GERM Database Search Results |
|
|
|
| |
| |
---|
|
Reservoir |
Z |
Element |
Value |
Median |
SD |
Low |
High |
N |
Unit |
Info |
Reference |
Source(s) |
Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites |
28 |
Ni |
13.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995
|
Active Continental Rifts |
28 |
Ni |
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Active Continental Rifts |
28 |
Ni |
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Alaska Trench |
28 |
Ni |
40.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Alborz Mountains |
28 |
Ni |
35 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Aval et al. 1968
|
Aleutian Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
130.08 |
|
|
|
|
26 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Aleutian Trench |
28 |
Ni |
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
ALH 77005 Meteorite |
28 |
Ni |
290 |
|
85 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
ALH 84001 Meteorite |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
ALH 84025 Brachinite |
28 |
Ni |
5.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Kallemeyn 1989a
|
ALHA 77257 Urelite |
28 |
Ni |
0.89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991
|
ALHA 81101 Urelite |
28 |
Ni |
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991
|
ALHA77081 Acapulcoite |
28 |
Ni |
15.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Schultz et al. 1982
|
Allende Meteorite |
28 |
Ni |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grossman & Wasson 1985 |
|
Amazon River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Amour River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Amphibolites |
28 |
Ni |
103 |
|
|
|
|
189 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Andaman Trench |
28 |
Ni |
63.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Andean Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Bailey 1981
|
Andes Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
130.49 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
95.14 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
41.4 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
Plank & Langmuir 1988
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
96 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Andesites |
28 |
Ni |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Angrite Angra Dos Reis |
28 |
Ni |
0.097 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990
|
Angrite LEW 87051 |
28 |
Ni |
0.044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990
|
Archean Amphibolites |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Weaver & Tarney 1981
|
Archean Canadian Shield |
28 |
Ni |
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Archean Canadian Shield |
28 |
Ni |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Eade & Fahrig 1971
|
Archean Lower Crust |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Weaver & Tarney 1984
|
Archean Terrains |
28 |
Ni |
77 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Archean Terrains |
28 |
Ni |
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Archean Terrains |
28 |
Ni |
130 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Archean Terrains |
28 |
Ni |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Shaw et al. 1967
|
Arenaceous Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
19 |
|
|
|
|
2754 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Arenaceous Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
44 |
|
|
|
|
121 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Ashy Clay |
28 |
Ni |
213.8 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Aubres Aubrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.161 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983
|
Australian Granite |
28 |
Ni |
8 |
|
|
|
|
1074 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Wormald & Price 1988
|
Australian Granite |
28 |
Ni |
11 |
|
|
|
|
704 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Chappell & White 1992
|
Australian Granite |
28 |
Ni |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Collins et al. 1982
|
Australian Granite |
28 |
Ni |
2 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Whalen 1985
|
Australian Granite |
28 |
Ni |
3 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Turner et al. 1992
|
Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites |
28 |
Ni |
2071 |
|
72 |
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
|
Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites |
28 |
Ni |
2040 |
|
117 |
|
|
18 |
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
|
Bambui Group |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Cathcart 1974
|
Barea Mesosiderite |
28 |
Ni |
1.224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
83 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
78 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
96 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
182 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
153 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Price et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
153 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Marzoli et al. 2000
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
130 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Marzoli et al. 2000
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
102 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Turner et al. 1996a
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
156 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Dungan et al. 1986
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
64 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Rogers et al. 1998
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
191 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Chung 1999
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
252 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Zhang & O'Reilly 1997
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
174 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Hoang & Flower 1998
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
481 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Chung et al. 2001
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
153 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wilson et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
86 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wilson et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
74 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Conticelli et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
138 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Jung & Hoernes 2000
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
99 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Chung et al. 1995
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
271 |
|
|
|
|
27 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Farmer et al. 2002
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
90 |
|
|
|
|
44 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Baker et al. 1997
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
195 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Paslick et al. 1995
|
Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
103 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Robert et al. 1992
|
Basic Precambrian Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
173 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Battle Creek Formation |
