GERM Database Search Results |
|
|
|
| |
| |
---|
|
Reservoir |
Z |
Element |
Value |
Median |
SD |
Low |
High |
N |
Unit |
Info |
Reference |
Source(s) |
Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995
|
Active Continental Rifts |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Active Continental Rifts |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Ademellites |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
113 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
AII Fracture Zone Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
Johnson & Dick 1992
|
Alaska Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Alborz Mountains |
22 |
Ti |
270 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Aval et al. 1968
|
Aldan River |
|
Ti/Gd |
69.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Godfrey et al. 1996 |
|
Aleutian Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.79 |
|
|
|
|
66 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Aleutian Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
ALH 77005 Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
2340 |
|
440 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
ALH 77005 Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
ALH 84001 Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
1240 |
|
70 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
ALHA 77257 Urelite |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991
|
Allende Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Martin & Mason 1974 |
|
Amazon River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
7000 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Amphibolites |
22 |
Ti |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
189 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Andaman Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Andean Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Bailey 1981
|
Andes Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
1.03 |
|
|
|
|
56 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.87 |
|
|
|
|
2203 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
47 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
22 |
Ti |
0.958 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
Plank & Langmuir 1988
|
Angrite Angra Dos Reis |
22 |
Ti |
12.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990
|
Angrite LEW 87051 |
22 |
Ti |
4.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990
|
Anorthosites |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
97 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Apure River |
|
Ti/Gd |
93.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Godfrey et al. 1996 |
|
Archean Amphibolites |
22 |
Ti |
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Weaver & Tarney 1981
|
Archean Canadian Shield |
22 |
Ti |
0.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Cameron et al. 1979
|
Archean Canadian Shield |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Archean Canadian Shield |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Eade & Fahrig 1971
|
Archean Canadian Shield |
22 |
Ti |
0.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Goodwin 1978
|
Archean Lower Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Weaver & Tarney 1984
|
Archean Terrains |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Rogers 1978
|
Archean Terrains |
22 |
Ti |
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Shaw et al. 1967
|
Archean Terrains |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Archean Terrains |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Archean Terrains |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Arenaceous Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.52 |
|
|
|
|
2754 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Arenaceous Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
121 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Ashy Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.851 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Aubres Aubrite |
22 |
Ti |
0.185 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983
|
Australian Granite |
22 |
Ti |
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Inger & Harris 1993
|
Australian Granite |
22 |
Ti |
0.44 |
|
|
|
|
704 |
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Chappell & White 1992
|
Australian Granite |
22 |
Ti |
0.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Collins et al. 1982
|
Australian Granite |
22 |
Ti |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Turner et al. 1992
|
Australian Granite |
22 |
Ti |
0.48 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Whalen 1985
|
Australian Granite |
22 |
Ti |
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
1074 |
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Wormald & Price 1988
|
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites |
22 |
Ti |
498 |
|
53 |
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
|
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites |
22 |
Ti |
623 |
|
273 |
|
|
18 |
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
|
Bambui Group |
22 |
Ti |
1000 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Cathcart 1974
|
Barea Mesosiderite |
22 |
Ti |
1.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press
|
Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 |
22 |
Ti |
0.97 |
|
0.07 |
|
|
51 |
wt%ox |
|
Alt et al. 1986 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
2.33 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Hoang & Flower 1998
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.81 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Price et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
3.02 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Paslick et al. 1995
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
3.12 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Marzoli et al. 2000
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Turner et al. 1996a
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
3.26 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Rogers et al. 1998
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.22 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Dungan et al. 1986
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
2.96 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Chung 1999
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
3.53 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Marzoli et al. 2000
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Zhang & O'Reilly 1997
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.97 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.84 |
|
|
|
|
3156 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.64 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wilson et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.83 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Chung et al. 2001
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wilson et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.78 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Conticelli et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
3.07 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Jung & Hoernes 2000
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.27 |
|
|
|
|
27 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Farmer et al. 2002
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
3.12 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Chung et al. 1995
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Robert et al. 1992
|
Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
2.3 |
|
|
|
|
44 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Baker et al. 1997
|
Basanites |
22 |
Ti |
2.51 |
|
|
|
|
138 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Basic Precambrian Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
1.51 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Battle Creek Formation |
22 |
Ti |
1670 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
De Keyser & Cook 1972
|
Battle Creek Formation |
22 |
Ti |
300 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
De Keyser & Cook 1972
|
Belkinsk Akai Sayan |
22 |
Ti |
400 |
|
|
|
|
33 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970
|
Binda Eucrite |
22 |
Ti |
1.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Bone Valley Formation |
