GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) 21¿N EPR Hydrothermal Vents 20 Ca       11 20     Bowers & Taylor 1985 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 20 Ca 9.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Active Continental Rifts 20 Ca 8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 20 Ca 6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Ademellites 20 Ca 2.68         113 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 AII Fracture Zone Basalts 20 Ca 10.2           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Johnson & Dick 1992 Alaska Trench 20 Ca 4.16           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aleutian Basalts 20 Ca 11.09         66 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Aleutian Trench 20 Ca 3.41           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 20 Ca 2.26   0.23         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 20 Ca 1.3   0.27         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84025 Brachinite 20 Ca 18             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a ALHA 77257 Urelite 20 Ca 7.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 20 Ca 6.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA77081 Acapulcoite 20 Ca 5.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Schultz et al. 1982 Allende Meteorite 20 Ca 2.59           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Amazon River Particulates 20 Ca 16000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Amphibolites 20 Ca 9.07         189 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Andaman Trench 20 Ca 3.92           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andean Andesites 20 Ca 5.9           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Andes Basalt 20 Ca 8.8         56 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 20 Ca 6.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 7.35         47 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 20 Ca 7.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 7.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 6.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 6.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 6.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Andesites 20 Ca 8.98         50 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Andesites 20 Ca 6.79         2203 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Angrite Angra Dos Reis 20 Ca 163.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Angrite LEW 87051 20 Ca 77.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Anorthosites 20 Ca 12.48         97 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Archean Amphibolites 20 Ca 3.2           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Archean Canadian Shield 20 Ca 7.3           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Archean Canadian Shield 20 Ca 3.8           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Goodwin 1978 Archean Canadian Shield 20 Ca 3.4           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Archean Canadian Shield 20 Ca 2.75           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Cameron et al. 1979 Archean Lower Crust 20 Ca 5.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 5.1           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Shaw et al. 1967 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 6.9           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 4.43           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 5.22           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 20 Ca 3.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Rogers 1978 Arenaceous Rocks 20 Ca 1.02         121 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Arenaceous Rocks 20 Ca 1.98         2754 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Ashy Clay 20 Ca 4.68         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aubres Aubrite 20 Ca 2.769             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Australian Granite 20 Ca 3.07         1074 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Australian Granite 20 Ca 0.4         6 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Australian Granite 20 Ca 4.36         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite 20 Ca 1.88         704 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Australian Granite 20 Ca 0.7         13 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Inger & Harris 1993 Australian Granite 20 Ca 0.93           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Barea Mesosiderite 20 Ca 41.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 20 Ca 12.78   0.24     51 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Basalts 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 9.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 10         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 20 Ca 8.48         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts 20 Ca 10         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 20 Ca 10.1         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 20 Ca 9.06         12 wt% Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Basalts 20 Ca 10.2         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts 20 Ca 10.3         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Basalts 20 Ca 9.68         4 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 20 Ca 9.98         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basalts 20 Ca 10           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 9.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 10.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 20 Ca 9.47         3156 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 20 Ca 7.28         10 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 20 Ca 9.09         5 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 20 Ca 11.1         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Basalts 20 Ca 11.6         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Basalts 20 Ca 8.15         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Basalts 20 Ca 9.5         27 wt% Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts 20 Ca 10.15         13 wt% Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 20 Ca 8.74         44 wt% Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 20 Ca 10.2         23 wt% Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 20 Ca 8.88         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Basanites 20 Ca 10.19         138 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basic Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 8.91         25 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Beaulieu River 20 Ca 13             Measures & Burton 1978 Beaulieu River 20 Ca 10             Measures & Burton 1978 Beaulieu River 20 Ca 28             Measures & Burton 1978 Binda Eucrite 20 Ca 41.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Boninites 20 Ca 8.35         348 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Brown Clay 20 Ca 2.31         29 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 20 Ca 2.02         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 20 Ca 11.27           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 McSween 1977 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 20 Ca 8.7           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.07   0.06         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.16   0.009         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21.1   1.1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.86   0.27         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonate 20 Ca 44.5         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 20 Ca 32.2         87 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 20 Ca 31.13         50 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 20 Ca 34.45         2038 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Carbonates 20 Ca 21.98   0.23     162 wt%ox Mirota & Veizer 1994 Cascade Basalt 20 Ca 9.86         60 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascadia Trench 20 Ca 2.41           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 20 Ca 34.59           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central American Basalts 20 Ca 10.49         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4.99           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 6.02           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4.22           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 6.51           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 6.02           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 7.41           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4.88           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 3.31           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 4.71           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 20 Ca 5.89           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Chassigny Achondrite 20 Ca 0.71   0.16       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Chassigny Meteorite 20 Ca 0.47   0.07         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 20 Ca 52.