28 |
Ni |
9 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
De Keyser & Cook 1972
|
Battle Creek Formation |
28 |
Ni |
21 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
De Keyser & Cook 1972
|
Binda Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.0057 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Bone Valley Formation |
28 |
Ni |
9 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Boninites |
28 |
Ni |
191.76 |
|
|
|
|
75 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Brachina Brachinite |
28 |
Ni |
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Nehru et al. 1983
|
Brown Clay |
28 |
Ni |
106.1 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Brown Clay |
28 |
Ni |
247.7 |
|
|
|
|
29 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Brown Rock |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
CAI Inclusions Allende Meteorite |
28 |
Ni |
2660 |
|
133 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Bischoff & Palme 1987 |
|
Carbonaceous Chondrites |
|
Fe/Ni |
18.1 |
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Carbonate |
28 |
Ni |
49.2 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Carbonate Turbidites |
28 |
Ni |
42 |
|
|
|
|
87 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Carbonates |
28 |
Ni |
6 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Carbonates |
28 |
Ni |
6 |
|
|
|
|
2038 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Cascade Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
151.29 |
|
|
|
|
24 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Cascadia Trench |
28 |
Ni |
47.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Central America Trench |
28 |
Ni |
86 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Central American Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
245.05 |
|
|
|
|
29 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
57 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
73 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
64 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Central East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Chassigny Achondrite |
28 |
Ni |
446 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
Treiman et al. 1986
|
Chassigny Achondrite |
28 |
Ni |
400 |
|
50 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Chassigny Meteorite |
28 |
Ni |
500 |
|
70 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Chaunskij Mesosiderite |
28 |
Ni |
17.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000
|
Chert |
28 |
Ni |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
Chert |
28 |
Ni |
18.8 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Chert |
28 |
Ni |
27.8 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles |
28 |
Ni |
0.024 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
Schramm et al. 1989
|
Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles |
28 |
Ni |
0.032 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
Schramm et al. 1989
|
CI Chondrites |
|
Fe/Ni |
17.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
CI Chondrites |
|
FeO/Ni |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
CI Chondrites |
|
MgO/Ni |
14.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
0.047 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
McSween & Richardson 1977
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
1.077 |
|
0.03231 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Palme & Beer 1993
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Anders & Grevesse 1989
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
6.23 |
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
10770 |
|
323.1 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
Palme & Jones 2004
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
1.1 |
|
0.056 |
|
|
27 |
wt% |
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
10500 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
1.374 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
10700 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
10800 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Palme 1988
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
10960 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
Anders & Ebihara 1982
|
CI Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
0.048 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
Palme & Jones 2004
|
CI Chondrites |
|
Ni/Co |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
CI Chondrites |
|
Ni/Cr |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
Clastic Turbidites |
28 |
Ni |
47.5 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
CM Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
0.048 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
Jarosewich 1990
|
CM Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
0.057 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
McSween & Richardson 1977
|
CO Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
4.7 |
|
2.6 |
|
|
8 |
wt% |
|
Scott & Krot 2004 |
Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997
|
CO Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
3.9 |
|
0.7 |
|
|
106 |
wt% |
|
Scott & Krot 2004 |
Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997
|
CO Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
3.4 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
36 |
wt% |
|
Scott & Krot 2004 |
Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997
|
CO Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
5.2 |
|
2.2 |
|
|
6 |
wt% |
|
Scott & Krot 2004 |
Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997
|
Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles |
28 |
Ni |
0.019 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
Schramm et al. 1989
|
Colombia Trench |
28 |
Ni |
20.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Colorado River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Comet Halley |
28 |
Ni |
6.19 |
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
Jessberger et al. 1988
|
Congo River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Continental Arc Andesite |
28 |
Ni |
137.89 |
|
|
|
|
52 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arc Andesite |
28 |
Ni |
158.74 |
|
|
|
|
146 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arc Xenoliths |
28 |
Ni |
2110 |
2066 |
282 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Arcs |
28 |
Ni |
98 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Arcs |
28 |
Ni |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
64.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1991
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998a
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1986
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Weaver & Tarney 1984
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor 1964
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Candela 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Candela 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
28 |
Ni |
0.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
28 |
Ni |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
28 |
Ni |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
28 |
Ni |
0.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
28 |
Ni |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
28 |
Ni |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Peridotite |
28 |
Ni |
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Ionov 1996
|
Continental Intraplate Xenoliths |