22 |
Ti |
3.1 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Bone Valley Formation |
22 |
Ti |
405 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Boninites |
22 |
Ti |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
348 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Brown Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.893 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Brown Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.415 |
|
|
|
|
29 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Ca-Al-rich Inclusions |
22 |
Ti |
0.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Bischoff & Keil 1983 |
|
Ca-Al-rich Inclusions |
22 |
Ti |
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Bischoff & Keil 1983 |
McSween 1977
|
Carbonaceous Chondrites |
|
Al/Ti |
19.9 |
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Carbonaceous Chondrites |
|
Ca/Ti |
21.1 |
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Carbonaceous Chondrites |
|
Ti/Sc |
75 |
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Carbonate |
22 |
Ti |
0.044 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Carbonate Turbidites |
22 |
Ti |
0.37 |
|
|
|
|
87 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Carbonate Turbidites |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.053 |
|
0.01 |
|
|
87 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Carbonates |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
2038 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Carbonates |
22 |
Ti |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Carbonates |
22 |
Ti |
0.03 |
|
0.98 |
|
|
162 |
wt%ox |
|
Mirota & Veizer 1994 |
|
Cascade Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
0.87 |
|
|
|
|
60 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Cascadia Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Central America Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Central American Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.02 |
|
|
|
|
78 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
1.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Chassigny Achondrite |
22 |
Ti |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Chassigny Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
3.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Chassigny Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
480 |
|
90 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Chaunskij Mesosiderite |
22 |
Ti |
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000
|
Chert |
22 |
Ti |
0.431 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Chert |
22 |
Ti |
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
Chert |
22 |
Ti |
0.123 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Chondrules |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Bischoff & Keil 1983 |
|
CI Chondrites |
|
Al/Ti |
19.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
CI Chondrites |
|
Ca/Ti |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
0.142 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Anders & Grevesse 1989
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
436 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Anders & Grevesse 1989
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
4.95 |
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
0.143 |
|
0.0143 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Palme & Beer 1993
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
143 |
|
14.3 |
|
|
|
ppb |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
Palme & Jones 2004
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
436 |
|
21.8 |
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
440 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
440 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Palme 1988
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
458 |
|
18.32 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
Palme & Jones 2004
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
458 |
|
18.32 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Palme & Beer 1993 Wolf & Palme 2001
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
420 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
630 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough et al. 1992 |
|
CI Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
0.0734 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986
|
CI Chondrites |
|
Ti/Eu |
7600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
CI Chondrites |
|
Ti/Sc |
74.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Clastic Turbidites |
22 |
Ti |
0.767 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Clastic Turbidites |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.05 |
|
0.004 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
CO Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
|
|
|
|
0.04 |
8 |
wt% |
|
Scott & Krot 2004 |
Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997
|
CO Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
0.06 |
|
0.01 |
|
|
106 |
wt% |
|
Scott & Krot 2004 |
Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997
|
CO Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
0.07 |
|
0.02 |
|
|
36 |
wt% |
|
Scott & Krot 2004 |
Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997
|
Colombia Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Colorado River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
3000 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Comet Halley |
22 |
Ti |
5.18 |
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
Jessberger et al. 1988
|
Congo River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
8400 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Continental Arc Andesite |
22 |
Ti |
0.98 |
|
|
|
|
497 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arc Andesite |
22 |
Ti |
0.79 |
|
|
|
|
142 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arc Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
0.09 |
0.05 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arcs |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Arcs |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
5400 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998a
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor 1964
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Holland & Lambert 1972
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor 1964
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Smithson 1978
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Weaver & Tarney 1984
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1986
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998a
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Christensen & Mooney 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Holland & Lambert 1972
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Taylor 1964
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Vinogradov 1962
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Goldschmidt 1933
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
4200 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1991
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
4010 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.43 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Zipfel & Worner 1992
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Zipfel & Worner 1992
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Zipfel & Worner 1992
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
1050 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
27600 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Glaser et al. 1999
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
3420 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
|
|
273 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
730 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
26640 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov et al. 1997
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
2704 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Eggins et al. 1998
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
1512 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Eggins et al. 1998
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
28260 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov et al. 1997
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
