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Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC)
Promoting information technology infrastructures for the international paleomagnetic, geomagnetic and rock magnetic community.
Browse the MagIC Method Codes:
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Anisotropy Estimation
3
AE-BSBootstrap method
| Definition: | Bootstrap method |
AE-BS-PBootstrap method: Parametric
| Definition: | Bootstrap method: Parametric |
AE-HHext estimation of anisotropy parameters
| Definition: | Hext estimation of anisotropy parameters |
Data Adjustment
46
DA-ACAnisotropy correction
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction |
DA-AC-AARMAnisotropy correction: Tensor of AARM
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Tensor of AARM |
DA-AC-AATRAnisotropy correction: Tensor of AATR
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Tensor of AATR |
DA-AC-AIRMAnisotropy correction: Tensor of AIRM
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Tensor of AIRM |
DA-AC-AMSAnisotropy correction: Tensor of AMS
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Tensor of AMS |
DA-AC-ATRMAnisotropy correction: Tensor of ATRM
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Tensor of ATRM |
DA-AC-BAnisotropy correction: Burakov's TRM correction
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Burakov's TRM correction |
DA-AC-NNAnisotropy correction: Tested for anisotropy correction but none needed and not applied
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Tested for anisotropy correction but none needed and not applied |
DA-AC-ROTAnisotropy correction: Rotation tensor applied as given in rotation_sequence
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Rotation tensor applied as given in rotation_sequence |
DA-AC-TILTAnisotropy correction: Adjusted for tilt - bed_dip and bed_dip_direction column values applied
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Adjusted for tilt - bed_dip and bed_dip_direction column values applied |
DA-AC-TILT1Anisotropy correction: Adjusted for tilt - rotation_sequence trend and plunge (TP) applied and then bed_dip and bed_dip_direction column values applied
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Adjusted for tilt - rotation_sequence trend and plunge (TP) applied and then bed_dip and bed_dip_direction column values applied |
DA-AC-TILT2Anisotropy correction: Adjusted for tilt - alternative rotation_sequence bed dip and bed dip direction (DD1)
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Adjusted for tilt - alternative rotation_sequence bed dip and bed dip direction (DD1) |
DA-AC-TILT3Anisotropy correction: Adjusted for tilt - rotation_sequence alternative trend and plunge (TP1) applied and then alternative rotation_sequence bed dip and bed dip direction(DD1) applied
| Definition: | Anisotropy correction: Adjusted for tilt - rotation_sequence alternative trend and plunge (TP1) applied and then alternative rotation_sequence bed dip and bed dip direction(DD1) applied |
DA-ALTAlteration correction
| Definition: | Alteration correction |
DA-ALT-BNAlteration correction: Burakov & Nachasova
| Definition: | Alteration correction: Burakov & Nachasova |
DA-ALT-KAlteration correction: Kono
| Definition: | Alteration correction: Kono |
DA-ALT-RSAlteration correction: Rolph & Shaw
| Definition: | Alteration correction: Rolph & Shaw |
DA-ALT-VAlteration correction: Corrections using pTRM-check
| Definition: | Alteration correction: Corrections using pTRM-check |
DA-CRCooling rate correction
| Definition: | Cooling rate correction |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1180067 |
DA-CR-EGCooling rate correction: Educated guess
| Definition: | Cooling rate correction: Educated guess |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1180067 |
DA-CR-PSCooling rate correction: Percent estimated from pilot samples
| Definition: | Cooling rate correction: Percent estimated from pilot samples |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1180067 |
DA-CR-TRMCooling rate correction: Comparison between 2 TRMs acquired with a slow and rapid cooling rate
| Definition: | Cooling rate correction: Comparison between 2 TRMs acquired with a slow and rapid cooling rate |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1180067 |
DA-DCDeconvolution
| Definition: | Deconvolution |
DA-DIRDirection correction
| Definition: | Direction correction |
DA-DIR-DTDirection correction: Detrending of directional data from a sediment core
| Definition: | Direction correction: Detrending of directional data from a sediment core |
DA-DIR-FLATDirection correction: Flattening correction
| Definition: | Direction correction: Flattening correction |
DA-DIR-FLAT-EIDirection correction: Flattening correction: Elongation/Inclination based - Tauxe and Kent (2004); DOI:10.1029/145GM08
| Definition: | Direction correction: Flattening correction: Elongation/Inclination based - Tauxe and Kent (2004); DOI:10.1029/145GM08 |
DA-DIR-FLAT-EMPDirection correction: Flattening correction: Empirical - Jackson et al. (1991); DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb02496.x
| Definition: | Direction correction: Flattening correction: Empirical - Jackson et al. (1991); DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb02496.x |
DA-DIR-FLAT-ESTDirection correction: Flattening correction: Estimated - Domeier et al. (2011); DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.016
| Definition: | Direction correction: Flattening correction: Estimated - Domeier et al. (2011); DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.016 |
DA-DIR-GEODirection correction: Adjusted for sample orientation
| Definition: | Direction correction: Adjusted for sample orientation |
DA-DIR-HDirection correction: Data adjustment to the horizontal
| Definition: | Direction correction: Data adjustment to the horizontal |
DA-DIR-INCDirection correction: Inclination correction
| Definition: | Direction correction: Inclination correction |
DA-DIR-ROGDirection correction: Model of the easy plane of magnetization
| Definition: | Direction correction: Model of the easy plane of magnetization |
DA-DIR-ROTDirection correction: Rotation tensor applied as given in rotation_sequence
| Definition: | Direction correction: Rotation tensor applied as given in rotation_sequence |
DA-DIR-TILTDirection correction: Adjusted for tilt - bed_dip and bed_dip_direction column values applied
| Definition: | Direction correction: Adjusted for tilt - bed_dip and bed_dip_direction column values applied |
DA-DIR-TILT1Direction correction: Adjusted for tilt - rotation_sequence trend and plunge (TP) applied and then bed_dip and bed_dip_direction column values applied
| Definition: | Direction correction: Adjusted for tilt - rotation_sequence trend and plunge (TP) applied and then bed_dip and bed_dip_direction column values applied |
DA-DIR-TILT2Direction correction: Adjusted for tilt - alternative rotation_sequence bed dip and bed dip direction (DD1)
| Definition: | Direction correction: Adjusted for tilt - alternative rotation_sequence bed dip and bed dip direction (DD1) |
DA-DIR-TILT3Direction correction: Adjusted for tilt - rotation_sequence alternative trend and plunge (TP1) applied and then alternative rotation_sequence bed dip and bed dip direction(DD1) applied
| Definition: | Direction correction: Adjusted for tilt - rotation_sequence alternative trend and plunge (TP1) applied and then alternative rotation_sequence bed dip and bed dip direction(DD1) applied |
DA-DIR-VDirection correction: Data adjustment to the vertical
| Definition: | Direction correction: Data adjustment to the vertical |
DA-HYST-JSIsolation of ferromagnetic loop according to protocol of Jackson and Solheid (2010)
| Definition: | Isolation of ferromagnetic loop according to protocol of Jackson and Solheid (2010) |
DA-HYST-LDLinear detrending in hysteresis loop
| Definition: | Linear detrending in hysteresis loop |
DA-NLNon-linear correction: Selkin's TRM correction
| Definition: | Non-linear correction: Selkin's TRM correction |
DA-NOUnknown correction
| Definition: | Unknown correction |
DA-VRMVRM correction
| Definition: | VRM correction |
DA-X-HOLDSusceptibility corrected for the sample holder
| Definition: | Susceptibility corrected for the sample holder |
DA-X-THERMOSusceptibility corrected for the thermocouple
| Definition: | Susceptibility corrected for the thermocouple |
Direction Estimation
28
DE-BFLBest fit line
| Definition: | Best fit line |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1130009.7 |
DE-BFL-ABest fit line: Linear regression anchored in the origin
| Definition: | Best fit line: Linear regression anchored in the origin |
DE-BFL-OBest fit line: Linear regression with origin included but not anchored in calculations