28 |
Ni |
2147 |
2135 |
263 |
|
|
273 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Rift Xenoliths |
28 |
Ni |
2152 |
2160 |
220 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Continental Shields & Platforms |
28 |
Ni |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Continental Shields & Platforms |
28 |
Ni |
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Core |
|
Fe/Ni |
|
|
|
16 |
16 |
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Core |
28 |
Ni |
5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Core |
28 |
Ni |
5.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Core |
28 |
Ni |
52000 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Core |
28 |
Ni |
4.87 |
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Allegre et al. 1995 |
|
Core |
28 |
Ni |
5.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Core |
28 |
Ni |
|
|
|
4.9 |
5.4 |
|
wt% |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Core |
28 |
Ni |
5.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Core |
|
Ni/Co |
|
|
|
20.8 |
20.8 |
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Core |
|
Ni/P |
|
|
|
10 |
11 |
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Cratonic Xenoliths |
28 |
Ni |
2579 |
2570 |
324 |
|
|
232 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
D'Orbigny Angrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.091 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt et al. 2002
|
Danube River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Depleted D-MORB basalts |
28 |
Ni |
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Depleted Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jones & Drake 1986 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Depleted Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
1960 |
|
196 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Salters & Stracke 2004 |
|
Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene |
28 |
Ni |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Depleted MORB Mantle Olivine |
28 |
Ni |
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene |
28 |
Ni |
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Depleted MORB Mantle Spinel |
28 |
Ni |
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
|
Diatom Oozes & Clay |
28 |
Ni |
31.7 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Clay |
28 |
Ni |
46.7 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Mud |
28 |
Ni |
204.5 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diatome Ooze |
28 |
Ni |
44.5 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Diorite |
28 |
Ni |
34 |
|
|
|
|
260 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Dover Sandstone |
28 |
Ni |
45 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Cathcart & Schmidt 1974
|
DSDP/ODP Site 800 |
28 |
Ni |
111.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
DSDP/ODP Site 801 |
28 |
Ni |
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
DSDP/ODP Site 801 |
28 |
Ni |
87.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Dyalpur Ureilite |
28 |
Ni |
1110 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
Higuchi et al. 1976
|
E-MORB |
28 |
Ni |
91 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
164 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
134 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
6.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Early Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Earth |
28 |
Ni |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Ganapathy & Anders 1974
|
East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
East China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
East Sunda Trench |
28 |
Ni |
63.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
EET 83309 Urelite |
28 |
Ni |
1.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Kallemeyn 1989b
|
EET 84302 Acapulcoite |
28 |
Ni |
20.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Enstatite Chondrites |
|
Fe/Ni |
16.5 |
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Estherville Mesosiderite |
28 |
Ni |
1.042 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977
|
Eucrites |
28 |
Ni |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
|
Felsic Archean Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
15 |
|
|
|
263 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Felsic Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
37 |
|
|
|
|
137 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Felsic Post-Archean Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
16 |
8 |
|
|
|
128 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
10 |
|
|
|
|
972 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Felsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Frankfort Howardites |
28 |
Ni |
0.125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978
|
Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
135.24 |
|
|
|
|
46 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean |
28 |
Ni |
137 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Klein et al. 1991
|
Ganges River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Garnet Peridotites |
|
Fe/Ni |
26 |
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Garnet Peridotites |
|
MgO/Ni |
199 |
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Garnet Peridotites |
28 |
Ni |
|
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1991 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990
|
Garnet Peridotites |
28 |
Ni |
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975
|
Garnet Peridotites |
|
Ni/Co |
21 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Garnet Peridotites |
|
Ni/Cr |
1.08 |
|
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Garnet Peridotites |
|
Ni/Ir |
630000 |
|
290000 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Garonne River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Gibson Lodranite |
28 |
Ni |
8.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Goalpara Ureilite |
28 |
Ni |
881 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
Higuchi et al. 1976
|
Goalpara Ureilite |
28 |
Ni |
850 |
|
20 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Granites |
28 |
Ni |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granites |
28 |
Ni |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granites |
28 |
Ni |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Granites |
28 |
Ni |
6.2 |
|
|
|
|
1226 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Granites |
28 |
Ni |
15 |
|
|
|
|
402 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Granites |
28 |
Ni |
15 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Kemp 2001
|
Granites |
28 |
Ni |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Sylvester 1995
|
Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Weaver & Tarney 1982
|
Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
89 |
27 |
|
|
|
491 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
57 |
25 |
|
|
|
319 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Granulitic Xenolites |
28 |
Ni |
137 |
83 |
|
|
|
239 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Presper 1990 |
|
Graywackes |
28 |
Ni |
45 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
28 |
Ni |
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
28 |
Ni |
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
28 |
Ni |
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
28 |
Ni |
