GERM Database Search Results |
|
|
|
| |
| |
---|
|
Reservoir |
Z |
Element |
Value |
Median |
SD |
Low |
High |
N |
Unit |
Info |
Reference |
Source(s) |
Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites |
27 |
Co |
640 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995
|
Active Continental Rifts |
27 |
Co |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Active Continental Rifts |
27 |
Co |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Alaska Trench |
27 |
Co |
18.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Alborz Mountains |
27 |
Co |
9 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Aval et al. 1968
|
Aleutian Basalts |
27 |
Co |
44.09 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Aleutian Trench |
27 |
Co |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
ALH 77005 Meteorite |
27 |
Co |
72 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
ALH 84001 Meteorite |
27 |
Co |
47 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
ALH 84025 Brachinite |
27 |
Co |
365 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a
|
ALHA 77257 Urelite |
27 |
Co |
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991
|
ALHA 81101 Urelite |
27 |
Co |
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991
|
ALHA77081 Acapulcoite |
27 |
Co |
795 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Schultz et al. 1982
|
Allende Meteorite |
27 |
Co |
620 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Grossman & Wasson 1985 |
|
Amazon River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Amphibolites |
27 |
Co |
57 |
|
|
|
|
189 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Andaman Trench |
27 |
Co |
13.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Andes Basalt |
27 |
Co |
41.06 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
30.3 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
Plank & Langmuir 1988
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
27 |
Co |
22.07 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Angra dos Reis Angrite |
27 |
Co |
20.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Angrite Angra Dos Reis |
27 |
Co |
21.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990
|
Angrite LEW 87051 |
27 |
Co |
27.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990
|
Archean Terrains |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Archean Terrains |
27 |
Co |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Archean Terrains |
27 |
Co |
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Arenaceous Rocks |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
121 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Arenaceous Rocks |
27 |
Co |
8.7 |
|
|
|
|
2754 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Ashy Clay |
27 |
Co |
57.1 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Atmosphere |
27 |
Co |
|
|
|
50 |
200 |
|
ppb |
|
Prinn 2004 |
Brasseur et al. 1999 Prinn et al. 2000
|
Aubres Aubrite |
27 |
Co |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983
|
Australian Granite |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
1074 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Wormald & Price 1988
|
Australian Granite |
27 |
Co |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Collins et al. 1982
|
Australian Granite |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Whalen 1985
|
Australian Granite |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
704 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Chappell & White 1992
|
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites |
27 |
Co |
100 |
|
30 |
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
|
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites |
27 |
Co |
106 |
|
3 |
|
|
18 |
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
|
Bambui Group |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Cathcart 1974
|
Barea Mesosiderite |
27 |
Co |
50.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press
|
Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 |
27 |
Co |
0.1 |
|
0.03 |
|
|
51 |
wt%ox |
|
Alt et al. 1986 |
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
51.4 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Dungan et al. 1986
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
197 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Turner et al. 1996a
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
42.2 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Rogers et al. 1998
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
29.9 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Robert et al. 1992
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
40.4 |
|
|
|
|
27 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Farmer et al. 2002
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
41 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Chung et al. 1995
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
32.8 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Conticelli et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
27 |
Co |
45.2 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Chung et al. 2001
|
Basic Precambrian Granulites |
27 |
Co |
58 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Battle Creek Formation |
27 |
Co |
5 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
De Keyser & Cook 1972
|
Battle Creek Formation |
27 |
Co |
35 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
De Keyser & Cook 1972
|
Bereba Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
4.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Bereba Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
4.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Bialystok Howardite |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Binda Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
11.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Bone Valley Formation |
27 |
Co |
4.5 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Boninites |
27 |
Co |
43.1 |
|
|
|
|
38 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Brachina Brachinite |
27 |
Co |
235 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Nehru et al. 1983
|
Brown Clay |
27 |
Co |
139.7 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Brown Clay |
27 |
Co |
52.2 |
|
|
|
|
29 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Brown Rock |
27 |
Co |
5 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
CAI Inclusions Allende Meteorite |
27 |
Co |
95.7 |
|
2.871 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Bischoff & Palme 1987 |
|
Carbonate |
27 |
Co |
25.4 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Carbonate Turbidites |
27 |
Co |
9 |
|
|
|
|
87 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Carbonates |
27 |
Co |
3 |
|
|
|
|
2038 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Carbonates |
27 |
Co |
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Cascade Basalt |
27 |
Co |
43.08 |
|
|
|
|
22 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Cascadia Trench |
27 |
Co |
16.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Central America Trench |