| Definition: | Best fit line: Linear regression with origin included but not anchored in calculations |
DE-BFPBest fit plane
| Definition: | Best fit plane |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1130009.7 |
DE-BFP-GBest fit plane: Great circle
| Definition: | Best fit plane: Great circle |
DE-BFP-SBest fit plane: Small circle
| Definition: | Best fit plane: Small circle |
DE-BLANKETDirection after a single demag
| Definition: | Direction after a single demag |
DE-BSBingham statistics
| Definition: | Bingham statistics |
DE-DIPole latitude and longitude calculation from mean declination-inclination
| Definition: | Pole latitude and longitude calculation from mean declination-inclination |
DE-FMFisher mean
| Definition: | Fisher mean |
DE-FM-LPFisher mean: Line and planes
| Definition: | Fisher mean: Line and planes |
DE-FM-UVFisher mean: Unit vectors
| Definition: | Fisher mean: Unit vectors |
DE-GRPGrouped flows: Direction is determined from multiple lava flows
| Definition: | Grouped flows: Direction is determined from multiple lava flows |
DE-KKappa estimation
| Definition: | Kappa estimation |
DE-K-FKappa estimation: McFadden's (1980) best estimate of Fisherian Kappa, given by Kf=(N-1)/(N-R), an unbiased estimate for 1/kappa
| Definition: | Kappa estimation: McFadden's (1980) best estimate of Fisherian Kappa, given by Kf=(N-1)/(N-R), an unbiased estimate for 1/kappa |
DE-K-MLKappa estimation: Maximum likelihood estimate of Fisherian Kappa, given by Kml=N/(N-R)
| Definition: | Kappa estimation: Maximum likelihood estimate of Fisherian Kappa, given by Kml=N/(N-R) |
DE-K-RATKappa estimation: Ratio of Kappa's from two different distributions
| Definition: | Kappa estimation: Ratio of Kappa's from two different distributions |
DE-K-UKappa estimation: Unbiased estimate of Fisherian Kappa, given by Ku=(N-2)/(N-R)
| Definition: | Kappa estimation: Unbiased estimate of Fisherian Kappa, given by Ku=(N-2)/(N-R) |
DE-MADMaximum angle of deviation
| Definition: | Maximum angle of deviation |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1130009.7 |
DE-MAD-LMaximum angle of deviation: Estimated about best-fit line
| Definition: | Maximum angle of deviation: Estimated about best-fit line |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1130009.7 |
DE-MAD-PMaximum angle of deviation: Estimated about best-fit plane
| Definition: | Maximum angle of deviation: Estimated about best-fit plane |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1130009.7 |
DE-NRMNRM used as the direction
| Definition: | NRM used as the direction |
DE-POLEGeneric paleomagnetic pole
| Definition: | Generic paleomagnetic pole |
DE-RANUses R to test for randomness of set of directions
| Definition: | Uses R to test for randomness of set of directions |
DE-TROUTThermal Resolution of Unblocking Temperatures (TROUT) method
| Definition: | Thermal Resolution of Unblocking Temperatures (TROUT) method |
| Description: | Direction estimation and automatic component picking using the TROUT method. With this method, the meas_step_min and meas_step_max columns represent the range of temperatures where 95% of the unblocking magnetization is in the considered component |
DE-VDefinition of parameter V for different sets of N & R directions
| Definition: | Definition of parameter V for different sets of N & R directions |
DE-VGPPole latitude and longitude calculation from mean VGP
| Definition: | Pole latitude and longitude calculation from mean VGP |
DE-VMVector mean, including magnitude of vector, rather than just Fisher mean unit vectors
| Definition: | Vector mean, including magnitude of vector, rather than just Fisher mean unit vectors |
Field Sampling
30
FS-ATSampled with adhesive tape
| Definition: | Sampled with adhesive tape |
FS-CCoring
| Definition: | Coring |
FS-C-BARRELCoring: Barrel coring
| Definition: | Coring: Barrel coring |
FS-C-BARREL-XCoring: Extended barrel coring
| Definition: | Coring: Extended barrel coring |
FS-C-BOXCoring: Box coring
| Definition: | Coring: Box coring |
FS-C-DRILLCoring: Drilling
| Definition: | Coring: Drilling |
FS-C-DRILL-DSDPCoring: DSDP drilling
| Definition: | Coring: DSDP drilling |
FS-C-DRILL-IODPCoring: IODP drilling
| Definition: | Coring: IODP drilling |
FS-C-DRILL-ODPCoring: ODP drilling
| Definition: | Coring: ODP drilling |
FS-C-FREEZECoring: Freeze coring
| Definition: | Coring: Freeze coring |
FS-C-GRAVCoring: Gravity coring
| Definition: | Coring: Gravity coring |
FS-C-MULTICoring: Multi coring
| Definition: | Coring: Multi coring |
FS-C-PISTONCoring: Piston coring
| Definition: | Coring: Piston coring |
FS-C-PISTON-ACoring: Advanced piston coring
| Definition: | Coring: Advanced piston coring |
FS-C-PISTON-FCoring: Half-length advanced piston coring
| Definition: | Coring: Half-length advanced piston coring |
FS-C-PISTON-HCoring: Hydraulic piston coring
| Definition: | Coring: Hydraulic piston coring |
FS-C-PUSHCoring: Push coring
| Definition: | Coring: Push coring |
FS-C-ROTCoring: Rotary coring
| Definition: | Coring: Rotary coring |
FS-C-VIBRACoring: Vibra coring
| Definition: | Coring: Vibra coring |
FS-C-WAXCoring: Wax coring
| Definition: | Coring: Wax coring |
FS-DDredging
| Definition: | Dredging |
FS-FDField drilling using a hand-held portable drill
| Definition: | Field drilling using a hand-held portable drill |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1040011 |
FS-HHand sampling
| Definition: | Hand sampling |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1040022 |
FS-LOC-GISLocation determination: Digitization of latitude and longitudes using GIS tools
| Definition: | Location determination: Digitization of latitude and longitudes using GIS tools |
FS-LOC-GOOGLELocation determination: Digitization of latitude and longitudes using Google Maps or Earth
| Definition: | Location determination: Digitization of latitude and longitudes using Google Maps or Earth |
FS-LOC-GPSLocation determination: Latitude and longitude by GPS measurement
| Definition: | Location determination: Latitude and longitude by GPS measurement |
FS-LOC-MAPLocation determination: Digitization of latitude and longitudes from map
| Definition: | Location determination: Digitization of latitude and longitudes from map |
FS-LOC-UTMLocation determination: Latitude and longitude converted from UTM coordinates
| Definition: | Location determination: Latitude and longitude converted from UTM coordinates |
FS-SS-CSubsampling: Cubed subsample of core
| Definition: | Subsampling: Cubed subsample of core |
FS-SYNSynthetic material: No field sampling
| Definition: | Synthetic material: No field sampling |
Geochronology Method
147
GM-ALPHAAge determination by using alpha counting
| Definition: | Age determination by using alpha counting |
GM-ARAR40Ar/39Ar age determination
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination |
GM-ARAR-AP40Ar/39Ar age determination: Age plateau
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Age plateau |
GM-ARAR-II40Ar/39Ar age determination: Inverse isochron
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Inverse isochron |
GM-ARAR-IS40Ar/39Ar age determination: Insitu spot age using laser system
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Insitu spot age using laser system |
GM-ARAR-NI40Ar/39Ar age determination: Normal isochron
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Normal isochron |
GM-ARAR-SC40Ar/39Ar age determination: Single crystal age
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Single crystal age |
GM-ARAR-SC-1040Ar/39Ar age determination: Average age based on less than 10 single crystal ages
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Average age based on less than 10 single crystal ages |
GM-ARAR-SC-105040Ar/39Ar age determination: Average age based on 10 to 50 single crystal ages
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Average age based on 10 to 50 single crystal ages |
GM-ARAR-SC-5040Ar/39Ar age determination: Average age based on more than 50 single crystal ages
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Average age based on more than 50 single crystal ages |
GM-ARAR-TF40Ar/39Ar age determination: Total fusion or recombined age
| Definition: | 40Ar/39Ar age determination: Total fusion or recombined age |
GM-C14Radiocarbon age determination
| Definition: | Radiocarbon age determination |
GM-C14-AMSRadiocarbon age determination: AMS
| Definition: | Radiocarbon age determination: AMS |
GM-C14-BETARadiocarbon age determination: Beta decay counting
| Definition: | Radiocarbon age determination: Beta decay counting |
GM-C14-CALRadiocarbon age determination: Calibrated
| Definition: | Radiocarbon age determination: Calibrated |
GM-C14-UNCALRadiocarbon age determination: Uncalibrated
| Definition: | Radiocarbon age determination: Uncalibrated |
GM-CCCorrelation chronology - Age determined from a property of the site correlated to a known timescale.