45 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Graywackes |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Greater Antilles Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
141.53 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Green Clay |
28 |
Ni |
47.5 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Greywackes |
28 |
Ni |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
H Ordinary Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Mason 1965
|
Havero Ureilite |
28 |
Ni |
1170 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
Higuchi et al. 1976
|
Havero Ureilite Vein Metal |
28 |
Ni |
2850 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
|
Havero Urelite |
28 |
Ni |
0.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1972
|
Honshu Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
191.52 |
|
|
|
|
57 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Hydrothermal Sediment |
28 |
Ni |
189.2 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
IAB Campo del Cielo |
28 |
Ni |
4.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Bild 1977
|
IAB Iron Meteorites |
28 |
Ni |
9.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
IAB Landes |
28 |
Ni |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Bild 1977
|
IAB Udei Station |
28 |
Ni |
2.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985
|
Ibitira Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000
|
Igneous Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
3.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
|
IIAB Iron Meteorites |
28 |
Ni |
5.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
IIIAB Iron Meteorites |
28 |
Ni |
8.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
Interior North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
78 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interior North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Interlayerd Clay & Chert |
28 |
Ni |
17.5 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Interlayered Chert & Limestone |
28 |
Ni |
29.7 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Interlayered Clay & Chert |
28 |
Ni |
234 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Intermediate Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
57 |
|
|
|
|
136 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
71 |
46 |
|
|
|
88 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites |
28 |
Ni |
76 |
52 |
|
|
|
30 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
35 |
24 |
|
|
|
69 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Intermediate Precambrian Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
26 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Interplanetary Dust Particles |
28 |
Ni |
0.027 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
Schramm et al. 1989
|
Intra Stellar Medium |
28 |
Ni |
3.51 |
|
0.1755 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Savage & Sembach 1996
|
Island Arc Andesite |
28 |
Ni |
239.67 |
|
|
|
|
135 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Island Arc Andesite |
28 |
Ni |
118.63 |
|
|
|
|
22 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Island Arcs |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Island Arcs |
28 |
Ni |
13 |
|
|
|
|
323 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Silver & Chappell 1998
|
IVA Iron Meteorites |
28 |
Ni |
8.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
IVB Iron Meteorites |
28 |
Ni |
17.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Haack & McCoy 2004 |
Chabot & Drake 2000 Jones & Drake 1983
|
Izu-Bonin Trench |
28 |
Ni |
52.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Japan Trench |
28 |
Ni |
66.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Java Trench |
28 |
Ni |
91.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Johnstown Diogenite |
28 |
Ni |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1977
|
Juvinas Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
|
Kamchatka Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
135.08 |
|
|
|
|
40 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Kamchatka Trench |
28 |
Ni |
20.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Kapoeta Howardites |
28 |
Ni |
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wanke et al. 1972
|
Kenna Ureilite |
28 |
Ni |
1740 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
|
Kenna Ureilite |
28 |
Ni |
1180 |
|
20 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Kenna Ureilite Vein Metal |
28 |
Ni |
2380 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
|
Kerm Trench |
28 |
Ni |
118.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Kermadec Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
110 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Kimberlite |
28 |
Ni |
1177 |
|
|
|
|
22 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Taylor et al. 1994
|
Komatiites |
|
Fe/Ni |
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Komatiites |
|
MgO/Ni |
210 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Komatiites |
28 |
Ni |
1700 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Komatiites |
|
Ni/Co |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Komatiites |
|
Ni/Cr |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Komatiites |
|
Ni/Ir |
1000000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Kuriles Trench |
28 |
Ni |
66.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Kyzyl Kum |
28 |
Ni |
7 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Kapustyanski 1964
|
L Ordinary Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
0.032 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bradley 2004 |
Jarosewich 1990
|
La Caja Formation |
28 |
Ni |
43 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Rogers et al. 1956
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
76 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
85 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
3.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Archean Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
3.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Late Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Lena River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
147 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Lesser Antilles Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
442.69 |
|
|
|
|
52 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
LL Ordinary Chondrites |
28 |
Ni |
9.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grossman & Wasson 1985 |
|
Low Si-Mg Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
141 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Taylor 1987
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Presper 1990
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1994
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Weaver & Tarney 1984
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
347 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Liu et al. 2001
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Villaseca et al. 1999
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
73 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Condie & Selverstone 1999
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
135 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
64 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998a
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
156 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Lower Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Luzon Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