416 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
1260 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
2664 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Johnson et al. 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
720 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Eggins et al. 1998
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
26280 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Glaser et al. 1999
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1998
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
3120 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
23.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Eggins et al. 1998
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
568 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Eggins et al. 1998
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
36.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Bedini & Bodinier 1999
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
15300 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Gregoire et al. 2002
|
Continental Rift Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
0.11 |
0.07 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Shields & Platforms |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Shields & Platforms |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Core |
22 |
Ti |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Core |
22 |
Ti |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Smith et al. 1991
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Smith et al. 1991
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Smith et al. 1991
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Canil & O'Neill 1996
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
73.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Stachel et al. 1998
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
3200700 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Gregoire et al. 2002
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
958 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
199 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
795 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Gregoire et al. 2002
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
5036 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
3540720 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Gregoire et al. 2002
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
5640900 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Gregoire et al. 2002
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
978 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Gregoire et al. 2002
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
142 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
676 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Gergoire et al. 2002
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
2385 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Gregoire et al. 2002
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
401 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
0.05 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
|
|
232 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
405 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
D'Orbigny Angrite |
22 |
Ti |
5.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt et al. 2002
|
Dacites |
22 |
Ti |
0.58 |
|
|
|
|
578 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Danube River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
4200 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Depleted D-MORB basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Depleted D-MORB basalts |
|
Ti/Gd |
2020 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salters & Stracke 2004 |
|
Depleted Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
798 |
|
95.76 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Salters & Stracke 2004 |
|
Depleted Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
716.3 |
|
|
666.5 |
756.1 |
|
ppm |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene |
22 |
Ti |
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
650 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Diabases |
22 |
Ti |
1.49 |
|
|
|
|
370 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Diatom Oozes & Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.464 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.478 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Mud |
22 |
Ti |
0.582 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Ooze |
22 |
Ti |
0.652 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diorite |
22 |
Ti |
0.86 |
|
|
|
|
260 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Diorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.95 |
|
|
|
|
755 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Dolerites |
22 |
Ti |
1.14 |
|
|
|
|
687 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Dover Sandstone |
22 |
Ti |
900 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Cathcart & Schmidt 1974
|
DSDP/ODP Site 800 |
22 |
Ti |
0.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
DSDP/ODP Site 801 |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
DSDP/ODP Site 801 |
22 |
Ti |
0.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Dunites |
22 |
Ti |
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
78 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
E-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
1.83 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Earth |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Ganapathy & Anders 1974
|
East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
East China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
East Sunda Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.591 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
EET 84302 Acapulcoite |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
792 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Enstatite Chondrites |
|
Al/Ti |
18.5 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Enstatite Chondrites |
|
Ca/Ti |
19.1 |
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Enstatite Chondrites |
|
Ti/Sc |
74 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Estherville Mesosiderite |
22 |
Ti |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977
|
Eucrites |
22 |
Ti |
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
|
Felsic Archean Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.4 |
0.36 |
|
|
|
379 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Felsic Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
137 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.48 |
0.43 |
|
|
|
222 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.52 |
|
|
|
|
972 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Ferruginous Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Frankfort Howardites |
22 |
Ti |
1.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978
|
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.22 |
|
|
|
|
203 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts |
|
Ti/Gd |
1937 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salters & Stracke 2004 |
|
Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean |
22 |
Ti |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Klein et al. 1991
|
Gabbros |
22 |
Ti |
1.12 |
|
|
|
|
1317 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Gabbros |
22 |
Ti |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
Le Maitre 1976
|
Ganges River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
5300 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Garnet Peridotites |
22 |
Ti |
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1991 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990
|
Garnet Peridotites |
22 |
Ti |
0.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
Jordan 1979
|
Garnet Peridotites |
22 |
Ti |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975
|
Garonne River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
5000 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Gibson Lodranite |
22 |
Ti |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Goalpara Ureilite |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
Whalen et al. 1987
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