| Definition: | Correlation chronology - Age determined from a property of the site correlated to a known timescale. |
GM-CC-ARCHCorrelation chronology: Archeology - Age determined by pottery style, flint knapping style, etc.
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Archeology - Age determined by pottery style, flint knapping style, etc. |
GM-CC-ARMCorrelation chronology: ARM
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: ARM |
GM-CC-ASTROCorrelation chronology: Astronomical
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Astronomical |
GM-CC-CACO3Correlation chronology: Calcium carbonate
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Calcium carbonate |
GM-CC-COLORCorrelation chronology: Color or reflectance
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Color or reflectance |
GM-CC-GRAPECorrelation chronology: Gamma Ray Polarimeter Experiment
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Gamma Ray Polarimeter Experiment |
GM-CC-IRMCorrelation chronology: IRM
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: IRM |
GM-CC-ISOCorrelation chronology: Stable isotopes
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Stable isotopes |
GM-CC-RELCorrelation chronology: Relative chronology other than stratigraphic successions
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Relative chronology other than stratigraphic successions |
| Description: | Relative dating by cross-cutting relationships in the field. This method code should not be used instead of GM-STRAT if dealing with a stratigraphic succession. |
GM-CC-SCorrelation chronology: Ratio of the low field and saturation IRM
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Ratio of the low field and saturation IRM |
GM-CC-STRATCorrelation chronology: Stratigraphic succession
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Stratigraphic succession |
GM-CC-TECTCorrelation chronology: Tectites and microtectites
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Tectites and microtectites |
GM-CC-TEPHCorrelation chronology: Tephrochronology
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Tephrochronology |
GM-CC-XCorrelation chronology: Susceptibility
| Definition: | Correlation chronology: Susceptibility |
GM-CHEMChemical chronology
| Definition: | Chemical chronology |
GM-CHEM-AARChemical chronology: Amino acid racemization
| Definition: | Chemical chronology: Amino acid racemization |
GM-CHEM-OHChemical chronology: Obsidian hydration
| Definition: | Chemical chronology: Obsidian hydration |
GM-CHEM-SCChemical chronology: Stoan coatings CaCO3
| Definition: | Chemical chronology: Stoan coatings CaCO3 |
GM-CHEM-THChemical chronology: Tephra hydration
| Definition: | Chemical chronology: Tephra hydration |
GM-COSMOCosmogenic age determination
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination |
GM-COSMO-AL26Cosmogenic age determination: 26Al
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 26Al |
GM-COSMO-AR39Cosmogenic age determination: 39Ar
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 39Ar |
GM-COSMO-BE10Cosmogenic age determination: 10Be
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 10Be |
GM-COSMO-C14Cosmogenic age determination: 14C
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 14C |
GM-COSMO-CL36Cosmogenic age determination: 36Cl
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 36Cl |
GM-COSMO-HE3Cosmogenic age determination: 3He
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 3He |
GM-COSMO-KR81Cosmogenic age determination: 81Kr
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 81Kr |
GM-COSMO-NE21Cosmogenic age determination: 21Ne
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 21Ne |
GM-COSMO-NI59Cosmogenic age determination: 59Ni
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 59Ni |
GM-COSMO-SI32Cosmogenic age determination: 32Si
| Definition: | Cosmogenic age determination: 32Si |
GM-CS137Radioactive decay of Caesium-137 to Barium-137
| Definition: | Radioactive decay of Caesium-137 to Barium-137 |
GM-DENDRODendrochronology
| Definition: | Dendrochronology |
GM-ESRElectron Spin Resonance
| Definition: | Electron Spin Resonance |
GM-FOSSILAge determined from fossil record
| Definition: | Age determined from fossil record |
GM-FTFission track age determination
| Definition: | Fission track age determination |
GM-HE3Helium three surface exposure age
| Definition: | Helium three surface exposure age |
GM-HISTHistorically recorded event
| Definition: | Historically recorded event |
GM-HIST-STAMPYear determined by a date found on the object dated. Eg. Brick fired with an known age stamp
| Definition: | Year determined by a date found on the object dated. Eg. Brick fired with an known age stamp |
GM-INTAge determination through interpolation between at least two geological units of known age
| Definition: | Age determination through interpolation between at least two geological units of known age |
GM-INT-LAge determination through interpolation between at least two geological units of known age: Linear
| Definition: | Age determination through interpolation between at least two geological units of known age: Linear |
GM-INT-SAge determination through interpolation between at least two geological units of known age: Cubic spline
| Definition: | Age determination through interpolation between at least two geological units of known age: Cubic spline |
GM-ISOAge determined by isotopic dating, but no further details available
| Definition: | Age determined by isotopic dating, but no further details available |
GM-KAR40K-40Ar age determination
| Definition: | 40K-40Ar age determination |
GM-KAR-C40K-40Ar age determination: Cassignol method
| Definition: | 40K-40Ar age determination: Cassignol method |
GM-KAR-I40K-40Ar age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 40K-40Ar age determination: Isochron |
GM-KAR-MA40K-40Ar age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 40K-40Ar age determination: Model age |
GM-KCA40K-40Ca age determination
| Definition: | 40K-40Ca age determination |
GM-KCA-I40K-40Ca age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 40K-40Ca age determination: Isochron |
GM-KCA-MA40K-40Ca age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 40K-40Ca age determination: Model age |
GM-LABA138La-138Ba age determination
| Definition: | 138La-138Ba age determination |
GM-LABA-I138La-138Ba age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 138La-138Ba age determination: Isochron |
GM-LABA-MA138La-138Ba age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 138La-138Ba age determination: Model age |
GM-LACE138La-138Ce age determination
| Definition: | 138La-138Ce age determination |
GM-LACE-I138La-138Ce age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 138La-138Ce age determination: Isochron |
GM-LACE-MA138La-138Ce age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 138La-138Ce age determination: Model age |
GM-LICHELichenometry
| Definition: | Lichenometry |
GM-LUHF176Lu-176Hf age determination
| Definition: | 176Lu-176Hf age determination |
GM-LUHF-I176Lu-176Hf age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 176Lu-176Hf age determination: Isochron |
GM-LUHF-MA176Lu-176Hf age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 176Lu-176Hf age determination: Model age |
GM-LUMLuminescence
| Definition: | Luminescence |
GM-LUM-IRSLuminescence: Infrared stimulated luminescence
| Definition: | Luminescence: Infrared stimulated luminescence |
GM-LUM-OSLuminescence: Optically stimulated luminescence
| Definition: | Luminescence: Optically stimulated luminescence |
GM-LUM-THLuminescence: Thermoluminescence
| Definition: | Luminescence: Thermoluminescence |
GM-MODModel curve fit to available age dates
| Definition: | Model curve fit to available age dates |
GM-MOD-LModel curve fit to available age dates: Linear
| Definition: | Model curve fit to available age dates: Linear |
GM-MOD-SModel curve fit to available age dates: Cubic spline
| Definition: | Model curve fit to available age dates: Cubic spline |
GM-MORPHGeomorphic chronology
| Definition: | Geomorphic chronology |
GM-MORPH-DEFGeomorphic chronology: Rate of deformation
| Definition: | Geomorphic chronology: Rate of deformation |
GM-MORPH-DEPGeomorphic chronology: Rate of deposition
| Definition: | Geomorphic chronology: Rate of deposition |
