GERM Reservoir Database
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GERM Database Search Results
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Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Reference
===========
Default
Units ...
=======
ppm
ppb
ppt
wt%
wt%ox
=======
Default
Reservoir
Z
Element
Value
Median
SD
Low
High
N
Unit
Info
Reference
Source(s)
Seawater
83
Bi
4e-05
ppb
Li 1982
Seawater
83
Bi
0.0001
Broeker & Peng 1982
Silicate Earth
83
Bi
0.003
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Silicate Earth
83
Bi
0.003
ppm
McDonough 2004
Seawater
83
Bi
0.0042
Li 1991
Whitfield & Turner 1987
Solid Earth
83
Bi
0.01
ppm
McDonough 2004
Solid Earth
83
Bi
0.01
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Continental Crust
Bi/Pb
0.0164
Salters & Stracke 2004
Core
83
Bi
0.03
ppm
McDonough 2004
Core
83
Bi
0.03
µg/g
McDonough 1998
Upper Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.035
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Shaw et al. 1967
Shaw et al. 1976
Lower Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.037
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.037
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Lower Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.038
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Carbonates
83
Bi
0.05
50
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.06
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Marine Apatites
83
Bi
0.06
9
ppm
Altschuller 1980
Metafelsic Volcanics
83
Bi
0.07
41
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Carbonates
83
Bi
0.08
2038
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Intrusions
83
Bi
0.08
308
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.085
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Granites
83
Bi
0.09
402
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Mavic Volcanics
83
Bi
0.09
632
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.09
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.09
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
83
Bi
0.09
553
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Diorite
83
Bi
0.11
260
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.11
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
0.111
0.01665
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Palme & Beer 1993
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
0.114
ppm
Palme & Jones 2004
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Yangtze Craton
83
Bi
0.12
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.123
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.123
ppm
Wedepohl 1995
North Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.13
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
83
Bi
0.13
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
83
Bi
0.13
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.13
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.13
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Yangtze Craton
83
Bi
0.13
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Volcanics
83
Bi
0.14
972
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Solar System
83
Bi
0.14
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Cameron 1982
South Margin of North China Craton
83
Bi
0.14
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
83
Bi
0.14
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.14
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.14
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton
83
Bi
0.14
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Solar System
83
Bi
0.144
0.01181
13
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar System
83
Bi
0.144
0.011808
13
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Granites
83
Bi
0.15
1226
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Granulites
83
Bi
0.15
128
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton
83
Bi
0.15
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton
83
Bi
0.15
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.16
0.06
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
see text
Upper Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.16
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Yangtze Craton
83
Bi
0.16
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.17
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.17
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Taylor 1964
Middle Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.17
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998
Middle Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.17
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Amphibolites
83
Bi
0.18
189
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Arenaceous Rocks
83
Bi
0.18
2754
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.18
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.18
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
Sera de Mage Eucrite
83
Bi
0.18
ppb
Morgan et al. 1978
Arenaceous Rocks
83
Bi
0.19
121
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.19
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.2
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Lower Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.2
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Wedepohl 1995
Gao et al. 1998a
North Qinling Belt in China
83
Bi
0.21
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.23
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.23
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.25
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
East China Craton
83
Bi
0.26
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Granulites
83
Bi
0.26
136
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.27
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.27
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998a
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites
83
Bi
0.27
641
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.28
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.29