1226 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
402 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Kemp 2001
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Sylvester 1995
|
Granites |
22 |
Ti |
0.31 |
|
|
|
|
2236 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Granodiorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
Le Maitre 1976
|
Granodiorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
723 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Weaver & Tarney 1982
|
Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.83 |
0.71 |
|
|
|
591 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.57 |
0.49 |
|
|
|
650 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Granulitic Xenolites |
22 |
Ti |
1.04 |
0.91 |
|
|
|
347 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Graywackes |
22 |
Ti |
0.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
22 |
Ti |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
22 |
Ti |
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
22 |
Ti |
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
22 |
Ti |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
22 |
Ti |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Greater Antilles Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
1.04 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Green Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.782 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Greywackes |
22 |
Ti |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
11.88 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt%ox |
|
Compston et al. 1970 |
|
Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
11.94 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt%ox |
|
Compston et al. 1970 |
|
Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
10.32 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Compston et al. 1970 |
|
Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
10.85 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Compston et al. 1970 |
|
H Ordinary Chondrites |
22 |
Ti |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Mason 1965
|
Harzburgites |
22 |
Ti |
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
199 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Havero Urelite |
22 |
Ti |
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1972
|
Hawaiites |
22 |
Ti |
3.23 |
|
|
|
|
58 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Honshu Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
1.03 |
|
|
|
|
137 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Hydrothermal Sediment |
22 |
Ti |
0.207 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
IAB Landes |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Bild 1977
|
Ibitira Eucrite |
22 |
Ti |
4.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000
|
Igneous Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
1.05 |
|
|
|
|
22775 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interlayerd Clay & Chert |
22 |
Ti |
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Interlayered Chert & Limestone |
22 |
Ti |
0.233 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Interlayered Clay & Chert |
22 |
Ti |
0.365 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Intermediate Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.83 |
|
|
|
|
136 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.83 |
0.78 |
|
|
|
106 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites |
22 |
Ti |
0.81 |
0.79 |
|
|
|
48 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.97 |
0.95 |
|
|
|
132 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Precambrian Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.83 |
|
|
|
|
26 |
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Intra Stellar Medium |
22 |
Ti |
1.91 |
|
0.191 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Savage & Sembach 1996
|
Island Arc Andesite |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
32 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Island Arc Andesite |
22 |
Ti |
0.91 |
|
|
|
|
503 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Island Arcs |
22 |
Ti |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
323 |
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Silver & Chappell 1998
|
Island Arcs |
22 |
Ti |
0.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Izu-Bonin Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Japan Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Java Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Johnstown Diogenite |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1977
|
Kamchatka Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
0.92 |
|
|
|
|
78 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Kamchatka Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Kapoeta Howardites |
22 |
Ti |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1972
|
Kenna Ureilite |
22 |
Ti |
|
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
wt%ox |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Kerm Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.669 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Kermadec Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.81 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Kimberlite |
22 |
Ti |
1.84 |
|
|
|
|
22 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Taylor et al. 1994
|
Kimberlite |
22 |
Ti |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
35 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Taylor et al. 1994
|
Kimberlite |
22 |
Ti |
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
32 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Taylor et al. 1994
|
Kolymar River |
|
Ti/Gd |
68.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Godfrey et al. 1996 |
|
Komatiites |
22 |
Ti |
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Kuriles Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
La Caja Formation |
22 |
Ti |
295 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Rogers et al. 1956
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Latites |
22 |
Ti |
0.81 |
|
|
|
|
146 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 |
22 |
Ti |
0.94 |
|
0.09 |
|
|
58 |
wt%ox |
|
Alt et al. 1986 |
|
Lena River |
|
Ti/Gd |
72.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Godfrey et al. 1996 |
|
Lesser Antilles Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
0.85 |
|
|
|
|
84 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Leucitic Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
2.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Volkov et al. 1986
|
Lherzolites |
22 |
Ti |
0.42 |
|
|
|
|
177 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Low Si-Mg Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
5010 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.97 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998a
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Condie & Selverstone 1999
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Villaseca et al. 1999
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Liu et al. 2001
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Weaver & Tarney 1984
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1994
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Taylor 1987
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Presper 1990
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998a
|
Lujavrites |
22 |
Ti |
1.22 |
|
|
|
|
76 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Lunar Breccias |
22 |
Ti |
7.92 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
wt%ox |
|
Compston et al. 1970 |
|
Lunar Breccias |
22 |
Ti |
8.87 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt%ox |
|
Compston et al. 1970 |
|
Lunar Crystalline Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
11.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Compston et al. 1970 |
|
Lunar Soil |
22 |
Ti |
7.5 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
wt%ox |
|
Compston et al. 1970 |
|
Luzon Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
0.78 |
|
|
|
|
24 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
MAC 88177 Lodranite |
22 |
Ti |
0.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Macibini Eucrites |
22 |
Ti |
4.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b
|
MacKenzie River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