GM-MORPH-POSGeomorphic chronology: Geomorphology position
| Definition: | Geomorphic chronology: Geomorphology position |
GM-MORPH-WEATHGeomorphic chronology: Rock and mineral weathering
| Definition: | Geomorphic chronology: Rock and mineral weathering |
GM-NOGeochronology method not specified
| Definition: | Geochronology method not specified |
GM-O18Oxygen isotope dating
| Definition: | Oxygen isotope dating |
GM-PADate determined by pollen analysis
| Definition: | Date determined by pollen analysis |
GM-PBPB207Pb-206Pb age determination
| Definition: | 207Pb-206Pb age determination |
GM-PBPB-C207Pb-206Pb age determination: Common Pb
| Definition: | 207Pb-206Pb age determination: Common Pb |
GM-PBPB-I207Pb-206Pb age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 207Pb-206Pb age determination: Isochron |
GM-PLEOPleochroic haloes
| Definition: | Pleochroic haloes |
GM-PMAG-ANOMPaleomagnetic age determination: Magnetic anomaly identification
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Magnetic anomaly identification |
GM-PMAG-APWPPaleomagnetic age determination: Comparing paleomagnetic data to APWP
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Comparing paleomagnetic data to APWP |
GM-PMAG-ARCHPaleomagnetic age determination: Archeomagnetism
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Archeomagnetism |
GM-PMAG-DIRPaleomagnetic age determination: Directions
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Directions |
GM-PMAG-POLPaleomagnetic age determination: Polarities
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Polarities |
GM-PMAG-REGSVPaleomagnetic age determination: Correlation to a regional secular variation curve
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Correlation to a regional secular variation curve |
GM-PMAG-REGSV-SPaleomagnetic age determination: Correlation to a regional secular variation curve determined in part by other GM-PMAG-REGSV-S samples. See DuBois (2008).
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Correlation to a regional secular variation curve determined in part by other GM-PMAG-REGSV-S samples. See DuBois (2008). |
GM-PMAG-RPIPaleomagnetic age determination: Relative paleointensity
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Relative paleointensity |
GM-PMAG-VECPaleomagnetic age determination: Full vector
| Definition: | Paleomagnetic age determination: Full vector |
GM-RATH226Ra-230Th age determination
| Definition: | 226Ra-230Th age determination |
GM-RBSR87Rb-87Sr age determination
| Definition: | 87Rb-87Sr age determination |
GM-RBSR-I87Rb-87Sr age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 87Rb-87Sr age determination: Isochron |
GM-RBSR-MA87Rb-87Sr age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 87Rb-87Sr age determination: Model age |
GM-REOS187Re-187Os age determination
| Definition: | 187Re-187Os age determination |
GM-REOS-I187Re-187Os age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 187Re-187Os age determination: Isochron |
GM-REOS-MA187Re-187Os age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 187Re-187Os age determination: Model age |
GM-REOS-PT187Re-187Os age determination: Pt normalization of 186Os
| Definition: | 187Re-187Os age determination: Pt normalization of 186Os |
GM-SCLEROScrelochronology
| Definition: | Screlochronology |
GM-SHRIMPSHRIMP age dating
| Definition: | SHRIMP age dating |
GM-SMND147Sm-143Nd age determination
| Definition: | 147Sm-143Nd age determination |
GM-SMND-I147Sm-143Nd age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 147Sm-143Nd age determination: Isochron |
GM-SMND-MA147Sm-143Nd age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 147Sm-143Nd age determination: Model age |
GM-THPB232Th-208Pb age determination
| Definition: | 232Th-208Pb age determination |
GM-THPB-I232Th-208Pb age determination: Isochron
| Definition: | 232Th-208Pb age determination: Isochron |
GM-THPB-MA232Th-208Pb age determination: Model age
| Definition: | 232Th-208Pb age determination: Model age |
GM-UPA235U-231Pa age determination
| Definition: | 235U-231Pa age determination |
GM-UPBU-Pb age determination
| Definition: | U-Pb age determination |
GM-UPB-CCU-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram age
| Definition: | U-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram age |
GM-UPB-CC-T0U-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram age, upper intersection
| Definition: | U-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram age, upper intersection |
GM-UPB-CC-T1U-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram age, lower intersection
| Definition: | U-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram age, lower intersection |
GM-UPB-I-206U-Pb age determination: 238U-206Pb isochron
| Definition: | U-Pb age determination: 238U-206Pb isochron |
GM-UPB-I-207U-Pb age determination: 235U-207Pb isochron
| Definition: | U-Pb age determination: 235U-207Pb isochron |
GM-UPB-MA-206U-Pb age determination: 238U-206Pb model age
| Definition: | U-Pb age determination: 238U-206Pb model age |
GM-UPB-MA-207U-Pb age determination: 235U-207Pb model age
| Definition: | U-Pb age determination: 235U-207Pb model age |
GM-USDUranium series disequilibrium age determination
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination |
GM-USD-PA231-TH230Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 231Pa-230Th
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 231Pa-230Th |
GM-USD-PA231-U235Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 231Pa-235U
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 231Pa-235U |
GM-USD-PB210Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 210Pb
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 210Pb |
GM-USD-RA226-TH230Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 226Ra-230Th
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 226Ra-230Th |
GM-USD-RA228-TH232Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 228Ra-232Th
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 228Ra-232Th |
GM-USD-TH228-TH232Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 228Th-232Th
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 228Th-232Th |
GM-USD-TH230Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 230Th
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 230Th |
| Description: | Ionium dating in deep sea sediments. |
GM-USD-TH230-TH232Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 230Th-232Th
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 230Th-232Th |
GM-USD-TH230-U234Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 230Th-234U
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 230Th-234U |
GM-USD-TH230-U238Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 230Th-238U
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 230Th-238U |
GM-USD-U234-U238Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 234U-238U
| Definition: | Uranium series disequilibrium age determination: 234U-238U |
GM-UTH238U-230Th age determination
| Definition: | 238U-230Th age determination |
GM-UTHHEU-Th-He age determination
| Definition: | U-Th-He age determination |
GM-UTHPBU-Th-Pb age determination
| Definition: | U-Th-Pb age determination |
GM-UTHPB-CC-T0U-Th-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram intersection age, upper intercept
| Definition: | U-Th-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram intersection age, upper intercept |
GM-UTHPB-CC-T1U-Th-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram intersection age, lower intercept
| Definition: | U-Th-Pb age determination: Concordia diagram intersection age, lower intercept |
GM-VARVEAge determined by varve counting
| Definition: | Age determined by varve counting |
Geoid
28
GE-ALASKA94
GE-CARIB97
GE-DEFLEC105
GE-EGM360
GE-G96SSS
GE-G99BM
GE-G99SSS
GE-GEOID03
GE-GEOID06
GE-GEOID09
GE-GEOID12
GE-GEOID12A
GE-GEOID12B
GE-GEOID90
GE-GEOID93C
GE-GEOID93E
GE-GEOID93W
GE-GEOID96
GE-GEOID99
GE-HAW93
GE-MEXICO97
GE-NAD27
GE-NAD83
GE-PRVI93
GE-USGG2003
GE-USGG2009
GE-USGG2012
GE-WGS84
Intensity Estimation
19
IE-AFAFBest-fit slope through NRM AF demagnetization versus TRM AF demagnetization
| Definition: | Best-fit slope through NRM AF demagnetization versus TRM AF demagnetization |
| Description: | Like the Shaw (1974) method but without the ARM AF demag steps that are used to check for alteration. |