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
83
Bi
0.29
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Pelites
83
Bi
0.3
69
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Pelites
83
Bi
0.3
1341
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Igneous Rocks
83
Bi
0.36
ppb
Morgan et al. 1978
Chassigny Achondrite
83
Bi
0.37
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Treiman et al. 1986
Nakhla Meteorite
83
Bi
0.37
ppb
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Sioux County Eucrite
83
Bi
0.37
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.38
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
83
Bi
0.38
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Lower Continental Crust
83
Bi
0.38
µg/g
Rudnick & Gao 2004
Gao et al. 1998a
Depleted Mantle
83
Bi
0.39
ppb
Salters & Stracke 2004
Interior North China Craton
83
Bi
0.4
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Kenna Ureilite
83
Bi
0.43
1
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Marine Shales
83
Bi
0.43
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Marowsky & Wedepohl 1971
Central East China Craton
83
Bi
0.5
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Nakhla Nakhlite
83
Bi
0.5
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Marine Pelagic Clay
83
Bi
0.53
ppm
Li 1982
Marowsky & Wedepohl 1971
Marine Pelagic Clay
83
Bi
0.53
ppm
Li 1991
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Marowsky & Wedepohl 1971
Washougal Howardite
83
Bi
0.59
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Interior North China Craton
83
Bi
0.66
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
0.69
0.06
Palme & Jones 2004
ALH 77005 Meteorite
83
Bi
0.7
ppb
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Kenna Ureilite Vein Metal
83
Bi
0.73
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Constantinople Eucrite
83
Bi
0.77
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Havero Ureilite
83
Bi
0.9
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Higuchi et al. 1976
Shergotty Meteorite
83
Bi
1.1
0.6
ppb
McSween, Jr. 2004
Lodders 1998
Zagami Shergottite
83
Bi
1.1
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Felsic Granulites
83
Bi
1.39
137
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton
83
Bi
1.43
ppm
Gao et al. 1998
Kapoeta Howardite
83
Bi
1.52
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Spinel Peridotites
83
Bi
1.7
1.6
0.7
13
ppb
McDonough 1990
Goalpara Ureilite
83
Bi
1.8
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Higuchi et al. 1976
Seawater
83
Bi
10
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Brooks 1960
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
110
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Palme 1988
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
110
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
110
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
111
16.65
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Palme & Jones 2004
Orgueil Chondrite
83
Bi
111
7
ppb
Anders & Grevesse 1989
Orgueil Chondrite
83
Bi
111
7
ppb
Anders & Ebihara 1982
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
114
9.35
13
ppb
Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites
83
Bi
114
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Anders & Ebihara 1982
Upper Continental Crust
83
Bi
127
ppb
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Frankfort Howardite
83
Bi
180
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Bialystok Howardite
83
Bi
2.3
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Pesyanoe Aubrite
83
Bi
2.3
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Angra dos Reis Angrite
83
Bi
2.4
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Sera de Mage Eucrite
83
Bi
2.4
ppb
Morgan et al. 1978
Laul et al. 1972
Sera de Mage Eucrite
83
Bi
2.4
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Havero Ureilite Vein Metal
83
Bi
2.45
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Primitive Mantle
83
Bi
2.5
0.75
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth
83
Bi
2.5
0.75
ppb
McDonough & Sun 1995
Dyalpur Ureilite
83
Bi
2.6
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Higuchi et al. 1976
Oceans Surface water
83
Bi
20
ng/kg
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Brooks 1960
Novo-Urei Ureilite
83
Bi
3.4
ppb
Janssens et al. 1987
Higuchi et al. 1976
Juvinas Eucrite
83
Bi
3.5
ppb
Morgan et al. 1978
Shergotty Shergottite
83
Bi
3.7
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Molteno Howardite
83
Bi
3.8
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Central East China Craton
Pb/Bi
30
Gao et al. 1998
Stannern Trend Eucrites
83
Bi
318
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Central East China Craton
Pb/Bi
34
Gao et al. 1998
Precambrian Canadian Shield
83
Bi
35
ppb
Shaw et al. 1986
Lower Continental Crust
83
Bi
38
ppb
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Pesyanoe Aubrite
83
Bi
4.5
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Kapoeta Howardite
83
Bi
4.56
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite
83
Bi
5
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite
83
Bi
5
ppb
Morgan et al. 1978
Laul et al. 1972
Primitive Mantle
83
Bi
5
ppb
Palme & O'Neill 2004
Jonzac Eucrite
83
Bi
5.3
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Lafayette Nakhlite
83
Bi
5.64
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Central East China Craton
Pb/Bi
55
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Pb/Bi
57
Gao et al. 1998
Stannern Trend Eucrites
83
Bi
6.4
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
North American Shale Composite (NASC)
83
Bi
6.6
ppb
Morgan et al. 1978
Continental Crust
83
Bi
60
ppb
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Bereba Eucrite
83
Bi
7
ppb
Laul et al. 1972
Manganese Nodules
83
Bi
7
ppm
Li 1991
Baturin 1988
Central East China Craton
Pb/Bi
79.1
Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton
Pb/Bi
85
Gao et al. 1998
Continental Crust
83
Bi
85
ppb
Wedepohl 1995
Seawater
83
Bi
0.015
0.24
Bruland 1983