96.57 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
MAC 88177 Lodranite |
28 |
Ni |
2.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Macibini Eucrites |
28 |
Ni |
0.043 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b
|
MacKenzie River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Mafic Archean Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
227 |
112 |
|
|
|
84 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mafic Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
78 |
|
|
|
|
128 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mafic Granulitic Xenolites |
28 |
Ni |
150 |
105 |
|
|
|
175 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mafic Intrusions |
28 |
Ni |
98 |
|
|
|
|
308 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mafic Post-Archean Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
126 |
80 |
|
|
|
61 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Makran Trench |
28 |
Ni |
98.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Malvern Howardites |
28 |
Ni |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Palme et al. 1978
|
Manganese Nodules |
28 |
Ni |
6600 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Baturin 1988
|
Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
|
Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.26 |
|
|
0.24 |
0.28 |
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
|
Mantle Xenoliths |
28 |
Ni |
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
McDonough 1990
|
Marianas Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
128.3 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Marianas Trench |
28 |
Ni |
99.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Marine Organisms |
28 |
Ni |
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Bowen 1979
|
Marine Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
230 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Marine Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
230 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1982 |
|
Marine Phosphorites |
28 |
Ni |
53 |
33 |
|
7 |
250 |
16 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Marine Shales |
28 |
Ni |
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Marine Shales |
28 |
Ni |
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Li 1991 |
Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
|
Mars Core |
28 |
Ni |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Wanke & Dreibus 1988
|
Mars Core |
28 |
Ni |
7.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1997
|
Mars Core |
28 |
Ni |
7.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Sanloup 1999
|
Mavic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
75 |
|
|
|
|
632 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member |
28 |
Ni |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
ppm |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Mekong River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions |
28 |
Ni |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions |
28 |
Ni |
53 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens |
28 |
Ni |
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens |
28 |
Ni |
53 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
META 78008 Urelite |
28 |
Ni |
1.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Kallemeyn 1992
|
Metafelsic Volcanics |
28 |
Ni |
14 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Metalliferous Clay |
28 |
Ni |
420.5 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites |
28 |
Ni |
52 |
33 |
|
|
|
52 |
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Mexico Trench |
28 |
Ni |
170.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Middle Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Middle Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
33.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Middle Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1994
|
Middle Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Rudnick & Fountain 1995
|
Middle Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998
|
Middle Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Weaver & Tarney 1984
|
Middle Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
33.5 |
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Miles IIE Iron |
28 |
Ni |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Ebihara et al. 1997
|
Miles IIE Iron |
28 |
Ni |
6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Ebihara et al. 1997
|
Mincy Mesosiderite |
28 |
Ni |
3.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977
|
Mishash Formation |
28 |
Ni |
73 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Mazor 1963
|
Mississippi River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Monterey Formation |
28 |
Ni |
70 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Moon |
28 |
Ni |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
Ganapathy & Anders 1974
|
Moore County Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.0042 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
28 |
Ni |
41.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
28 |
Ni |
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
28 |
Ni |
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
MORB Basaltic Glass |
28 |
Ni |
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
N-MORB |
28 |
Ni |
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Niu et al. 1999
|
N-MORB |
28 |
Ni |
81 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
N-MORB |
28 |
Ni |
123 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Thompson et al. 1980
|
N-MORB |
28 |
Ni |
149.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997
|
N-MORB |
28 |
Ni |
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
N-MORB |
28 |
Ni |
149.5 |
|
|
|
|
26 |
ppm |
|
Hofmann 1988 |
Jochum et al. 1988
|
Nakhla Meteorite |
28 |
Ni |
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Nankai Trench |
28 |
Ni |
37.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Nanno Ooze |
28 |
Ni |
30.5 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Nano Ooze |
28 |
Ni |
42.6 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Narbada River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
85 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
New Hebrides Islands |
28 |
Ni |
131.72 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Niger River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
North American Shale Composite (NASC) |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
North American Shale Composite (NASC) |
28 |
Ni |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
|
North Antilles Trench |
28 |
Ni |
73.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
North Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites |
28 |
Ni |
0.004 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
wt%ox |
|
Manheim et al. 1980 |
|
Novo-Urei Ureilite |
28 |
Ni |
1540 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
Higuchi et al. 1976
|
Novo-Urei Ureilite |
28 |
Ni |
1300 |
|
50 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
|
Nuevo Laredo Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Warren & Jerde 1987
|
Ob River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Ocean Arc Xenoliths |
28 |
Ni |
2262 |
2404 |
298 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Oceanic Crust |
28 |
Ni |
144 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1981
|
Oceanic Crust |
28 |
Ni |
149 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Hofmann 1988