4300 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Mafic Archean Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.95 |
0.96 |
|
|
|
101 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mafic Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
1.54 |
|
|
|
|
128 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites |
22 |
Ti |
1 |
0.84 |
|
|
|
266 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mafic Intrusions |
22 |
Ti |
1.17 |
|
|
|
|
308 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
1.32 |
1.25 |
|
|
|
95 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Makran Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Malvern Howardites |
22 |
Ti |
2.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Palme et al. 1978
|
Manganese Nodules |
22 |
Ti |
6700 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Baturin 1988
|
Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
|
Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.13 |
|
|
0.12 |
0.15 |
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
|
Mantle Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
McDonough 1990
|
Marianas Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
1.01 |
|
|
|
|
168 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Marianas Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Marine Organisms |
22 |
Ti |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Bowen 1979
|
Marine Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
4600 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Marine Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
4600 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1982 |
|
Marine Phosphorites |
22 |
Ti |
640 |
405 |
|
40 |
1670 |
15 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Marine Sediments |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.052 |
|
0.007 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
McLennan et al. 1990
|
Marine Sediments |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.046 |
|
0.009 |
|
|
32 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
Ben Othman et al. 1989
|
Marine Shales |
22 |
Ti |
4600 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Marine Shales |
22 |
Ti |
4600 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Mars Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke & Dreibus 1988
|
Mars Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Sanloup 1999
|
Mars Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1997
|
Mars Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.91 |
|
0.182 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.95 |
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.92 |
|
0.184 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.65 |
|
0.13 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.82 |
|
0.164 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
0.138 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Soil |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Clark et al. 1982
|
Mars Soil |
22 |
Ti |
1.08 |
|
0.216 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Soil |
22 |
Ti |
0.75 |
|
0.15 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Soil |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Clark et al. 1982
|
Mars Soil |
22 |
Ti |
1.02 |
|
0.204 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Soil |
22 |
Ti |
1.2 |
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke et al. 2001
|
Mars Soil |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Clark et al. 1982
|
Mars Soil |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Clark et al. 1982
|
Mavic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
1.48 |
|
|
|
|
632 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member |
22 |
Ti |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
wt%ox |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Mekong River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
3600 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Melitite-rich Chondrules |
22 |
Ti |
1.2 |
|
|
1 |
1.5 |
10 |
wt%ox |
|
Martin & Mason 1974 |
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
Fegley & Cameron 1987
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
Krot et al. 2001
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
Morgan & Anders 1980
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
Krot et al. 2001
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
Goettel 1988 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Taylor & McLennan 1985 McDonough & Sun 1995
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
Morgan & Anders 1980
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
|
|
|
0.15 |
0.3 |
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
Goettel 1988
|
Mercury Crustal Silicates |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & Scott 2004 |
Goettel 1988
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Metafelsic Volcanics |
22 |
Ti |
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Metalliferous Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.671 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Metamorphic Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
Poldervaart 1955
|
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites |
22 |
Ti |
1 |
1.02 |
|
|
|
78 |
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mexico Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1994
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Weaver & Tarney 1984
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998
|
Middle Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Miles IIE Iron |
22 |
Ti |
2.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Ebihara et al. 1997
|
Mincy Mesosiderite |
22 |
Ti |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977
|
Mishash Formation |
22 |
Ti |
110 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Mazor 1963
|
Monterey Formation |
22 |
Ti |
1200 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Monzonites |
22 |
Ti |
0.78 |
|
|
|
|
252 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Moon |
22 |
Ti |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Ganapathy & Anders 1974
|
Moore County Eucrite |
22 |
Ti |
2.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
22 |
Ti |
1.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
22 |
Ti |
2.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
22 |
Ti |
1.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
22 |
Ti |
1.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
22 |
Ti |
2.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
Mugearites |
22 |
Ti |
2.09 |
|
|
|
|
55 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
N-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
1.615 |
|
0.5491 |
|
|
26 |
wt%ox |
|
Hofmann 1988 |
Jochum et al. 1988
|
N-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
Presnall & Hoover 1987
|
N-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
1.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Niu et al. 1999
|
N-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
1.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Thompson et al. 1980
|
N-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
N-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
1.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
N-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
1.615 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997
|
N-MORB |
|
Ti/Ti* |
0.884 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997
|
Nakhla Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
3.5 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
ppb |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Nakhla Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
2020 |
|
250 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Nankai Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Nano Ooze |
22 |
Ti |
0.365 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Nepheline Leucite Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
2.17 |
|
|
|
|
70 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Nepheline Syenites |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
108 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Nephelinites |
22 |
Ti |
2.66 |
|
|
|
|
159 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
New Hebrides Islands |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
65 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Niger River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