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Chert 20 Ca 0.36         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 20 Ca 0.32         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 20 Ca 0.3           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles 20 Ca 0.047             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles 20 Ca 0.021             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Chondrules 20 Ca 9.7           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.011             Bradley 2004 McSween & Richardson 1977 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.061             Bradley 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 9280           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 6.33   0.01         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 9320   279.6       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 9280   659     15 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.925           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 9320   279.6       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 Wolf & Palme 2001 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.9           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 0.92           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 1.234           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 CI Chondrites 20 Ca 1.29           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 CI Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.076             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.156             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21             McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.75             McDonough & Sun 1995 Clastic Turbidites 20 Ca 2.41         28 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 CM Chondrites 20 Ca 0.07             Bradley 2004 Jarosewich 1990 CM Chondrites 20 Ca 0.029             Bradley 2004 McSween & Richardson 1977 CO Chondrites 20 Ca 1.1   0.2     36 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 CO Chondrites 20 Ca 0.76   0.12     106 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 CO Chondrites 20 Ca 0.41   0.38     8 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 CO Chondrites 20 Ca 1.4   0.4     6 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles 20 Ca 0.125             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Colombia Trench 20 Ca 28.33           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colorado River Particulates 20 Ca 34000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Comet Halley 20 Ca 6.38   0.11         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988 Congo River Particulates 20 Ca 8400           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Arc Andesite 20 Ca 9.93         497 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 20 Ca 7.2         142 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Xenoliths 20 Ca 2.41 2.52 1     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Arc Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.25 1.24 0.25     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 20 Ca 10.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 20 Ca 7.2           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.41           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.4           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.29           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.29           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.85           wt% Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.66           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.7           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 20 Ca 40370           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.4           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Goldschmidt 1933 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Vinogradov 1962 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.7           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.5           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.5           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 18.77           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 20.3           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 5.14           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 19.48           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 20.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 5.18           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 19.04           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 4.9           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 4.82           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 19.12           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.51           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.55           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.8           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 0.76           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 20 Ca 16.28           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 20 Ca 4.85 2.57 10.14     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.46 1.19 0.93     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths 20 Ca 2.79 2.62 1.65     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.28 1.17 0.49     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Shields & Platforms 20 Ca 6.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core 20 Ca 0           wt% McDonough 2004 Core 20 Ca 0           wt% McDonough 1998 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 4.93           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 0.75           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 0.27           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 14.2           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 16.8           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 19.7           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 22.9           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 4.63           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 1.59           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 1.38           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 4.54           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 20 Ca 5.43           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Xenoliths 20 Ca 0.7 0.49 0.72     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths   Ca/Al 0.88 0.82 0.66     232   Pearson et al. 2004 D'Orbigny Angrite 20 Ca 108             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Dacites 20 Ca 4.32         578 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Danube River Particulates 20 Ca 45000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Depleted D-MORB basalts 20 Ca 3.17           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted D-MORB basalts   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted Mantle 20 Ca 3.5   0.035       wt%ox Salters & Stracke 2004 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene 20 Ca 19.52           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene   CaO/Al2O3 2.48             Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Olivine 20 Ca 0.05           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene 20 Ca 2.18           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene   CaO/Al2O3 0.34             Workman & Hart 