27 |
Co |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Chassigny Achondrite |
27 |
Co |
124 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Chassigny Meteorite |
27 |
Co |
123 |
|
17 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Chaunskij Mesosiderite |
27 |
Co |
311 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000
|
Chert |
27 |
Co |
6 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Chert |
27 |
Co |
10.7 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
CI Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
500 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
CI Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
506 |
|
15.18 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Palme & Beer 1993
|
CI Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
502 |
|
33.1 |
|
|
18 |
ppm |
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
CI Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
506 |
|
15.18 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
Palme & Jones 2004
|
CI Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
501 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Palme 1988
|
CI Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
508 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
|
CI Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
502 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Anders & Grevesse 1989
|
CI Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
4.9 |
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
|
CI Chondrites |
|
Ni/Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
Clastic Turbidites |
27 |
Co |
16.9 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Colombia Trench |
27 |
Co |
6.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Colorado River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Comet Halley |
27 |
Co |
5.06 |
|
0.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
Jessberger et al. 1988
|
Congo River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Constantinople Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
7.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Constantinople Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
7.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Continental Arc Andesite |
27 |
Co |
41.2 |
|
|
|
|
80 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arc Andesite |
27 |
Co |
31.36 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arc Basalt |
27 |
Co |
0.0096 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oppenheimer 2004 |
Symonds et al. 1994
|
Continental Arc Xenoliths |
27 |
Co |
108 |
105 |
11 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arcs |
27 |
Co |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Arcs |
27 |
Co |
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
26.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1986
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998a
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
26.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
26.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1991
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
26.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor 1964
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
27 |
Co |
102 |
104 |
8 |
|
|
273 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Rift Xenoliths |
27 |
Co |
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Shields & Platforms |
27 |
Co |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Shields & Platforms |
27 |
Co |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Core |
27 |
Co |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Core |
27 |
Co |
2530 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Allegre et al. 1995 |
|
Core |
27 |
Co |
|
|
|
0.24 |
0.26 |
|
wt% |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Core |
27 |
Co |
2500 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Core |
|
Ni/Co |
|
|
|
20.8 |
20.8 |
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
27 |
Co |
120 |
116 |
19 |
|
|
232 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
D'Orbigny Angrite |
27 |
Co |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt et al. 2002
|
Dacites |
27 |
Co |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oppenheimer 2004 |
Symonds et al. 1994
|
Danube River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Depleted Mantle |
27 |
Co |
106 |
|
14.84 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Salters & Stracke 2004 |
|
Depleted Mantle |
27 |
Co |
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jones & Drake 1986 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Diatom Oozes & Clay |
27 |
Co |
32.2 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Clay |
27 |
Co |
18.7 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Mud |
27 |
Co |
44.7 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Ooze |
27 |
Co |
37.5 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diorite |
27 |
Co |
22.5 |
|
|
|
|
260 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Dover Sandstone |
27 |
Co |
5 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Cathcart & Schmidt 1974
|
DSDP/ODP Site 800 |
27 |
Co |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
DSDP/ODP Site 801 |
27 |
Co |
22.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
2.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
3.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
6.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
East China Craton |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
East Sunda Trench |
27 |
Co |
22.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
EET 83309 Urelite |
27 |
Co |
135 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b
|
EET 84302 Acapulcoite |
27 |
Co |
1620 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Estherville Mesosiderite |
27 |
Co |
39.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977
|
Felsic Archean Granulites |
27 |
Co |
12 |
10 |
|
|
|
76 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Felsic Granulites |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
137 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites |
27 |
Co |
22 |
15 |
|
|
|
52 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
7.6 |
|
|
|
|
972 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Frankfort Howardite |
27 |
Co |
21.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Frankfort Howardites |
27 |
Co |
23.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978
|
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts |
27 |
Co |
0.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oppenheimer 2004 |
Symonds et al. 1994
|
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts |
27 |
Co |
41.76 |
|
|
|
|
33 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Ganges River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Garnet Peridotites |
27 |
Co |
|
101 |
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 1991 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990