8200 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Norites |
22 |
Ti |
1 |
|
|
|
|
188 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
North American Shale Composite (NASC) |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
North Antilles Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
1.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
0.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
0.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Manheim et al. 1980 |
|
Novo-Urei Ureilite |
22 |
Ti |
|
|
|
|
0.12 |
|
wt%ox |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Nuevo Laredo Eucrite |
22 |
Ti |
4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Jerde 1987
|
Ocean Arc Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Ocean Island Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Sen 1988
|
Ocean Island Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Sen 1988
|
Ocean Island Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Sen 1988
|
Ocean Island Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Sen 1988
|
Ocean Island Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Sen 1988
|
Ocean Island Peridotite |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Sen 1988
|
Oceanic Crust |
22 |
Ti |
9700 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Hofmann 1988
|
Oceanic Crust |
22 |
Ti |
7000 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1981
|
Oceanic Island Xenoliths |
22 |
Ti |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.08 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Oceans Surface water |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/kg |
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Griel & Robinson 1952
|
ODP Site 735 |
22 |
Ti |
1.342 |
1.035 |
|
|
|
22 |
wt%ox |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
|
ODP Site 735 |
|
Ti/Ti* |
0.891 |
0.735 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
|
ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 |
22 |
Ti |
1.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Staudigel et al. 1996 |
|
Olivine Chondrules |
22 |
Ti |
0.22 |
|
|
0.17 |
0.3 |
3 |
wt%ox |
|
Martin & Mason 1974 |
|
Orangeite |
22 |
Ti |
0.88 |
|
|
|
|
114 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Mitchell 1995
|
Ordinary Chondrites |
|
Al/Ti |
19.6 |
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Ordinary Chondrites |
|
Ca/Ti |
21 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Ordinary Chondrites |
|
Ti/Sc |
75 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Orgueil Chondrite |
22 |
Ti |
436 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Orgueil Chondrite |
22 |
Ti |
436 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
|
Orinoco River |
|
Ti/Gd |
91.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Godfrey et al. 1996 |
|
Orinoco River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
8600 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Oulad Abdoun Basin |
22 |
Ti |
200 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Paleozoic Orogens |
22 |
Ti |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Paleozoic Orogens |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Parana River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
9400 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Parguaza River |
|
Ti/Gd |
81.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Godfrey et al. 1996 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.606 |
|
|
|
|
55 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.627 |
|
|
|
|
56 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.627 |
|
|
|
|
56 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.852 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.643 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.59 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.039 |
|
0.014 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.0613 |
|
0.011 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelites |
22 |
Ti |
0.75 |
|
|
|
|
69 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Pelites |
22 |
Ti |
0.81 |
|
|
|
|
1341 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite |
22 |
Ti |
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993
|
Peninsular Range Batholith |
22 |
Ti |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Sylvester 1995
|
Peridotites |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
103 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Periodotite Massifs |
22 |
Ti |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Bonatti et al. 1986
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
22 |
Ti |
|
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Peru Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Petersburg Eucrites |
22 |
Ti |
3.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.97 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wooden et al. 1993
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.97 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
2.34 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Lightfoot et al. 1990
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
3.16 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Lightfoot et al. 1990
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.58 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wooden et al. 1993
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.37 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.95 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
3.76 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
wt% |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
|
Ti/Y |
468 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
Farmer 2004 |
Lightfoot et al. 1990
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
|
Ti/Y |
451 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
Farmer 2004 |
Lightfoot et al. 1990
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
|
Ti/Y |
578 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
|
Ti/Y |
248 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
|
Ti/Y |
283 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
|
Ti/Y |
395 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wooden et al. 1993
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
|
Ti/Y |
216 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wooden et al. 1993
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
|
Ti/Y |
332 |
|
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
Farmer 2004 |
Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
|
Philip Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Phonolites |
22 |
Ti |
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
320 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Phosphoria Formation |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
61 |
wt%ox |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Phosphoria Formation |
22 |
Ti |
1000 |
|
|
|
|
60 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Gulbrandsen 1966
|
Post-Archean Terrrains |
22 |
Ti |
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Eade & Fahrig 1971
|
Precambrian Canadian Shield |
22 |
Ti |
0.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Precambrian Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.81 |
|
|
|
|
88 |
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Palme & Nickel 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.181 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.225 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Wanke et al. 1984
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.217 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Ringwood 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
1300 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
1085 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Hofmann 1988
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
860 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
743 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1991
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.201 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
1205 |
|
120.5 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
1282 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.181 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
Hertogen et al. 1980