2005 Diabases 20 Ca 8.9         370 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Diatom Oozes & Clay 20 Ca 1.06         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 20 Ca 0.73         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 20 Ca 2.7         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 20 Ca 2.48         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diorite 20 Ca 5.33         260 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Diorites 20 Ca 6.58         755 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Dolerites 20 Ca 9.24         687 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 DSDP/ODP Site 800 20 Ca 8.52           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 20 Ca 1.3           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 DSDP/ODP Site 801 20 Ca 1.56           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Dunites 20 Ca 1.01         78 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 E-MORB 20 Ca 10.59           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Early Archean Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.81           wt%ox Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.51           wt%ox Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.9             Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.4             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.52           wt%ox Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.7             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.6             Condie 1993 Earth 20 Ca 1.9           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 East China Craton 20 Ca 4.83           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 20 Ca 5.03           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 East Sunda Trench 20 Ca 9.06           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 EET 83309 Urelite 20 Ca 8.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b EET 84302 Acapulcoite 20 Ca 5.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.1   0.08         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.143   0.014         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Ti 19.1   2.2         McDonough & Sun 1995 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.46   0.51         McDonough & Sun 1995 Estherville Mesosiderite 20 Ca 52             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Eucrites 20 Ca 1.3           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Felsic Archean Granulites 20 Ca 2.8 2.7       379 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Granulites 20 Ca 3.88         137 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 20 Ca 2.8 2.5       224 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 2.06         972 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 20 Ca 1.25           wt%ox Condie 1993 Ferruginous Clay 20 Ca 5.45         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Frankfort Howardites 20 Ca 26             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 20 Ca 8.5             Edmond et al. 1979 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 20 Ca 11.85         203 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 20 Ca 3.65           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 20 Ca 11.11           wt% Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Gabbros 20 Ca 4.58           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Gabbros 20 Ca 9.58         1317 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Galapagos Hydrothermal Vents 20 Ca       10.31 11     Edmond et al. 1979 Ganges River Particulates 20 Ca 26500           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Garnet Peridotites 20 Ca 0.82           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Garnet Peridotites 20 Ca   0.9         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garnet Peridotites 20 Ca 1.05           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Jordan 1979 Garnet Peridotites   Ca/Al   0.99           McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garonne River Particulates 20 Ca 19500           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Gibson Lodranite 20 Ca 9.15             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Goalpara Ureilite 20 Ca 0.58   0.08       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Granites 20 Ca 1.5           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Whalen et al. 1987 Granites 20 Ca 1.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 20 Ca 1.18           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 20 Ca 1.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 20 Ca 1.43         1226 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granites 20 Ca 1.46         402 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granites 20 Ca 1.74         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites 20 Ca 2.28           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 20 Ca 1.84         2236 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.83         723 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.83           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Granulites 20 Ca 5.07 3.78       661 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 20 Ca 4.57 3.49       593 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 20 Ca 5.6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Granulitic Xenolites 20 Ca 9.77 10.36       350 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 3.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 20 Ca 2.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Greater Antilles Basalt 20 Ca 9.57         21 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Green Clay 20 Ca 7.76         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Greywackes 20 Ca 2.6           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 10.66         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 10.53         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 11.48         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 11.29         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 H Ordinary Chondrites 20 Ca 1.3           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Mason 1965 Hamble River 20 Ca 83             Measures & Burton 1978 Harzburgites 20 Ca 2.9         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Hawaiites 20 Ca 7.91         58 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Honshu Basalt 20 Ca 9.68         137 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Hydrothermal Sediment 20 Ca 3         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 IAB Campo del Cielo 20 Ca 5.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Landes 20 Ca 11.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 IAB Udei Station 20 Ca 8.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Ibitira Eucrite 20 Ca 78.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Igneous Rocks 20 Ca 6.13         22775 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Inner Blake Plateau Phosphorites 20 Ca 51.3           wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 5.12           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 7.93           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 4.1           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 6.61           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interior North China Craton 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 20 Ca 0.55         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 20 Ca 19.23         5 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 20 Ca 1.84         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Granulites 20 Ca 6.07         136 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 20 Ca 6.2 6.1       106 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 20 Ca 9.2 8.8       48 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 20 Ca 5.7 5.9       132 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 6.15         26 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Interplanetary Dust Particles 20 Ca 0.052             Bradley 2004 Schramm et al. 1989 Intra Stellar Medium 20 Ca 2.61   0.3915         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Island Arc Andesite 20 Ca 11.44         503 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 20 Ca 7.32         32 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 20 Ca 5.36           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Island Arcs 20 Ca 5.1         323 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Itchen River 20 Ca 85             Measures & Burton 1978 Izu-Bonin Trench 20 Ca 5.31           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 20 Ca 0.65           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 20 Ca 2.71           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Johnstown Diogenite 20 Ca 13.