|
Oceanic Island Xenoliths |
28 |
Ni |
2410 |
2399 |
187 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
723 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Tejada et al. 2002
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Tejada et al. 2002
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
122 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Tejada et al. 1996
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
264 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Kerr et al. 2002
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
97 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Kerr et al. 1996
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Mahoney et al. 1993
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
968 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
182 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Salters et al. 1992
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Salters et al. 1992
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
102 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Kerr et al. 1996
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Salters et al. 1992
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
150 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Hauff et al. 2000
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
112 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Salters et al. 1992
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Mahoney et al. 1995
|
Oceanic Plateaus |
28 |
Ni |
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kerr 2004 |
Mahoney et al. 1993
|
Oceans Deep water |
28 |
Ni |
566 |
|
|
|
|
|
ng/kg |
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Bruland 1980
|
Oceans Surface water |
28 |
Ni |
146 |
|
|
|
|
|
ng/kg |
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Bruland 1980
|
ODP Site 735 |
28 |
Ni |
138.1 |
112 |
|
|
|
22 |
ppm |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
|
Orangeite |
28 |
Ni |
1224 |
|
|
|
|
114 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Mitchell 1995
|
Ordinary Chondrites |
|
Fe/Ni |
17.5 |
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Orgueil Chondrite |
28 |
Ni |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
wt% |
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Orgueil Chondrite |
28 |
Ni |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
|
Orgueil Chondrite |
28 |
Ni |
10.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grossman et al. 1985 |
|
Orinoco River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Oulad Abdoun Basin |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Pacific Ocean Deep Water |
28 |
Ni |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bruland 1983 |
|
Pacific Ocean Surface Water |
28 |
Ni |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bruland 1983 |
|
Paleozoic Orogens |
28 |
Ni |
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Paleozoic Orogens |
28 |
Ni |
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
28 |
Ni |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Paleozoic Upper Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
313 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
332.3 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
393.8 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
3.6 |
|
|
|
|
56 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
112.8 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
37.8 |
|
|
|
|
55 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
3.6 |
|
|
|
|
56 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Pelagic Clay |
28 |
Ni |
313 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
Pelites |
28 |
Ni |
27 |
|
|
|
|
69 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Pelites |
28 |
Ni |
36 |
|
|
|
|
1341 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993
|
Peninsular Range Batholith |
28 |
Ni |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Sylvester 1995
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
|
Fe/Ni |
31 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
|
MgO/Ni |
196 |
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
28 |
Ni |
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
|
Ni/Co |
19 |
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
|
Ni/Cr |
0.82 |
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Periodotite Section in Ophiolites |
|
Ni/Ir |
515000 |
|
120000 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Peru Trench |
28 |
Ni |
97.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Petersburg Eucrites |
28 |
Ni |
1.247 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
589 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wooden et al. 1993
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
58 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
99 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Peate 1997
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
69 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Lightfoot et al. 1990
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
28 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
134 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Lightfoot et al. 1990
|
Phanerozoic Flood Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
59 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
ppm |
|
Farmer 2004 |
Wooden et al. 1993
|
Philip Trench |
28 |
Ni |
180.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Phosphoria Formation |
28 |
Ni |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
61 |
ppm |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Phosphoria Formation |
28 |
Ni |
100 |
|
|
|
|
60 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Gulbrandsen 1966
|
Phosphoria Formation |
28 |
Ni |
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Post-Archean Terrrains |
28 |
Ni |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Eade & Fahrig 1971
|
Precambrian Canadian Shield |
28 |
Ni |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Precambrian Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
89 |
|
|
|
|
88 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Fe/Ni |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Fe/Ni |
31.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
FeO/Ni |
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
MgO/Ni |
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
MgO/Ni |
197 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
1960 |
|
196 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
2060 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Hofmann 1988
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
1950 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
1990 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 |
Wedepohl 1991
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Ringwood 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Wanke et al. 1984
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.277 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Anderson 1983
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Palme & Nickel 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
McDonough & Sun 1989
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1991 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Green et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Frey 1989 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
Allegre et al. 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