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Palme & Nickel 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.217 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
1280 |
|
128 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Palme & O'Neill 2004
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Allegre et al. 1995
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
McDonough & Sun 1995
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.201 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
McDonough & Sun 1995
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.181 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Hofmann 1988 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Allegre et al. 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.217 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.204 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Anderson 1983
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Green et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1991 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
1280 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
McDonough & Sun 1989
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ti/Eu |
7600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ti/Gd |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
Hofmann 1988
|
Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 |
22 |
Ti |
1.99 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
|
Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 |
|
Ti/Ti* |
2.55 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
|
Pungo River Formation |
22 |
Ti |
750 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Pyrolites |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Ringwood 1979
|
Pyrolites |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
McDougall & Sun 1995
|
Pyroxenites |
22 |
Ti |
1.47 |
|
|
|
|
106 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
QUE 94201 Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
11000 |
|
900 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Radiolarian Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.76 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarian Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.76 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarian Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.553 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarian Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.76 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarites |
22 |
Ti |
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
Radiolarites |
22 |
Ti |
0.202 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarites |
22 |
Ti |
0.254 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarites |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.061 |
|
0.026 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Red Clay |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.053 |
|
0.014 |
|
|
33 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
0.3 |
1.1 |
5 |
wt%ox |
|
Martin & Mason 1974 |
|
REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions |
22 |
Ti |
0.85 |
|
|
0.74 |
0.96 |
2 |
wt%ox |
|
Martin & Mason 1974 |
|
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member |
22 |
Ti |
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
wt%ox |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Rhyodacites |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
63 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Rhyolites |
22 |
Ti |
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
554 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Rifted Continental Margins |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Rifted Continental Margins |
22 |
Ti |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Rio Negro River |
|
Ti/Gd |
68.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Godfrey et al. 1996 |
|
River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
5600 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Rivers |
22 |
Ti |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
Li 1982 |
|
Ryuku Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sandstones |
22 |
Ti |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Sandstones |
22 |
Ti |
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Sandstones |
22 |
Ti |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Scotia Island Basalt |
22 |
Ti |
1.06 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Seawater |
22 |
Ti |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
µg/kg |
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Griel & Robinson 1952
|
Seawater |
22 |
Ti |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Li 1991 |
Whitfield & Turner 1987 Orians & Bruland 1988 Orians & Bruland 1988 Shiller 1988 Orians et al. 1990
|
Seawater |
22 |
Ti |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
Broeker & Peng 1982 |
|
Seawater |
22 |
Ti |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
Li 1982 |
|
Seawater |
22 |
Ti |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
Bruland 1983 |
|
Sediments |
22 |
Ti |
0.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969
|
Serra De Mage Eucrite |
22 |
Ti |
1.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Shales |
22 |
Ti |
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
22 |
Ti |
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
|
Ti/Sc |
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
|
Ti/Sc |
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
|
Ti/Sc |
0.84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shalka Diogenite |
22 |
Ti |
0.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994
|
Shallowater Aubrite |
22 |
Ti |
0.128 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989
|
Shergotty Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
4900 |
|
430 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Shergotty Meteorite |
22 |
Ti |
12.8 |
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
ppb |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Green et al. 1979
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
0.217 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
960 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough et al. 1992 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
1085 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough et al. 1992 |
Hofmann 1988
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
1350 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough et al. 1992 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
0.201 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
0.004 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
1280 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough et al. 1992 |
Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
1205 |
|
120.5 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
1200 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Silicate Earth |
22 |
Ti |
1200 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Silicic Precambrian Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
0.39 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Silicified Limestone |
22 |
Ti |
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Silty Mud |
22 |
Ti |
0.658 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sioux County Eucrite |
22 |
Ti |
4.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Slope Lisbourne Group |
22 |
Ti |
40 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Patton & Matzko 1959
|
Solar Corona |
22 |
Ti |
5.24 |
|
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
Breneman & Stone 1985
|
Solar Corona |
22 |
Ti |
5.24 |
|
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Solar Photosphere |
22 |
Ti |
5.02 |
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Grevesse & Sauval 1998
|
Solar Photosphere |
22 |
Ti |
4.99 |
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Solar System |
22 |
Ti |
0.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
Le Maitre 1976
|
Solar System |
22 |
Ti |
2400 |
|
120 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
|
Solar System |
22 |
Ti |
2400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
Cameron 1982
|
Solar System |
22 |
Ti |
2400 |
|
120 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Solar System |
22 |
Ti |
4.95 |
|
0.693 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