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Kamchatka Basalt 20 Ca 9.96         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Trench 20 Ca 0.46           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kapoeta Howardites 20 Ca 37.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Kenna Ureilite 20 Ca 1.3   0.1       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Kerm Trench 20 Ca 2.31           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kermadec Basalts 20 Ca 11.5         36 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Kimberlite 20 Ca 7.49         22 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite 20 Ca 8.3         35 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Kimberlite 20 Ca 6.9         32 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Komatiites 20 Ca 6.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Kuriles Trench 20 Ca 0.65           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 L Ordinary Chondrites 20 Ca 0.05             Bradley 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Late Archean Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.58           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.6             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   CIW 54.3             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.18           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.49           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.6             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.6             Condie 1993 Latites 20 Ca 4.34         146 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 20 Ca 12.94   0.43     58 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Lesser Antilles Basalt 20 Ca 10.79         84 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Leucitic Basalt 20 Ca 8.16           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Volkov et al. 1986 Lherzolites 20 Ca 5.32         177 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Low Si-Mg Mantle 20 Ca 3.21           wt% Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Low Si-Mg Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.79             Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.2           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.07           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 48600           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.48           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.92           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.28           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 1.58           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.68           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lujavrites 20 Ca 1.79         76 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Lunar Anothosites 20 Ca 14           wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Wood et al. 1970 Lunar Breccias 20 Ca 11.98         2 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Breccias 20 Ca 11.81         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 20 Ca 11           wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Soil 20 Ca 11.98         1 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Luzon Basalt 20 Ca 10.75         24 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 MAC 88177 Lodranite 20 Ca 7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Macibini Eucrites 20 Ca 71.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b MacKenzie River Particulates 20 Ca 35800           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Mafic Archean Granulites 20 Ca 9.72 9.99       101 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulites 20 Ca 9.45         128 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 20 Ca 10.89 10.9       269 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Intrusions 20 Ca 9.92         308 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 20 Ca 9.31 9.7       95 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Magdalena River Particulates 20 Ca 10000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Makran Trench 20 Ca 7.37           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Malvern Howardites 20 Ca 58             Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Manganese Nodules 20 Ca 23000           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Mantle 20 Ca 2.53           wt% McDonough 2004 Mantle 20 Ca 3.19     2.92 3.66   wt% Walter 2004 Mantle 20 Ca 3.19           wt% Walter 2004 Mantle 20 Ca 3           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.91             Walter 2004 Mantle Xenoliths 20 Ca 2.15           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Marianas Basalt 20 Ca 11.51         168 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Marianas Trench 20 Ca 5.04           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Apatites 20 Ca       53.4 55.3   wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Marine Organisms 20 Ca 14000           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 320000           ppm Li 1982 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 10000           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 20 Ca 16000           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Wedepohl 1969 Mars Mantle 20 Ca 2           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Sanloup 1999 Mars Mantle 20 Ca 2.4           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke & Dreibus 1988 Mars Mantle 20 Ca 2.4           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1997 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 7.35   0.735       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 6.03   0.603       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 8.8   0.88       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 6.62   0.662       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 8.09   0.809       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Rocks 20 Ca 8.14   0.814       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.4   2       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.86   0.686       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.56   0.656       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.4   2       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 20 Ca 5.9   2       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.4   2       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.09   0.609       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mars Soil 20 Ca 6.63   0.663       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Mavic Volcanics 20 Ca 6.76         632 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 20 Ca 43.77         41 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Mekong River Particulates 20 Ca 5900           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Melitite-rich Chondrules 20 Ca 27.7     23.3 33.3 10 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Meon River 20 Ca 84             Measures & Burton 1978 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 11.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Fegley & Cameron 1987 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 11.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 18.4           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 18.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 3.6           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 10.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Taylor & McLennan 1985 McDonough & Sun 1995 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 5.2           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca 15.2           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Mercury Crustal Silicates 20 Ca       3.5 7   wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 20 Ca 4.4           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 20 Ca 6.