2080 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Hofmann 1988 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Workman & Hart 2005 |
McDonough & Sun 1995
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
McDonough & Sun 1995
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Allegre et al. 1995
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
1860 |
|
93 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
O'Neill & Palme 1998
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Palme & O'Neill 2004
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Palme & Nickel 1985
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Pearson et al. 2004 |
Hart & Zindler 1986
|
Primitive Mantle |
28 |
Ni |
1860 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Palme & O'Neill 2004 |
O'Neill & Palme 1998
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Co |
18.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Co |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Co |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Cr |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Cr |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/Ir |
570000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Primitive Mantle |
|
Ni/P |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 |
28 |
Ni |
174 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Hart et al. 1999 |
|
Pungo River Formation |
28 |
Ni |
13 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
|
Pyrolites |
28 |
Ni |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Ringwood 1979
|
Pyrolites |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
McDougall & Sun 1995
|
Qingzhen Enstatite Chondrite |
28 |
Ni |
16.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grossman et al. 1985 |
|
QUE 94201 Meteorite |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Radiolarian Clay |
28 |
Ni |
147.2 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarian Clay |
28 |
Ni |
169 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarian Clay |
28 |
Ni |
169 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarites |
28 |
Ni |
26.3 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Radiolarites |
28 |
Ni |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
Radiolarites |
28 |
Ni |
33.6 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member |
28 |
Ni |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
ppm |
|
Gulbrandsen 1966 |
|
Rifted Continental Margins |
28 |
Ni |
98 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
Rifted Continental Margins |
28 |
Ni |
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Rudnick & Fountain 1995 |
|
River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Rivers |
28 |
Ni |
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
Li 1982 |
|
Ryuku Trench |
28 |
Ni |
353.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sandstones |
28 |
Ni |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Sandstones |
28 |
Ni |
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Scotia Island Basalt |
28 |
Ni |
84.67 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Seawater |
28 |
Ni |
480 |
|
|
|
|
|
ng/kg |
|
Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 |
Bruland 1980
|
Seawater |
28 |
Ni |
0.008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broeker & Peng 1982 |
|
Seawater |
28 |
Ni |
8 |
|
|
2 |
12 |
|
|
|
Bruland 1983 |
|
Seawater |
28 |
Ni |
530 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Li 1991 |
Whitfield & Turner 1987
|
Seawater |
28 |
Ni |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppb |
|
Li 1982 |
Boyle 1976 Bruland 1980
|
Sera de Mage Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Morgan et al. 1978 |
|
Serra De Mage Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.0118 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Shales |
28 |
Ni |
221 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
28 |
Ni |
52 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shales |
28 |
Ni |
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Shalka Diogenite |
28 |
Ni |
0.005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994
|
Shallowater Aubrite |
28 |
Ni |
9.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989
|
Shergotty Meteorite |
28 |
Ni |
79 |
|
12 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McSween, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders 1998
|
Silicate Earth |
|
Fe/Ni |
31.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicate Earth |
28 |
Ni |
1960 |
|
196 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicate Earth |
28 |
Ni |
1960 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Silicate Earth |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicate Earth |
28 |
Ni |
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Green et al. 1979
|
Silicate Earth |
28 |
Ni |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Silicate Earth |
28 |
Ni |
1960 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Silicate Earth |
28 |
Ni |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985
|
Silicate Earth |
|
Ni/Co |
18.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicate Earth |
|
Ni/P |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Silicic Precambrian Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
41 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Silicified Limestone |
28 |
Ni |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Silty Mud |
28 |
Ni |
125.4 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sioux County Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
0.0017 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Slope Lisbourne Group |
28 |
Ni |
250 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Patton & Matzko 1959
|
Solar Corona |
28 |
Ni |
6.29 |
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
Meyer 1985
|
Solar Corona |
28 |
Ni |
6.22 |
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
Breneman & Stone 1985
|
Solar Corona |
28 |
Ni |
6.22 |
|
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Solar Photosphere |
28 |
Ni |
6.25 |
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
Grevesse & Sauval 1998
|
Solar Photosphere |
28 |
Ni |
6.25 |
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Solar System |
28 |
Ni |
47800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
Cameron 1982
|
Solar System |
28 |
Ni |
49300 |
|
2810.1 |
|
|
25 |
|
|
Anders & Ebihara 1982 |
|
Solar System |
28 |
Ni |
6.23 |
|
0.623 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palme & Jones 2004 |
|
Solar System |
28 |
Ni |
49300 |
|
2510 |
|
|
27 |
|
|
Anders & Grevesse 1989 |
|
Solid Earth |
|
Fe/Ni |
|
|
|
17.1 |
17.3 |
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Solid Earth |
28 |
Ni |
|
|
|
1.72 |
1.89 |
|
wt% |
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Solid Earth |
28 |
Ni |
1.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Solid Earth |
28 |
Ni |
18200 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Solid Earth |
28 |
Ni |
1.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Solid Earth |
28 |
Ni |
1.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
McDonough 2004 |
|
Solid Earth |
28 |
Ni |
1.6147 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Allegre et al. 1995 |
|
Solid Earth |
28 |
Ni |
188220 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
McDonough 1998 |
|
Solid Earth |
|
Ni/Co |
|
|
|
20.7 |
20.6 |
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
Solid Earth |
|
Ni/P |
|
|
|
10 |
11 |
|
|
|