|
Garnet Peridotites |
|
Fe/Co |
510 |
|
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Garnet Peridotites |
|
Ni/Co |
21 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Garonne River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Gibson Lodranite |
27 |
Co |
720 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Goalpara Ureilite |
27 |
Co |
78 |
|
6 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Granites |
27 |
Co |
3 |
|
|
|
|
1226 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Granites |
27 |
Co |
7.1 |
|
|
|
|
402 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Granites |
27 |
Co |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Sylvester 1995
|
Granites |
27 |
Co |
5.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granites |
27 |
Co |
3.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granites |
27 |
Co |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granulites |
27 |
Co |
33 |
25 |
|
|
|
187 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Granulites |
27 |
Co |
26 |
20 |
|
|
|
181 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Granulitic Xenolites |
27 |
Co |
51 |
75 |
|
|
|
156 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Graywackes |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
27 |
Co |
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
27 |
Co |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
27 |
Co |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Green Clay |
27 |
Co |
14.8 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Greywackes |
27 |
Co |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Havero Urelite |
27 |
Co |
101 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1972
|
Honshu Basalt |
27 |
Co |
57.13 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Hydrothermal Sediment |
27 |
Co |
207.2 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
IAB Campo del Cielo |
27 |
Co |
402 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Bild 1977
|
IAB Iron Meteorites |
27 |
Co |
4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
IAB Landes |
27 |
Co |
730 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Bild 1977
|
IAB Udei Station |
27 |
Co |
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985
|
Ibitira Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
11.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000
|
Igneous Rocks |
27 |
Co |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
22775 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
Igneous Rocks |
27 |
Co |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Schmitt et al. 1972
|
IIAB Iron Meteorites |
27 |
Co |
4.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
IIIAB Iron Meteorites |
27 |
Co |
5.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
Interior North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interlayerd Clay & Chert |
27 |
Co |
5.1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Interlayered Chert & Limestone |
27 |
Co |
7 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Interlayered Clay & Chert |
27 |
Co |
184.8 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Intermediate Granulites |
27 |
Co |
29 |
|
|
|
|
136 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites |
27 |
Co |
26 |
22 |
|
|
|
45 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites |
27 |
Co |
33 |
29 |
|
|
|
17 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites |
27 |
Co |
35 |
30 |
|
|
|
65 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Precambrian Granulites |
27 |
Co |
33 |
|
|
|
|
26 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Intra Stellar Medium |
27 |
Co |
2.15 |
|
0.645 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Savage & Sembach 1996
|
Island Arc Andesite |
27 |
Co |
44.17 |
|
|
|
|
56 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Island Arc Andesite |
27 |
Co |
30.69 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Island Arc Andesite |
27 |
Co |
0.0035 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oppenheimer 2004 |
Symonds et al. 1994
|
Island Arcs |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
IVA Iron Meteorites |
27 |
Co |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
IVB Iron Meteorites |
27 |
Co |
7.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
Izu-Bonin Trench |
27 |
Co |
8.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Japan Trench |
27 |
Co |
30.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Java Trench |
27 |
Co |
25.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Johnstown Diogenite |
27 |
Co |
38.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1977
|
Jonzac Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
9.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Jonzac Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
9.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Juvinas Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
6.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Juvinas Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
6.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Juvinas Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Schmitt et al. 1972
|
Juvinas Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
5.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Wanke et al. 1972
|
Kamchatka Basalt |
27 |
Co |
41.72 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Kamchatka Trench |
27 |
Co |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Kapoeta Howardite |
27 |
Co |
23.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Kapoeta Howardite |
27 |
Co |
21.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Kapoeta Howardites |
27 |
Co |
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1972
|
Kenna Ureilite |
27 |
Co |
164 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Kerm Trench |
27 |
Co |
86.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Komatiites |
27 |
Co |
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Komatiites |
|
Fe/Co |
830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Komatiites |
|
Ni/Co |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Kuriles Trench |
27 |
Co |
30.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Kyzyl Kum |
27 |
Co |
7 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Kapustyanski 1964
|
La Caja Formation |
27 |
Co |
3 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Rogers et al. 1956
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
2.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
3.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
3.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 |
27 |
Co |
0.1 |
|
0.03 |
|
|
58 |
wt%ox |
|
Alt et al. 1986 |
|
Lesser Antilles Basalt |
27 |
Co |
61.22 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
LL Ordinary Chondrites |
27 |
Co |
450 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Grossman & Wasson 1985 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Taylor 1987
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Presper 1990
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1994