IE-BB0Intensity normalized by GAD field at sampling location using 8x10^22 Am2 axial dipole moment
| Definition: | Intensity normalized by GAD field at sampling location using 8x10^22 Am2 axial dipole moment |
IE-BETAStandard error of the paleointensity estimated by total least squares (York, 1969) as the slope of the Arai Plot
| Definition: | Standard error of the paleointensity estimated by total least squares (York, 1969) as the slope of the Arai Plot |
IE-BICEPBias Corrected Estimation of Paleointensity (BiCEP)
| Definition: | Bias Corrected Estimation of Paleointensity (BiCEP) |
| Description: | Bayesian paleointensity estimator of Cych et al. (in prep). |
IE-BOOTThellier-type intensity and uncertainty estimated by bootstrap resampling of data
| Definition: | Thellier-type intensity and uncertainty estimated by bootstrap resampling of data |
| Description: | Specimen level paleointensity and uncertainty determined by averaging all combinations of 4 or more adjacent points within unblocking temperature interval; Sample level paleointensity and standard error estimated by bootstrap resampling of specimen data. |
IE-BZF-WKMultidomain correction based on the back-zero-forth (BZF) and mutiple synthetic Arai signatures
| Definition: | Multidomain correction based on the back-zero-forth (BZF) and mutiple synthetic Arai signatures |
| Description: | A paleointensity technique used to account for concave-up Arai diagrams due to multidomain (MD) contributions to determine unbiased paleointensities. A comprehensive back-zero-forth (BZF) heating technique is used in addition to zero-field heating between the Thellier two opposite in-field heating steps in order to estimate paleointensities in various standard protocols and provide internal self-consistency checks. After the first BZF experiment, each sample gets total thermal remanent magnetization (tTRM) by cooling from the Curie point in the presence of a low (15 mT) laboratory- applied field. Then the BZF protocol, with the laboratory-applied tTRM as a synthetic natural remanent magnetization (NRM), using the same laboratory-applied field and temperature steps to obtain the synthetic Arai signatures, which should only represent the domain-state dependent properties of the samples. Then the original Arai diagrams are corrected from the first BZF experiment by using the Arai signatures from the repeated BZF experiment, which neutralizes the typical MD concave-up effect. Wang & Kent (2013). |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20248 |
IE-DRATpTRM difference ratio (DRAT)
| Definition: | pTRM difference ratio (DRAT) |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-244017x7 |
IE-DRATSpTRM difference ratio sum (DRATS)
| Definition: | pTRM difference ratio sum (DRATS) |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-244017x7 |
IE-FFraction of NRM component (Coe's F number)
| Definition: | Fraction of NRM component (Coe's F number) |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-244013x5 |
IE-FVDSFraction of vector difference sum of NRM components
| Definition: | Fraction of vector difference sum of NRM components |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-2440012 |
IE-MLATPaleo-latitude
| Definition: | Paleo-latitude |
IE-MLAT-CPPPaleo-latitude derived from site age and a contemporaneous pole position or APWP
| Definition: | Paleo-latitude derived from site age and a contemporaneous pole position or APWP |
IE-MLAT-PRPaleo-latitude derived from site age and plate reconstruction model
| Definition: | Paleo-latitude derived from site age and plate reconstruction model |
IE-MRMean of the ratio (TRM/NRM) obtained for different temperature steps
| Definition: | Mean of the ratio (TRM/NRM) obtained for different temperature steps |
IE-RRatio of total TRM to NRM
| Definition: | Ratio of total TRM to NRM |
IE-SHBest-fit slope through Shaw data
| Definition: | Best-fit slope through Shaw data |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1974.tb05443.x |
IE-TTBest-fit slope through TT data
| Definition: | Best-fit slope through TT data |
IE-TTRMUsing total TRM
| Definition: | Using total TRM |
IE-WINWindowed relative intensities
| Definition: | Windowed relative intensities |
Lab Protocol
138
LP-AFAlternating field demagnetization
| Definition: | Alternating field demagnetization |
LP-ANAnisotropy measurement
| Definition: | Anisotropy measurement |
LP-AN-ARMAnisotropy measurement: ARM acquisition
| Definition: | Anisotropy measurement: ARM acquisition |
| Description: | Measure of anisotropy of anhysteretic susceptibility (AAS) via ARM acquisition (AARM). A fully demagnetized specimen is subject to ARM in three to fifteen (tensor) directions while being demagnetized after each of the ARM steps in the direction of the next ARM. |
LP-AN-DCAnisotropy measurement: ARM acquisition with a DC field
| Definition: | Anisotropy measurement: ARM acquisition with a DC field |
| Description: | anisotropy of anhysteretic remanence where the DC bias field was applied from a maximum alternating field to 0 mT. |
LP-AN-DCPAnisotropy measurement: ARM acquisition with a DC field for part of the acquisition
| Definition: | Anisotropy measurement: ARM acquisition with a DC field for part of the acquisition |
| Description: | Anisotropy measurement: Anisotropy of anhysteretic remanence where the DC bias field was applied from a maximum alternating field to a minimum alternating field, where the minimum AF is > 0 mT. |
LP-AN-IRMAnisotropy measurement: IRM acquisition
| Definition: | Anisotropy measurement: IRM acquisition |
LP-AN-MSAnisotropy measurement: Magnetic susceptibility
| Definition: | Anisotropy measurement: Magnetic susceptibility |
| Description: | Susceptibility measured in multiple positions to determine susceptibility tensor. |
LP-AN-TRMAnisotropy measurement: TRM acquisition
| Definition: | Anisotropy measurement: TRM acquisition |
LP-ARMARM Acquisition
| Definition: | ARM Acquisition |
LP-ARM-PPartial ARM Acquisition
| Definition: | Partial ARM Acquisition |
LP-ARM-AFDARM Acquisition: AF demagnetization
| Definition: | ARM Acquisition: AF demagnetization |
LP-BCRCoercivity of remanence
| Definition: | Coercivity of remanence |
LP-BCR-BFCoercivity of remanence: Back field method
| Definition: | Coercivity of remanence: Back field method |
| Description: | Application of progressively larger DC fields to an sIRM to determine the field required to reduce it to zero. |
LP-BCR-CADCoercivity of remanence: Crossing of ascending / descending loops
| Definition: | Coercivity of remanence: Crossing of ascending / descending loops |
| Description: | Field at which ascending loop (after subtraction of Mr) crosses the descending loop. |
LP-BCR-HDMCoercivity of remanence: Half delta M
| Definition: | Coercivity of remanence: Half delta M |
| Description: | Field at which difference between ascending and descending hysteresis loops is half the magnitude of the zero field crossings. |
LP-CAExperiment in controlled atmosphere
| Definition: | Experiment in controlled atmosphere |
LP-CA-AIRExperiment in controlled atmosphere: Air
| Definition: | Experiment in controlled atmosphere: Air |
LP-CA-ARExperiment in controlled atmosphere: Argon
| Definition: | Experiment in controlled atmosphere: Argon |
LP-CA-CO2Experiment in controlled atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide
| Definition: | Experiment in controlled atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide |
LP-CA-HEExperiment in controlled atmosphere: Helium
| Definition: | Experiment in controlled atmosphere: Helium |
LP-CA-NExperiment in controlled atmosphere: Nitrogen
| Definition: | Experiment in controlled atmosphere: Nitrogen |
LP-CA-VACExperiment in controlled atmosphere: Under vacuum
| Definition: | Experiment in controlled atmosphere: Under vacuum |
LP-CA-UNKExperiment in controlled atmosphere: Not specified
| Definition: | Experiment in controlled atmosphere: Not specified |
LP-CR-TRMSets of TRMs acquired with different cooling rates
| Definition: | Sets of TRMs acquired with different cooling rates |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1180067 |
LP-CW-NRMCycling between cooling and warming: Room temperature NRM
| Definition: | Cycling between cooling and warming: Room temperature NRM |
| Description: | Variable temperature measurement sequence (e.g. in QD-MPMS) with magnetization measurements while cooling and rewarming. |