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 20 Ca 5.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 20 Ca 6.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.55           wt%ox Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.94           wt%ox Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   CIW 55             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.1             Condie 1993 META 78008 Urelite 20 Ca 9.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Metafelsic Volcanics 20 Ca 4.62         41 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Metalliferous Clay 20 Ca 3         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metamorphic Rocks 20 Ca 3.88           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Poldervaart 1955 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 20 Ca 2.97 2.4       78 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mexico Trench 20 Ca 1.73           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 2.96           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.27           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.25   0.01       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.25           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.25           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.17           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.48           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.8             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57.7             Condie 1993 Miles IIE Iron 20 Ca 44.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Miles IIE Iron 20 Ca 30.5             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Mincy Mesosiderite 20 Ca 42.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Monzonites 20 Ca 4.17         252 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Moon 20 Ca 6.4           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Moore County Eucrite 20 Ca 67             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 11.95           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 10.24           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 12.21           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 11.4           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 MORB Basaltic Glass 20 Ca 11.68           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Mugearites 20 Ca 6.14         55 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 N-MORB 20 Ca 12.19           wt% Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 N-MORB 20 Ca 10.34           wt% Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 N-MORB 20 Ca 11.303   0.8138     26 wt%ox Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 N-MORB 20 Ca 12.99           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 20 Ca 12.5           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 N-MORB 20 Ca 11.75           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 20 Ca 11.303           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 N-MORB   CaO/Al2O3 0.75             Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 Nakhla Meteorite 20 Ca 10.5   0.5         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nankai Trench 20 Ca 3.92           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 20 Ca 18.58         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nepheline Leucite Basalts 20 Ca 11.46         70 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Nepheline Syenites 20 Ca 2.31         108 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Nephelinites 20 Ca 11.89         159 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 New Hebrides Islands 20 Ca 11.96         65 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Niger River Particulates 20 Ca 3300           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Nile River Particulates 20 Ca 40000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Norites 20 Ca 9.41         188 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 20 Ca 3.63           wt%ox Condie 1993 North Antilles Trench 20 Ca 1.95           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 5.31           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 3.79           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 4.42           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 4.13           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 7.58           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 20 Ca 50         8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Novo-Urei Ureilite 20 Ca 1.1   0.2       wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 20 Ca 74             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 20 Ca 0.89 0.89 0.48     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Ocean Arc Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.75 1.55 1.32     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 0.06           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 0.2           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 19.81           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 17.91           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 0.61           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Ocean Island Peridotite 20 Ca 0.78           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Oceanic Crust 20 Ca 80600           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Oceanic Crust 20 Ca 84600           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 20 Ca 1.1 0.82 0.75     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceanic Island Xenoliths   Ca/Al 1.36 1.1 0.92     16   Pearson et al. 2004 Oceans Deep water 20 Ca 413.6           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Horbie et al. 1974 Oceans Surface water 20 Ca 417.6           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Horbie et al. 1974 ODP Site 735 20 Ca 11.113 11.125       22 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 20 Ca 12.88           wt%ox Staudigel et al. 1996 Olivine Chondrules 20 Ca 4.7     2.7 8.3 3 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Orangeite 20 Ca 5.16         114 wt% Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Al 1.08   0.04         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Sc 0.156   0.006         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21   1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Yb 5.88   0.3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 20 Ca 9020         12 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 20 Ca 9020         12 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orgueil Chondrite 20 Ca 9.3             Grossman et al. 1985 Orinoco River Particulates 20 Ca 3000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Paleozoic Orogens 20 Ca 8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 20 Ca 5.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.7           wt%ox Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 20 Ca 3.36           wt%ox Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   CIW 57             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   CIW 56.1             Condie 1993 Parana River Particulates 20 Ca 5900           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 2.31         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 0.57         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 2.31           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 3.92         55 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 4.93         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 3.48         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 1.07         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 20 Ca 4.93         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelites 20 Ca 2.37         69 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Pelites 20 Ca 2.11         1341 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 20 Ca 8.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Peninsular Range Batholith 20 Ca 1.69           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Peridotites 20 Ca 5.05         103 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Periodotite Massifs 20 Ca 3.2           wt% Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Periodotite Massifs   CaO/Al2O3 0.82             Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 20 Ca   2.52         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites   Ca/Al   1.18           McDonough 1991 Peru Trench 20 Ca 24.52           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Petersburg Eucrites 20 Ca 60.