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Liu et al. 2001
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Villaseca et al. 1999
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Condie & Selverstone 1999
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998a
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Luzon Basalt |
27 |
Co |
35.63 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
MAC 88177 Lodranite |
27 |
Co |
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Macibini Eucrites |
27 |
Co |
8.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b
|
MacKenzie River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Mafic Archean Granulites |
27 |
Co |
48 |
47 |
|
|
|
34 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mafic Granulites |
27 |
Co |
57 |
|
|
|
|
128 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites |
27 |
Co |
53 |
42 |
|
|
|
105 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mafic Intrusions |
27 |
Co |
41 |
|
|
|
|
308 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites |
27 |
Co |
52 |
50 |
|
|
|
39 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Magdalena River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Makran Trench |
27 |
Co |
20.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Malvern Howardites |
27 |
Co |
15.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Palme et al. 1978
|
Manganese Nodules |
27 |
Co |
2700 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Baturin 1988
|
Mantle Xenoliths |
27 |
Co |
0.014 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
McDonough 1990
|
Marianas Basalt |
27 |
Co |
34.79 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Marianas Trench |
27 |
Co |
21.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Marine Organisms |
27 |
Co |
0.43 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Bowen 1979
|
Marine Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Marine Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1982 |
|
Marine Phosphorites |
27 |
Co |
7 |
5 |
|
0 |
35 |
15 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Marine Shales |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Marine Shales |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Mavic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
39 |
|
|
|
|
632 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member |
27 |
Co |
0.001 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
ppm |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Mekong River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions |
27 |
Co |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens |
27 |
Co |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens |
27 |
Co |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
META 78008 Urelite |
27 |
Co |
123 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
|
Metafelsic Volcanics |
27 |
Co |
5 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Metalliferous Clay |
27 |
Co |
379.3 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites |
27 |
Co |
26 |
21 |
|
|
|
43 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mexico Trench |
27 |
Co |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Middle Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1994
|
Middle Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Middle Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998
|
Middle Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Middle Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Middle Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Miles IIE Iron |
27 |
Co |
263 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Ebihara et al. 1997
|
Miles IIE Iron |
27 |
Co |
302 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Ebihara et al. 1997
|
Mincy Mesosiderite |
27 |
Co |
138 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977
|
Mishash Formation |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Mazor 1963
|
Mississippi River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Molteno Howardite |
27 |
Co |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Monterey Formation |
27 |
Co |
5 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Moore County Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
11.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
N-MORB |
27 |
Co |
50.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Niu et al. 1999
|
N-MORB |
27 |
Co |
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
N-MORB |
27 |
Co |
47.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997
|
N-MORB |
27 |
Co |
47.07 |
|
3.719 |
|
|
26 |
ppm |
|
Hofmann 1988 |
Jochum et al. 1988
|
N-MORB |
27 |
Co |
37.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Thompson et al. 1980
|
Nakhla Meteorite |
27 |
Co |
48 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Nakhla Nakhlite |
27 |
Co |
81 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Nankai Trench |
27 |
Co |
15.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Nano Ooze |
27 |
Co |
12.5 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Nepheline Syenites |
27 |
Co |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
108 |
wt%ox |
|
Le Maitre 1976 |
|
New Hebrides Islands |
27 |
Co |
44.67 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Niger River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
North American Shale Composite (NASC) |
27 |
Co |
7.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
|
North American Shale Composite (NASC) |
27 |
Co |
14.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Wanke & Palme 1974
|
North American Shale Composite (NASC) |
27 |
Co |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
North Antilles Trench |
27 |
Co |
22.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites |
27 |
Co |
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Manheim et al. 1980 |
|
Novo-Urei Ureilite |
27 |
Co |
134 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Nuevo Laredo Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
2.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Jerde 1987
|
Ob River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Ocean Arc Xenoliths |
27 |
Co |
149 |
139 |
33 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Ocean Island Basalts |
27 |
Co |
0.0592 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oppenheimer 2004 |
Symonds et al. 1994
|
Ocean Island Basalts |
27 |
Co |
1.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oppenheimer 2004 |
Symonds et al. 1994
|
Oceanic Crust |
27 |
Co |
45 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1981
|
Oceanic Crust |
27 |
Co |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Hofmann 1988
|
Oceanic Island Xenoliths |
27 |
Co |
153 |
141 |
26 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Oceans Deep water |
27 |
Co |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
ng/kg |
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Knauer & Martin 1973
|
Oceans Surface water |
27 |
Co |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ng/kg |