LP-CW-SIRMCycling between cooling and warming: Room temperature SIRM
| Definition: | Cycling between cooling and warming: Room temperature SIRM |
| Description: | Variable temperature measurement sequence (e.g. in QD-MPMS) with magnetization measurements while cooling and rewarming. |
LP-DC0No demagnetization carried out but only NRM values reported
| Definition: | No demagnetization carried out but only NRM values reported |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1970341 |
LP-DC1Pilot demagnetizations on some samples suggest stability but only NRM values reported
| Definition: | Pilot demagnetizations on some samples suggest stability but only NRM values reported |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1970341 |
LP-DC2Bulk demagnetization carried out on all samples but no vector diagrams shown
| Definition: | Bulk demagnetization carried out on all samples but no vector diagrams shown |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1970341 |
LP-DC3Vector diagrams or stereoplots with M/Mo justify demagnetization procedures used
| Definition: | Vector diagrams or stereoplots with M/Mo justify demagnetization procedures used |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1970341 |
LP-DC4Principal component analysis carried out from analysis of Zijderveld diagrams
| Definition: | Principal component analysis carried out from analysis of Zijderveld diagrams |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1970341 |
LP-DC5Magnetic vectors isolated using two or more demagnetization methods with principle component analysis
| Definition: | Magnetic vectors isolated using two or more demagnetization methods with principle component analysis |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1970341 |
LP-DIRDirectional data
| Definition: | Directional data |
LP-DIR-AFDirectional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization
| Definition: | Directional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization |
LP-DIR-AF-DDirectional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization, Double
| Definition: | Directional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization, Double |
LP-DIR-AF-GDirectional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization, Triple
| Definition: | Directional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization, Triple |
LP-DIR-AFTDirectional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization and then step-wise thermal demagnetization
| Definition: | Directional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization and then step-wise thermal demagnetization |
LP-DIR-CHEMDirectional data: Step-wise chemical demagnetization
| Definition: | Directional data: Step-wise chemical demagnetization |
LP-DIR-MDirectional data: Step-wise microwave demagnetization
| Definition: | Directional data: Step-wise microwave demagnetization |
LP-DIR-TDirectional data: Step-wise thermal demagnetization
| Definition: | Directional data: Step-wise thermal demagnetization |
LP-DM-NRMDemagnetization: Room temperature NRM
| Definition: | Demagnetization: Room temperature NRM |
| Description: | Measurement of sample NRM on squid or spinner magnetometer, cooling in liquid nitrogen bath, rewarming in zero field and then re-measuring at room temperature. |
LP-DM-SIRMDemagnetization: Room temperature SIRM
| Definition: | Demagnetization: Room temperature SIRM |
| Description: | Measurement of sample SIRM on squid or spinner magnetometer, cooling in liquid nitrogen bath, rewarming in zero field and then re-measuring at room temperature. |
LP-FCField cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming
| Definition: | Field cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming |
LP-FC-IMField cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming
| Definition: | Field cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming |
LP-FORCFirst order reversal curves or FORC analysis
| Definition: | First order reversal curves or FORC analysis |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-510005.4 |
LP-HCHalf core measurements
| Definition: | Half core measurements |
LP-HYSHysteresis loops
| Definition: | Hysteresis loops |
LP-HYS-MHysteresis loops: Minor loops
| Definition: | Hysteresis loops: Minor loops |
| References: | 98056 |
LP-HYS-OHysteresis loops: As a function of orientation
| Definition: | Hysteresis loops: As a function of orientation |
LP-HYS-THysteresis loops: As a function of temperature
| Definition: | Hysteresis loops: As a function of temperature |
LP-IMAGInitial magnetization curves
| Definition: | Initial magnetization curves |
LP-IMTInduced magnetization as a function of temperature
| Definition: | Induced magnetization as a function of temperature |
LP-IRMIRM acquisition
| Definition: | IRM acquisition |
| Description: | After demagnetization a specimen is subject to successively increasing fields, acquiring partial IRMs until saturation is reached (SIRM). Remanence is measured at each step to provide the IRM acquisition curve. |
LP-IRM-3DIRM acquisition: Thermal demagnetization of 3-axis IRM
| Definition: | IRM acquisition: Thermal demagnetization of 3-axis IRM |
| Description: | IRM is applied to the specimen along three orthogonal axes at different field strengths (e.g. 5T, 0.4T, 0.12T). Then the specimen is thermally demagnetized and the magnitude along the orthogonal axis (X1,X2,X3) versus temperature is plotted. |
LP-IRM-AFDIRM acquisition: AF demagnetization
| Definition: | IRM acquisition: AF demagnetization |
LP-IRM-DCDIRM acquisition: DC demagnetization
| Definition: | IRM acquisition: DC demagnetization |
| Description: | DC field is applied to remove IRM. The specimen is then exposed to increasing strengths of the reverse field until the remanence reduces to zero at Bcr. The IRMs are then plotted versus applied field producing the acquisition/removal curves. |
LP-LTLab protocol involving low temperature treatments
| Definition: | Lab protocol involving low temperature treatments |
LP-MASSMeasured the mass of the specimen
| Definition: | Measured the mass of the specimen |
LP-MCMeasured while cooling
| Definition: | Measured while cooling |
LP-MC-IMeasured while cooling: In laboratory field
| Definition: | Measured while cooling: In laboratory field |
LP-MC-ZMeasured while cooling: In zero field
| Definition: | Measured while cooling: In zero field |
LP-MRMMRM acquisition: Microwave induced TRM
| Definition: | MRM acquisition: Microwave induced TRM |
LP-MRTRemanent magnetization as a function of temperature
| Definition: | Remanent magnetization as a function of temperature |
LP-MSTSaturation magnetization as a function of temperature
| Definition: | Saturation magnetization as a function of temperature |
LP-MWMeasured while warming
| Definition: | Measured while warming |
LP-MW-IMeasured while warming: In laboratory field
| Definition: | Measured while warming: In laboratory field |
LP-MW-ZMeasured while warming: In zero field
| Definition: | Measured while warming: In zero field |
LP-NOMAGMagnetization is not defined. No volume or mass given. (LEGACY DATA ONLY)
| Definition: | Magnetization is not defined. No volume or mass given. (LEGACY DATA ONLY) |
LP-NONo demagnetization done. The NRM measurement
| Definition: | No demagnetization done. The NRM measurement |
LP-NONENo measurements performed
| Definition: | No measurements performed |
LP-PFCPartial field cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming
| Definition: | Partial field cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming |
LP-PFC-IMPartial field cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming
| Definition: | Partial field cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming |
LP-PIPaleointensity experiment
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment |
| Description: | Minimal paleointensity method code, further information, about the basic method, alteration checks, and reciprocity checks can be specified using additional LP-PI codes described below. |
LP-PI-AFAFPaleointensity experiment: AF demag of the NRM followed by AF demag of a TRM
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: AF demag of the NRM followed by AF demag of a TRM |
| Description: | This paleointensity method uses the Shaw (1974) method but without the two ARM demagnetiztion procedures that might indicate the rock has been altered by heating. |