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 10.45         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 8.69         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 10.73         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 8.3         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 11.61         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 7.99         36 wt% Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 10.45         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 20 Ca 10.28         18 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Philip Trench 20 Ca 13.29           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phonolites 20 Ca 2.72         320 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Phosphoria Formation 20 Ca 44         61 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Post-Archean Terrrains 20 Ca 3.3           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Precambrian Canadian Shield 20 Ca 4.12           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 5.2         88 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.7           wt% Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 26100   2088       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 4.36           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.65   0.31       wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.21           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 2.61           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.54           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 2.53   0.253       wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.55           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 23110           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.1           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Ringwood 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.54           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.21           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.078           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 4.36           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.6           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.6           wt%ox McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca   3.6         wt%ox McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.4           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 2.9           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 2.89           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.232           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.21           wt%ox Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.54           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.1           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Ringwood 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.23           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 4.4           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.27           wt% Palme & O'Neill 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 20 Ca 3.23           wt% Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle   Ca/Al   1.09           McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   Ca/Al 1.07   0.001         Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.82             Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle   CaO/Al2O3 0.79             Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 20 Ca 11.54         8 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Pyrolites 20 Ca 3.55           wt% Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Pyrolites 20 Ca 3.1           wt% Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites 20 Ca 3.1           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.94             Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.8             Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Pyroxenites 20 Ca 14.08         106 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite 20 Ca 9.8             Grossman et al. 1985 QUE 94201 Meteorite 20 Ca 8.14   0.01         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Radiolarian Clay 20 Ca 1.29         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 20 Ca 1.5         11 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 20 Ca 0.94         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 20 Ca 1.29         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 20 Ca 0.09           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Radiolarites 20 Ca 0.15         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 20 Ca 0.57         17 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 20 Ca 13.2     8.6 24 5 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 20 Ca 11.4         2 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 20 Ca 44.62         20 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Rhyodacites 20 Ca 3.62         63 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Rifted Continental Margins 20 Ca 10.1           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 20 Ca 6.3           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 River Particulates 20 Ca 21500           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 20 Ca 375             Edmond et al. 1979 Rivers 20 Ca 150000           ppb Li 1982 Ryuku Trench 20 Ca 2.57           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sandstones 20 Ca 1.31           wt%ox Condie 1993 Sandstones 20 Ca 0.45           wt%ox Condie 1993 Sandstones 20 Ca 0.2           wt%ox Condie 1993 Scotia Island Basalt 20 Ca 11.34         41 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Seawater 20 Ca 412           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Horbie et al. 1974 Seawater 20 Ca 415           mg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Horbie et al. 1974 Seawater 20 Ca 10             von Glasow & Crutzen 2004 Andrews et al. 1996 Seawater 20 Ca 448000000             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Seawater 20 Ca 420000           ppb Li 1982 Seawater 20 Ca 10300             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 20 Ca 10.3             Bruland 1983 Seawater 20 Ca 10.2             Bowers & Taylor 1985 Sediments 20 Ca 9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Serra De Mage Eucrite 20 Ca 64.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Shales 20 Ca 0.64           wt%ox Condie 1993 Shales 20 Ca 0.71           wt%ox Condie 1993 Shales 20 Ca 1.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Shalka Diogenite 20 Ca 5.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Shallowater Aubrite 20 Ca 0.739             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Shergotty Meteorite 20 Ca 6.86   0.39         McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.53           wt% McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 3.55           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.9           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 3.4           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.53   0.253       wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.57           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.53           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.3           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.07           wt% McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 20 Ca 2.53           wt% McDonough 1998 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 2.81         23 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Silicified Limestone 20 Ca 23.45           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 20 Ca 1.4         16 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sioux County Eucrite 20 Ca 73.98             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Solar Corona 20 Ca 6.46   0.06         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Corona 20 Ca 6.43   0.2         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Meyer 1985 Solar Corona 20 Ca 6.46   0.08         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Photosphere 20 Ca 6.36   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar Photosphere 20 Ca 6.36   0.02         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 20 Ca 6.33   0.3165         Palme & Jones 2004 Solar System 20 Ca 61100   4340     15   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 20 Ca 62500             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solar System 20 Ca 6.6           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Solar System 20 Ca 61100   4338.1     15   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.607           wt% Allegre et al. 1995 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.71           wt% McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.71           wt% McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.71           wt% McDonough 1998 Solid Earth 20 Ca 1.71           wt% McDonough & Sun 1995 Solid Mars 20 Ca 10.3   0.7       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Solid Mars 20 Ca 7.4   0.7       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 South African Garnet Peridotites 20 Ca 0.77           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Boyd & Mertzman 1987 South Antilles Trench 20 Ca 0.7           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 6.46           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 4.25           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 6.2           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 5.65           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Margin of North China Craton 20 Ca 7.31           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 3.15           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 3.79           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 6.6           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 20 Ca 3.02           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Sandwich Trench 20 Ca 1.06           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 20 Ca 2.08           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Spinel Peridotites 20 Ca 2.15 2.2 1.11     374 wt%ox McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 20 Ca   2.2         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   Ca/Al 1.28 1.35 1.6     374   McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites   Ca/Al   1.35           McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 St. Lawrence River Particulates 20 Ca 23000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Stannern Eucrite 20 Ca 76.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Stony Meteorites 20 Ca 24             Herzog 2004 Subducted Sediment 20 Ca 5.95   1.75       wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 20 Ca 3.16           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Syenites 20 Ca 3.53         436 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 9.88   0.355     17 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 14.58   0.903     6 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 6.3   0.033     114 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 12.53   0.025     95 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 10.41   0.275     7 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 20 Ca 4.66   0.063     28 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Tephrites 20 Ca 9.18         84 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Test River 20 Ca 82             Measures & Burton 1978 Test River 20 Ca 83             Measures & Burton 1978 Tholeiites 20 Ca 10.36         190 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tinguaites 20 Ca 2.77         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tonalites 20 Ca 4.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Wedepohl 1991 Arth et al. 1978 Ermanovics et al. 1979 Tarney et al. 1979 Schermerhorn 1987 Paradis et al. 1988 Pohl & Emmermann 1991 Tepper et al. 1993 Tonalites 20 Ca 5.42         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Tonalites 20 Ca 4.9           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.1           wt%ox Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 2.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.52         553 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 2.86         641 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 20 Ca 3.19         355 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonga Trench 20 Ca 2.12           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tongan Basalts 20 Ca 11.99         70 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Trachyandesites 20 Ca 4.96         223 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Trachybasalts 20 Ca 7.9         155 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Trachytes 20 Ca 2.34         483 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 20 Ca 11.17           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Turbidites 20 Ca 4.77         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 20 Ca 3.23         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Type F Aggregates 20 Ca 12.2           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Wark 1979 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 20 Ca 5.9         14 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.59   0.2       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.1           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 29450           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.23           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.55           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.5           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 12.88           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.59           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.18           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.45           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.91           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.44           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust   CIW 55.7             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   CIW 55.4             Condie 1993 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 20 Ca       0.4 1.4   wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 20 Ca 0.11           wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971 Vanuatu Trench 20 Ca 7.26           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Vega 2 20 Ca 7.5   0.7       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1986 Venera 13 Rocks 20 Ca 7.1   0.96       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Venera 14 Rocks 20 Ca 10.3   1.2       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 Venus Mantle 20 Ca 3.4           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus Mantle 20 Ca 3.6           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus Mantle 20 Ca 3.3           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Venus N-MORB 20 Ca 11.16           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Wilson 1989 Veramin Mesosiderite 20 Ca 26.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Volcanoclastic Sediment 20 Ca 5.22         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 20 Ca 3.97         43 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 20 Ca 2.87           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 20 Ca 3.38         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Watson IIE Iron 20 Ca 16.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Websterites 20 Ca 9.34         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Winonaite Pontlyfni 20 Ca 11.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 20 Ca 8.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Xenolites 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Xenolites   CaO/Al2O3 0.88             Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Y-74450 Eucrites 20 Ca 71.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Y-791491 Lodranite 20 Ca 9.51             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 3.18           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 2.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 2.72           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 7.4           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 20 Ca 4.16           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Zeolite Clay 20 Ca 0.95         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998