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Knauer & Martin 1973
|
ODP Site 735 |
27 |
Co |
42.2 |
39 |
|
|
|
22 |
ppm |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
|
Oldoinyo Lengai Carbonatite |
27 |
Co |
0.0787 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oppenheimer 2004 |
Oppenheimer et al. 2002
|
Orangeite |
27 |
Co |
80 |
|
|
|
|
114 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Mitchell 1995
|
Orgueil Chondrite |
27 |
Co |
500 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Grossman et al. 1985 |
|
Orgueil Chondrite |
27 |
Co |
507 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
ppm |
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Orgueil Chondrite |
27 |
Co |
509 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
ppm |
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
|
Orinoco River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Paleozoic Orogens |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Paleozoic Orogens |
27 |
Co |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Co/Th |
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Parana River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
24.2 |
|
|
|
|
56 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
15.9 |
|
|
|
|
55 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
29.3 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
24.2 |
|
|
|
|
56 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
23.4 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
32.7 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
27 |
Co |
178.2 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelites |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
1341 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Pelites |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
69 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite |
27 |
Co |
9.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993
|
Peninsular Range Batholith |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Sylvester 1995
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
27 |
Co |
|
110 |
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
|
Fe/Co |
570 |
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
|
Ni/Co |
19 |
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Peru Trench |
27 |
Co |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pesyanoe Aubrite |
27 |
Co |
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Pesyanoe Aubrite |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Petersburg Eucrites |
27 |
Co |
69 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
27 |
Co |
44 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
27 |
Co |
36 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
27 |
Co |
50 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
27 |
Co |
64.7 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wooden et al. 1993
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
27 |
Co |
41.3 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wooden et al. 1993
|
Philip Trench |
27 |
Co |
80.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Phosphoria Formation |
27 |
Co |
|
|
|
|
0.001 |
61 |
ppm |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Phosphoria Formation |
27 |
Co |
2 |
|
|
|
|
60 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Gulbrandsen 1966
|
Precambrian Canadian Shield |
27 |
Co |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Precambrian Granulites |
27 |
Co |
39 |
|
|
|
|
88 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Hofmann 1988 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
105 |
|
10.5 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Hofmann 1988
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
|
105 |
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 1991 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
102 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
O'Neill & Palme 1998
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
102 |
|
5.1 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
O'Neill & Palme 1998
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1991
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
0.013 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
0.012 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Palme & Nickel 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
27 |
Co |
0.013 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Fe/Co |
620 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Co |
18.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite |
27 |
Co |
880 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Grossman et al. 1985 |
|
QUE 94201 Meteorite |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Radiolarian Clay |
27 |
Co |
41.7 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarian Clay |
27 |
Co |
48.7 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarian Clay |
27 |
Co |
48.7 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarites |
27 |
Co |
17.6 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarites |
27 |
Co |
12.5 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member |
27 |
Co |
|
|
|
|
0.001 |
20 |
ppm |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Rifted Continental Margins |
27 |
Co |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Rifted Continental Margins |
27 |
Co |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Rivers |
27 |
Co |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
Li 1982 |
|
Ryuku Trench |
27 |
Co |
160.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sandstones |
27 |
Co |
2.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Sandstones |
27 |
Co |
6.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Scotia Island Basalt |
27 |
Co |
35.94 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Seawater |
27 |
Co |
3e-05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broeker & Peng 1982 |
|
Seawater |
27 |
Co |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
ng/kg |
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Knauer & Martin 1973
|
Seawater |
27 |
Co |
15.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Craig et al. 1967
|
Seawater |
27 |
Co |
0.02 |
|
|
0.01 |
0.1 |
|
|
|
Bruland 1983 |
|
Seawater |
27 |
Co |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Li 1991 |
Whitfield & Turner 1987
|
Seawater |
27 |
Co |
0.002 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
Li 1982 |
Knauer et al. 1982
|
Sera de Mage Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Schmitt et al. 1972
|
Sera de Mage Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
4.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
|
Sera de Mage Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
6.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Serra De Mage Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
14.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Shales |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
27 |
Co |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shalka Diogenite |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994