LP-PI-ALTPaleointensity experiment: Alteration check
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check |
| Description: | This code is used to indicate that some kind of check was used to detect alteration of the sample during the course of the paleointensity experiments. More details can be specified using the supplemental codes described below. |
LP-PI-ALT-AFARMPaleointensity experiment: Alteration check using AF demagnetization of ARM
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using AF demagnetization of ARM |
| Description: | A method to detect alteration that uses AF demagnetization of an ARM, before and after heating to impart TRM. Changes in the ARM coercivity spectrum indicate alteration. |
LP-PI-ALT-AFTRMPaleointensity experiment: Alteration check using AF coercivity spectrum before and after TRM acquisition
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using AF coercivity spectrum before and after TRM acquisition |
| Description: | Check that AF coercivity spectrum does not change during paleointensity experiment. |
LP-PI-ALT-PMRMPaleointensity experiment: Alteration check using a partial microwave induced TRM check
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using a partial microwave induced TRM check |
| Description: | This is a check for reproducibility of pTRM acquisition at a specific temperature. During a Thellier-type paleointensity experiment, the specimen is reheated to a lower temperature and cooled in the laboratory field, thus reapplying a pTRM. |
LP-PI-ALT-PTRMPaleointensity experiment: Alteration check using a pTRM check
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using a pTRM check |
| Description: | This is a check for reproducibility of pTRM acquisition at a specific temperature. During a Thellier-type paleointensity experiment, the specimen is reheated to a lower temperature and cooled in the laboratory field, thus reapplying a pTRM. Coe (1967) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ072I012P03247 |
LP-PI-ALT-SUSCPaleointensity experiment: Alteration check using specimen susceptibility that does not change after successive heatings
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using specimen susceptibility that does not change after successive heatings |
LP-PI-ALT-TANGUYPaleointensity experiment: Alteration check of Tanguy (1975)
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check of Tanguy (1975) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(75)90043-6 |
LP-PI-ALT-WALTONPaleointensity experiment: Alteration check of Walton (1984)
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check of Walton (1984) |
| References: | https://doi:10.1038/310740a0 |
LP-PI-ARMPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory ARM to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory ARM to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation |
| Description: | Relative Paleointensity method. Any paleointensity experiment in which a laboratory ARM is used to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation, as suggested by Levi and Banerjee (1976) or the more detailed pseudo-Thellier experiments of Tauxe et al . (1995). |
LP-PI-BTPaleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check |
| Description: | Reciprocity checks are used to determine whether the blocking and unblocking process is the same at a given temperature during a Thellier-type experiment. This is considered an indicator of the types of grains (single or multidomain) present in the specimen. |
LP-PI-BT-BZFPaleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using an in-field back step, a zero-field step, and an in-field forward step
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using an in-field back step, a zero-field step, and an in-field forward step |
| Description: | A comprehensive back-zero-forth(BZF) heating technique adds an additional zero-field heating between the Thellier two opposite in-field heating steps in order to estimate paleointensities in various standard protocols and provide internalself-consistency checks. Wang And Kent. (2013) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20248 |
LP-PI-BT-IZZIPaleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using an in-field step, followed by two zero-field steps, followed by an in-field step
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using an in-field step, followed by two zero-field steps, followed by an in-field step |
| Description: | Heating to a specific temperature to remove NRM and then cooling in a known magnetic field to induce TRM. Followed by heating to the same or lower temperature step and then cooling in zero ambient magnetic field. Then another zero field step followed an in-field step. Yu et al. (2004) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000630 |
LP-PI-BT-MDPaleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using an attempted removal of a previously placed pTRM
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using an attempted removal of a previously placed pTRM |
| Description: | A check carried out during Thellier-type procedures to detect multidomain grains. Additional zero field heating steps are used to remove a previously placed pTRM. The ability to remove a prior pTRM step at the same temperature imparted is used as an indicator of reversal. |
LP-PI-CHEMPaleointensity experiment using chemical demagnetization
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment using chemical demagnetization |
LP-PI-IIPaleointensity experiment: Original Thellier-Thellier method
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Original Thellier-Thellier method |
| Description: | Paleointensity determined with in-field and in-field steps. Analogous to LP-PI-IZ (infield, zero field) and LP-PI-ZI (zero field, infield). Thellier, E. and O. Thellier, Sur l'intensite du champ magnetique terrestre dans le passe historique et geologique, Ann. Geophys., 15, 285-376, 1959. |
LP-PI-IRMPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory IRM to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory IRM to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation |
| Description: | Use of a laboratory IRM to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation. |
LP-PI-IZPaleointensity experiment: In-field and zero-field pair of steps
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: In-field and zero-field pair of steps |
LP-PI-MPaleointensity experiment: Microwave demagnetization
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Microwave demagnetization |
| Description: | Use of microwave radiation as the energy source to unblock NRM and/or for in-field remanence acquisition. |
LP-PI-M-IIPaleointensity experiment: Microwave demagnetization with an in-field step followed by another in-field step (classical Thellier experiment)
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Microwave demagnetization with an in-field step followed by another in-field step (classical Thellier experiment) |
| Description: | Microwave demagnetization of the specimen and then relaxing in known ambient magnetic field. The same step is then repeated. |
LP-PI-M-IZPaleointensity experiment: Using a microwave TRM with an in-field step followed by a zero-field step
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a microwave TRM with an in-field step followed by a zero-field step |
| Description: | Microwave demagnetization of the specimen to the desired step and then relaxing in known ambient magnetic field. Then microwave demagnetization to the same or lower step and then relaxing in zero magnetic field to induce pTRM. |
LP-PI-M-IZZIPaleointensity experiment: Microwave reciprocity check using an in-field step, followed by two zero-field steps, followed by an in-field step
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Microwave reciprocity check using an in-field step, followed by two zero-field steps, followed by an in-field step |
| Description: | Microwave demagnetization to a specific step to remove NRM and then relaxation in a known magnetic field. Followed by microwave demagnetization to the same or lower step and then relaxation in zero ambient magnetic field. Then another zero field step followed an in-field step |
LP-PI-M-PERPPaleointensity experiment: Microwave heating with perpendicular protocol