McDonough & Sun 1995 |
|
South African Garnet Peridotites |
28 |
Ni |
0.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
Boyd & Mertzman 1987
|
South Antilles Trench |
28 |
Ni |
58.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Margin of North China Craton |
28 |
Ni |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
45 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Qinling Belt in China |
28 |
Ni |
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
South Sandwich Trench |
28 |
Ni |
31.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Fe/Ni |
31 |
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
FeO/Ni |
39 |
37 |
11 |
|
|
308 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
MgO/Ni |
190 |
190 |
33 |
|
|
308 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
MgO/Ni |
191 |
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
28 |
Ni |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1990 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975
|
Spinel Peridotites |
28 |
Ni |
2160 |
2140 |
304 |
|
|
308 |
ppm |
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
28 |
Ni |
|
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
wt%ox |
|
McDonough 1991 |
Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ni/Co |
20 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ni/Co |
19.4 |
19.6 |
2.4 |
|
|
165 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ni/Cr |
0.86 |
0.79 |
0.31 |
|
|
308 |
|
|
McDonough 1990 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ni/Cr |
0.86 |
|
0.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
Spinel Peridotites |
|
Ni/Ir |
600000 |
|
140000 |
|
|
|
|
|
McDonough 1991 |
|
St. Lawrence River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
240 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Stannern Eucrite |
28 |
Ni |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973
|
Subducted Sediment |
28 |
Ni |
70.5 |
|
14.73 |
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Sumatra Trench |
28 |
Ni |
57.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
17.2 |
|
0.3 |
|
|
86 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
41 |
|
3 |
|
|
6 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
42 |
|
1 |
|
|
31 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
516 |
|
15 |
|
|
17 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
11 |
|
3 |
|
|
7 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks |
28 |
Ni |
4.8 |
|
0.2 |
|
|
13 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk |
28 |
Ni |
200 |
|
|
|
|
38 |
ppm |
|
Altschuller 1980 |
Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970
|
Tonalites |
28 |
Ni |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
28 |
Ni |
16 |
|
|
|
|
641 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
28 |
Ni |
14 |
|
|
|
|
355 |
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Martin 1995
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
28 |
Ni |
29 |
|
|
|
|
553 |
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
28 |
Ni |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
28 |
Ni |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites |
28 |
Ni |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Tonga Trench |
28 |
Ni |
251.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Tongan Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
182.22 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
ppm |
|
Kelemen et al. 2004 |
|
Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts |
28 |
Ni |
115 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Klein 2004 |
Lehnert 2000
|
Turbidites |
28 |
Ni |
52.3 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Turbidites |
28 |
Ni |
36.5 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites |
28 |
Ni |
275 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Cr/Ni |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor & McLennan 1995 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
18.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Wedepohl 1995 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Condie 1993
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Eade and Fahrig 1973
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
47 |
|
11 |
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
see text
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Shaw et al. 1986 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Taylor et al. 1983 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Weaver & Tarney 1984 |
Taylor & McLennan 1981
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 |
Rudnick & Gao 2004
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Gao et al. 1998
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995
|
Upper Continental Crust |
28 |
Ni |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Rudnick & Gao 2004 |
Wedepohl 1995
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Upper Continental Crust |
|
Ni/Co |
3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condie 1993 |
|
Ureilite Primitive Achondrites |
28 |
Ni |
|
|
|
900 |
2300 |
|
ppm |
|
Boynton et al. 1976 |
Mason 1971
|
Ureilite Rock Metal |
28 |
Ni |
5.2 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
wt% |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
Berkley & Jones 1982
|
Ureilite Vein Metal |
28 |
Ni |
5.6 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
wt% |
|
Janssens et al. 1987 |
Berkley & Jones 1982
|
Vanuatu Trench |
28 |
Ni |
49.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Venus Core |
28 |
Ni |
6.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998
|
Venus Core |
28 |
Ni |
5.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Lodders & Fegley 1998
|
Venus Core |
28 |
Ni |
5.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Fegley, Jr. 2004 |
Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998
|
Veramin Mesosiderite |
28 |
Ni |
2.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971
|
Volcanoclastic Sediment |
28 |
Ni |
33.8 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Volcanoclastic Turbidites |
28 |
Ni |
202.3 |
|
|
|
|
43 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Volcanoclastic Turbidites |
28 |
Ni |
140.6 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
ppm |
|
Plank & Langmuir 1998 |
|
Volcanoclastic Turbidites |
28 |
Ni |
141 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Elliot et al. 1997 |
|
Watson IIE Iron |
28 |
Ni |
0.629 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Olsen et al. 1994
|
Winonaite Pontlyfni |
28 |
Ni |
23.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977
|
Winonaite Tierra Blanca |
28 |
Ni |
12.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990
|
Xenolites |
28 |
Ni |
0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
wt% |
|
Walter 2004 |
Jagoutz et al. 1979
|
Y-791491 Lodranite |
28 |
Ni |
12.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mittlefehldt 2004 |
Weigel et al. 1999
|
Yangtze Craton |
28 |
Ni |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
28 |
Ni |
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
28 |
Ni |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
28 |
Ni |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yangtze Craton |
28 |
Ni |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
ppm |
|
Gao et al. 1998 |
|
Yemissei River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
325 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|
Yukon River Particulates |
28 |
Ni |
136 |
|
|
|
|
|
µg/g |
|
Martin & Meybeck 1979 |
|