|
Shallowater Aubrite |
27 |
Co |
490 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989
|
Shergotty Meteorite |
27 |
Co |
40 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Shergotty Shergottite |
27 |
Co |
63 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Silicate Earth |
27 |
Co |
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Silicate Earth |
27 |
Co |
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Silicate Earth |
27 |
Co |
105 |
|
10.5 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicate Earth |
|
Ni/Co |
18.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicic Precambrian Granulites |
27 |
Co |
28 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Silicified Limestone |
27 |
Co |
7.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Silty Mud |
27 |
Co |
26.4 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sioux County Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
6.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Sioux County Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
4.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Sioux County Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
4.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Solar Photosphere |
27 |
Co |
4.92 |
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Grevesse & Sauval 1998
|
Solar Photosphere |
27 |
Co |
4.92 |
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Solar System |
27 |
Co |
2250 |
|
148.5 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Solar System |
27 |
Co |
2200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
Cameron 1982
|
Solar System |
27 |
Co |
2250 |
|
155.25 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
|
Solar System |
27 |
Co |
4.9 |
|
0.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
|
Solid Earth |
27 |
Co |
880 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Solid Earth |
27 |
Co |
|
|
|
0.085 |
0.0915 |
|
wt% |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Solid Earth |
27 |
Co |
880 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Solid Earth |
27 |
Co |
870 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Allegre et al. 1995 |
|
Solid Earth |
|
Ni/Co |
|
|
|
20.7 |
20.6 |
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
South Antilles Trench |
27 |
Co |
22.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
27 |
Co |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Sandwich Trench |
27 |
Co |
32.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
27 |
Co |
112 |
111 |
10 |
|
|
166 |
ppm |
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
27 |
Co |
|
111 |
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 1991 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Fe/Co |
580 |
|
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ni/Co |
19.4 |
19.6 |
2.4 |
|
|
165 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ni/Co |
20 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
St. Lawrence River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
550 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Stannern Eucrite |
27 |
Co |
7.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Stannern Trend Eucrites |
27 |
Co |
14.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Stannern Trend Eucrites |
27 |
Co |
7.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Stannern Trend Eucrites |
27 |
Co |
14.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Stannern Trend Eucrites |
27 |
Co |
7.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Subducted Sediment |
27 |
Co |
21.9 |
|
9.48 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sumatra Trench |
27 |
Co |
18.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Tonalites |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
553 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
27 |
Co |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
27 |
Co |
8.4 |
|
|
|
|
641 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonga Trench |
27 |
Co |
216.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Tongan Basalts |
27 |
Co |
45.07 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Turbidites |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Turbidites |
27 |
Co |
13 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites |
27 |
Co |
61 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
17.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
11.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Condie 1993
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
17.3 |
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
see text
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor et al. 1983 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
17.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998
|
Upper Continental Crust |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Co/Th |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Co/Th |
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Ureilite Primitive Achondrites |
27 |
Co |
|
|
|
80 |
139 |
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
Mason 1971
|
Vanuatu Trench |
27 |
Co |
18.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Venus Atmosphere |
27 |
Co |
30 |
|
18 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002
|
Venus Atmosphere |
27 |
Co |
17 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002
|
Venus Atmosphere |
27 |
Co |
20 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002
|
Venus Atmosphere |
27 |
Co |
28 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002
|
Venus Atmosphere |
27 |
Co |
45 |
|
10 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998 Wieler 2002
|
Venus Core |
27 |
Co |
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998
|
Veramin Mesosiderite |
27 |
Co |
108.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971
|
Volcanoclastic Sediment |
27 |
Co |
16.2 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Volcanoclastic Turbidites |
27 |
Co |
30.4 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Volcanoclastic Turbidites |
27 |
Co |
38 |
|
|
|
|
43 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Washougal Howardite |
27 |
Co |
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Laul et al. 1972 |
|
Watson IIE Iron |
27 |
Co |
41.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Olsen et al. 1994
|
Winonaite Pontlyfni |
27 |
Co |
883 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977
|
Winonaite Tierra Blanca |
27 |
Co |
762 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990
|
Y-74450 Eucrites |
27 |
Co |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1977
|
Y-791491 Lodranite |
27 |
Co |
1250 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Yangtze Craton |
27 |
Co |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
27 |
Co |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
27 |
Co |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yemissei River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Yukon River Particulates |
27 |
Co |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|