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Assuming that the lowermost crust is represented by the average mafic granulite from Archean high-grade terrains in Central East China (Appendix 1). Gao et al. 1998
Dyalpur Ureilite 79 Au 34           ppb Trace element values for the Dyalpur meteorite as given in Higuchi et al. 1976.  Mainly used in this study as comparisons to the Kenna and Havero meteorites.  Value is either slightly or highly suspect as being incorrect. Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
IAB Udei Station 79 Au 38           ng/g Trace element compositional data on IAB from Udei Station. Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985
Frankfort Howardite 79 Au 4.13           ppb Elemental abundance of the Frankfort meteorite.  Classified as a Howardite, the sample itself consists of one or several chips between 500-300 mg. No cleaning was attempted before irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Aubres Aubrite 79 Au 4.27           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Aubres Aubrite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985
Wolf et al. 1983
Greywackes 79 Au 4.8           ppb Total average of group averages from USA, Canada, Australia, Sri Lanka and Germany using an equal statistical weight. Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 79 Au 40           ng/g Major and trace element compositional estimates of the Bulk Continental Crust given by Taylor 1964. Major element oxides are given in wt.% and trace elements in either ng/g or ¿g/g. Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964
Kenna Ureilite 79 Au 40   1       ppm Elemental abundances of the Kenna Meteorite which is a urelite achondrite. Abundances were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and also Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis in order to attain more precise data for REEs. Boynton et al. 1976
Kenna Ureilite Vein Metal 79 Au 44.8           ppb Trace element abundances of the Kenna Vein material which in fact was a hand picked separate of only 33mg.  According to this analysis of the siderophile elements it is only slightly enriched in vein material.  Janssens et al. 1987
Central East China Craton   Cu/Au 48000             Compostional estimate of the entire Central East China province. Gao et al. 1998
Sera de Mage Eucrite 79 Au 53           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Chassigny Achondrite 79 Au 6           ppm Elemental abundances of the Chassigny Meteorite which is a urelite achondrite. Abundances were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and also Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis in order to attain more precise data for REEs. Boynton et al. 1976
Pesyanoe Aubrite 79 Au 6.48           ppb Elemental abundance of the Pesyanoe meteorite.  Classified as an Angrite, the sample itself consists of dark material from the gas-rich, brecciated meteorite which was obtained by Dr. Brian Mason (U.S. National Museum).  Laul et al. 1972
Pesyanoe Aubrite 79 Au 6.49           ppb Elemental abundance of the Pesyanoe meteorite.  Classified as an Angrite, the sample itself consists of light material from the gas-rich, brecciated meteorite which was obtained by Dr. Brian Mason (U.S. National Museum).  Laul et al. 1972
Constantinople Eucrite 79 Au 6.74           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Constantinople Eucrite 79 Au 6.74           ppb Elemental abundance of the Constantinople meteorite.  Classified as a eucrite the sample consisted of one or several chips between 500-300 mg, and no cleaning was attempted before irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Kapoeta Howardites 79 Au 6.8           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Kapoeta Howardite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972
ALH 84025 Brachinite 79 Au 61           ng/g Trace element compositional data on ALH 84025 Brachinite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a
Juvinas Eucrite 79 Au 7.1           ppb Major, minor and trace element abundances of the Juvinas eucrite, which is a typical brecciated sample.  Juvinas was analyzed according to various types of Neutron Activation Analysis and it was found to be compositionally similar to Ibitira eucrite. Other characteristics that define Juvinas are its mineral assemblages and oriented textures with lithic clasts several centimeters wide, and positive Eu anomalies which resembles rocks from a layered igneous intrusion.  Morgan et al. 1978
Angra dos Reis Angrite 79 Au 7.17           ppb Elemental abundance of the Angra dos Reis meteorite.  Classified as an Angrite, the sample itself consists of a thin slice of material most likely made with a cutoff wheel.  However, the high abundance of Cu in the sample indicates that the sample was contaminated from the wheel used to make the slice of material. Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite 79 Au 7.9           ppb Element concentrations for Juvinas eucrite as analyzed by various different sources.  This particular sample has been studied quite a bit, so relevant data to compare to values found by this study (Morgan et al. 1978) are in great abundance. Morgan et al. 1978 Wanke et al. 1972
Novo-Urei Ureilite 79 Au 70   7       ppm Elemental abundances of the Novo-Urei Meteorite which is a urelite achondrite. Abundances were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and also Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis in order to attain more precise data for REEs. Boynton et al. 1976
Stannern Trend Eucrites 79 Au 78.4           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Stannern Trend Eucrites 79 Au 78.4           ppb Elemental abundance of the Stannern  meteorite sample 1.  Classified as a eucrite the sample was taken from a region of the meteorite that was stained yellow.  This sample turned out to have higher concentrations of 10 trace elements, upwards of two orders of magnitude, than other eucrites. Laul et al. 1972
Amphibolites 79 Au 8.21         189 ppb Average of 165 subsamples and 24 composites. Gao et al. 1998
MAC 88177 Lodranite 79 Au 8.4           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Lodranite MAC 88177. Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999
Shergotty Shergottite 79 Au 88           ppb Elemental abundance of the Shergotty meteorite.  Classified as a Shergottite, the sample itself consists of material from one or several chips between 500 and 300 mg. No cleaning was attempted prior to irradiation. Laul et al. 1972
Gibson Lodranite 79 Au 90           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Gibson Lodranite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999
Chaunskij Mesosiderite 79 Au 92           ng/g Trace element compositional data on Chaunskij Mesosiderite. Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press
Petaev et al. 2000
Atlantic Ocean 79 Au       800 16400   ppb Hydrothermal Gold Depoists from the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Falkner & Edmond 1990 Hannington et al. 1988
Continental Crust 79 Au   10         ppm Elemental data on selected ore metals of Veins/Homestake deposit type. These values are consistent with median crustal abundance values given by Rudnick & Gao 2004 of the Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier. Candela 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Oceans Surface water 79 Au       4 27   ng/kg Surface or near-surface concentratio. Where possible data is from the Pacific ocean that shows the greates variations; otherwhise data is from the Atlantic ocean. All depths. Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Schutz & Turekian 1965
Pacific Ocean 79 Au       2 510   ppb Hydrothermal Gold Depoists from the Pacific. Falkner & Edmond 1990 Koide et al. 1986
Pacific Ocean 79 Au       20 6700   ppb Hydrothermal Gold Depoists from the Pacific. Falkner & Edmond 1990 Hannington et al. 1986
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