GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Lower Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.7             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 90           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 65           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 51           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 80           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 0.08           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 90           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 13.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 19           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 14.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 8.52           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 82120           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 15.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 1.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 33 As 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 0.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 3.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 1.58           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 1.6           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 3.4           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Leeman et al. 1992 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 8.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 7.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 5 B 3.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 9.3           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 8.3           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 5           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 175           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 1434           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 564           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 994           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 150           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 568           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 458           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 568           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 150           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 509           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 305           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 212           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 523           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 757           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.7           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.037           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 38           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.038           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.037           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 35 Br 0.28           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 35 Br 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 35 Br 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 6 C 588           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 48600           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.92           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.28           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.68           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 1.58           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.2           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.07           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.48           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.098           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 98           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.101           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.101           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.097           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 23           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 45           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 44           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 46           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 53.1           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 250           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 278           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 216           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 278           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 35           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 33           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 39           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 228           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 219           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 123           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 145           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 168           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 276           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 490           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 178           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 133           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 65           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 144           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 235           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 228           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 2.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.07           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.1           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.8           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 40           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 78           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 38           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 37.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 90           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 50           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 4.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 6.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 4.7           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 5.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 3.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.17           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 0.97           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.39           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Eu/Eu* 1.14             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Eu/Eu* 1.14             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Eu/Sr 0.0032             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 570           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 9 F 429           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 703           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 9 F 553           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 429           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.57           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 57060           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 10.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 9.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 9.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.57           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.09           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.44           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.52           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 10.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.57           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.008           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.198           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.24           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.47           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 6.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 2.1           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.6           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.021           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.021           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.014           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.0063           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 1.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.77           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.77           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.7           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.68           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.99           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.99           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 53 I 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 53 I 0.14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 53 I 0.14           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.052           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.052           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 50           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.13           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Lower Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.13           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.75           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.47           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 3.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 3.41           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.37           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.2           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.28           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 13140           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust   K/Rb 413             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   K/U 23800             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 11           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 26.8           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 57 La 9.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust   La/Nb 1.6             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 11           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.43           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.29           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 31550           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.46           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 5.32           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 8.72           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.36           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 9.79           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.53           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 6.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.24           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.8           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 6.28           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 50.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 60.1             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 45.6             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 76.2             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 52.3             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 56.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 58.6             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 53.4             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 60.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 46.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 51.4             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 55.9             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 1700           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 929           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.17           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 7 N 34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 7 N 34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 7 N 34           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 4.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 21200           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.91           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.79           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 1.43           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.58           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.65           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.43           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.08           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 10           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 11.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 14           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 4           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 7.75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 12.7           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 28.1           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 13.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 156           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 99           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 141           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 80           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 58           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 347           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 35           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 89           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 99           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 135           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Saal et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.21           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 872           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.5           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4.2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 23           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 7           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 6.8           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Zartman & Doe 1981 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 5.2           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Davies 1984 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 7.5           ppm Rudnick & Goldstein 1990 Newsom et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 7.5           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 9.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 1           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 1           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 2.8           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 2.78           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 7.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 7.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 78 Pt 2.7           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 78 Pt 2.87           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 5.3           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 8           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 51           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust   Rb/Ba 0.04             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust   Rb/Cs 35             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Rb/Sr 0.033             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Rb/Sr 0.03             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 75 Re 0.4           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 75 Re 0.18           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Saal et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 75 Re 0.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.75           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 345           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 16 S 408           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 231           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 16 S 850           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 408           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 25.3           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 40           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 19           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 36           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 50           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.17           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 53.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 271330           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 54.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 52           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 53.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 49.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 58.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 62.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 62.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 52.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 53.4           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 54           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 58.7           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 61.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 25.4           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 52.3           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 6.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 5.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.17           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Sm/Nd 0.25             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.1           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.5           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 569           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 352           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 230           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 308           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 352           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 447           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 230           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 354           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 712           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 286           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 518           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 425           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 317           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Sr/Nd 30             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Sr/Nd 31.63             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.84           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 2           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.59           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.81           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.48           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.72           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.48           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.48           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.81           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.49           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.42           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 2.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 5.74           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.95           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 7.7           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 6.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.06           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 5.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 6.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Th/U 5.9             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 5010           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.88           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.85           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.97           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.95           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.26           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 81 Tl 230           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.32           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.24           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.93           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.66           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 1.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.63           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 1.1           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.93           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.28           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust   U/Pb 0.047             Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 149           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 271           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 185           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 189           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 140           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 217           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 100           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 139           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 230           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 139           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 285           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 149           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.51           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see table notes Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.7           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 40           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 22           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 30           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 27.2           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 19           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 0.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 3.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.5           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 102           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 89           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 89           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 79           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 85           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 70           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 162           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 165           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 127           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 114           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 202           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 180           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 206           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 30           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 169           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 165           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 70           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Zr/Hf 36             Rudnick & Fountain 1995