|
Solid Earth |
22 |
Ti |
810 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Solid Earth |
22 |
Ti |
810 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Solid Earth |
22 |
Ti |
0.071 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Allegre et al. 1995 |
|
Solid Mars |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001
|
Solid Mars |
22 |
Ti |
0.1 |
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001
|
Solimoes River |
|
Ti/Gd |
73.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Godfrey et al. 1996 |
|
South African Garnet Peridotites |
22 |
Ti |
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
Boyd & Mertzman 1987
|
South Antilles Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
0.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
0.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
22 |
Ti |
0.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Sandwich Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Al/Ti |
22 |
22 |
29 |
|
|
361 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
22 |
Ti |
0.09 |
0.09 |
0.09 |
|
|
361 |
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
22 |
Ti |
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975
|
Spinel Peridotites |
22 |
Ti |
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1991 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ti/Eu |
6500 |
6520 |
4000 |
|
|
193 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ti/Eu |
7700 |
7440 |
2800 |
|
|
104 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ti/Eu |
5200 |
4360 |
4000 |
|
|
49 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
St. Lawrence River Particulates |
22 |
Ti |
7800 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Stannern Eucrite |
22 |
Ti |
5.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Subducted Sediment |
22 |
Ti |
0.62 |
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Subducted Sediment |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.0503 |
|
0.0028 |
|
|
346 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sumatra Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Syenites |
22 |
Ti |
0.84 |
|
|
|
|
436 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.07 |
|
0.003 |
|
|
17 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.86 |
|
0.003 |
|
|
114 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.79 |
|
0.122 |
|
|
6 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.89 |
|
0.086 |
|
|
7 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.66 |
|
0.004 |
|
|
95 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
0.011 |
|
|
28 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk |
22 |
Ti |
500 |
|
|
|
|
38 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970
|
Tephrites |
22 |
Ti |
1.76 |
|
|
|
|
84 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Terrigenous Sediments |
|
TiO2/Al2O3 |
0.037 |
|
0.004 |
|
|
58 |
|
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Tholeiites |
22 |
Ti |
1.98 |
|
|
|
|
190 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Tinguaites |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
83 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Tonalites |
22 |
Ti |
0.73 |
|
|
|
|
83 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Tonalites |
22 |
Ti |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Tonalites |
22 |
Ti |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
Wedepohl 1991 Arth et al. 1978 Ermanovics et al. 1979 Tarney et al. 1979 Schermerhorn 1987 Paradis et al. 1988 Pohl & Emmermann 1991 Tepper et al. 1993
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
355 |
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Martin 1995
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
641 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
553 |
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
22 |
Ti |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonga Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.488 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Tongan Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
0.94 |
|
|
|
|
70 |
wt% |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Trachyandesites |
22 |
Ti |
1.08 |
|
|
|
|
223 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Trachybasalts |
22 |
Ti |
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
155 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Trachytes |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
483 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts |
22 |
Ti |
1.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
Turbidites |
22 |
Ti |
0.723 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Turbidites |
22 |
Ti |
0.688 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Type F Aggregates |
22 |
Ti |
0.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Bischoff & Keil 1983 |
Wark 1979
|
Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites |
22 |
Ti |
1.33 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Al2O3/TiO2 |
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.76 |
|
0.043 |
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Fahrig & Eade 1968
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
3117 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
0.08 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
see text
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1967
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Borodin 1998
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Condie 1993
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
1.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Clarke & Washington 1924
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Clarke 1889
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
22 |
Ti |
0.83 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Goldschmidt 1933
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Ti/Gd |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taylor et al. 1983 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Ti/Ti* |
0.804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Ti/Zr |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Ureilite Primitive Achondrites |
22 |
Ti |
|
|
|
0.12 |
0.18 |
|
wt%ox |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
Mason 1971
|
Vanuatu Trench |
22 |
Ti |
0.558 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Vega 2 |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Surkov et al. 1986
|
Venera 13 Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
1.59 |
|
0.45 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Surkov et al. 1984
|
Venera 14 Rocks |
22 |
Ti |
1.25 |
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Surkov et al. 1984
|
Venus Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998
|
Venus Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998
|
Venus Mantle |
22 |
Ti |
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998
|
Venus N-MORB |
22 |
Ti |
1.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Wilson 1989
|
Veramin Mesosiderite |
22 |
Ti |
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971
|
Volcanoclastic Sediment |
22 |
Ti |
0.567 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Volcanoclastic Turbidites |
22 |
Ti |
1.494 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Volcanoclastic Turbidites |
22 |
Ti |
1.275 |
|
|
|
|
43 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Volcanoclastic Turbidites |
22 |
Ti |
1.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
Watson IIE Iron |
22 |
Ti |
0.84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Olsen et al. 1994
|
Websterites |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
199 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Winonaite Pontlyfni |
22 |
Ti |
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977
|
Winonaite Tierra Blanca |
22 |
Ti |
0.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990
|
Xenolites |
22 |
Ti |
0.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Y-74450 Eucrites |
22 |
Ti |
5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1977
|
Y-791491 Lodranite |
22 |
Ti |
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Yangtze Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
22 |
Ti |
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Zeolite Clay |
22 |
Ti |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
wt%ox |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|