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Microwave heating with perpendicular protocol |
| Description: | Use of microwave radiation as the energy source to unblock NRM and/or for in-field remanence acquisition. Perpendicular protocol. Each step includes a single infield step with lab field perpendicular to the NRM. The protocol can include demagnetization steps until overprint is removed. |
LP-PI-M-QPPaleointensity experiment: Microwave heating with quasi-perpendicular protocol
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Microwave heating with quasi-perpendicular protocol |
| Description: | Use of microwave radiation as the energy source to unblock NRM and/or for in-field remanence acquisition. Quasi-perpendicular protocol. Biggin et al. (2007) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.016 |
LP-PI-M-ZIPaleointensity experiment: Using a microwave TRM with a zero-field step followed by an in-field step
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a microwave TRM with a zero-field step followed by an in-field step |
| Description: | Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in zero ambient magnetic field. Then heating to the same or lower temperature and then cooling in a known magnetic field to induce pTRM. |
LP-PI-MULTPaleointensity experiment: Using a multi-specimen procedure
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a multi-specimen procedure |
| Description: | Psuedo theiller?? XXXXX Tauxe 1995. |
LP-PI-MULT-DBPaleointensity experiment: Using a multi-specimen procedure of Dekkers and Bohnel.
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a multi-specimen procedure of Dekkers and Bohnel. |
| Description: | Dekkers and Bohnel (2006), 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.040 |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.040 |
LP-PI-MULT-FLPaleointensity experiment: Using a multi-specimen procedure of Fabian and Leonhardt.
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a multi-specimen procedure of Fabian and Leonhardt. |
| Description: | Modification of Dekkers and Bohnel (2006) method. Fabian and Leonhardt (2010), 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.006 |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.006 |
LP-PI-PARMPaleointensity experiment: Best-fit slope through NRM remaining versus pARM gained data
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Best-fit slope through NRM remaining versus pARM gained data |
LP-PI-RELPaleointensity experiment: Normalized NRM for relative paleofield estimation
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Normalized NRM for relative paleofield estimation |
LP-PI-REL-PTPaleointensity experiment: Normalized NRM for relative paleofield estimation using the pseudo-Thellier method
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Normalized NRM for relative paleofield estimation using the pseudo-Thellier method |
LP-PI-SXTALPaleointensity experiment: Using a single crystal approach
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a single crystal approach |
LP-PI-TRIAXEDemagnetization/remagnetization measured continuously at increasing and decreasing temperatures
| Definition: | Demagnetization/remagnetization measured continuously at increasing and decreasing temperatures |
| Description: | Triax paleointensity experiment where the magnetic field is measured insitu while changing the temperature(Le Goff and Gallet, 1961) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.025 |
LP-PI-TRMPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM |
| Description: | Any paleointensity experiment that uses a TRM produced in a lab controlled field. Includes all variants of the Thellier method, including the Shaw method. More details on alteration and reciprocity checks can be added using the special LP-PI-ALT and LP-PI-BT method codes. |
LP-PI-TRM-IIPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with an in-field step followed by another in-field step (classical Thellier experiment)
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with an in-field step followed by another in-field step (classical Thellier experiment) |
| Description: | Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in known ambient magnetic field. The same step is then repeated. Ref:Thellier, O. and Thellier, E. (1959). Sur la direction du champ magnetique terrestre dans le passe historique et geologique. Annales de Geophysique 15: 285-375. |
LP-PI-TRM-IZPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with an in-field step followed by a zero-field step
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with an in-field step followed by a zero-field step |
| Description: | Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in known ambient magnetic field. Then heating to the same or lower temperature and then cooling in zero magnetic field to induce pTRM. Aitken et al., (1988) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i001p00003 |
LP-PI-TRM-PERPPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with perpendicular protocol
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with perpendicular protocol |
| Description: | Each step includes a single infield step with lab field perpendicular to the NRM. The protocol can include demagnetizations steps until overprint is removed. |
LP-PI-TRM-WPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM measured at temperature
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM measured at temperature |
| Description: | Wilson method (Wilson, 1961) where the field of a specimen is measured at temperature (unblocking) instead of the easier and more common method of the specimen being measured after cooling (blocking). |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1961.tb02928.x |
LP-PI-TRM-ZIPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with a zero-field step followed by an in-field step
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with a zero-field step followed by an in-field step |
| Description: | Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in zero ambient magnetic field. Then heating to the same or lower temperature and then cooling in a known magnetic field to induce pTRM. Coe (1967) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ072I012P03247 |
LP-PI-XPaleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory susceptibility to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory susceptibility to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation |
LP-PI-ZIPaleointensity experiment: Zero-field and in-field pair of steps
| Definition: | Paleointensity experiment: Zero-field and in-field pair of steps |
LP-QDMA quantum diamond microscope (QDM) experiment
| Definition: | A quantum diamond microscope (QDM) experiment |
| Description: | A quantum diamond microscope is used to measure the magnetic induction over a sample and then the magnetic moment of the sample can be calculated. QDM employs optically addressable nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond that are sensitive to magnetic fields via the Zeeman effect. Glen, et al. and (2017), Fu et al. 2017 |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC006946 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.038 |
LP-QDM-RA quantum diamond microscope (QDM) experiment - remanent magnetization mapping
| Definition: | A quantum diamond microscope (QDM) experiment - remanent magnetization mapping |
| Description: | A quantum diamond microscope is used to measure the magnetic induction over a sample and then the magnetic moment of the sample can be calculated. Remanent magnetization mapping is done by adding the two bias field measurements. QDM employs optically addressable nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond that are sensitive to magnetic fields via the Zeeman effect. Glen, et al. and (2017), Fu et al. 2017 |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC006946 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.038 |
LP-QDM-IA quantum diamond microscope (QDM) experiment - induced magnetization mapping
| Definition: | A quantum diamond microscope (QDM) experiment - induced magnetization mapping |
| Description: | A quantum diamond microscope is used to measure the magnetic induction over a sample and then the magnetic moment of the sample can be calculated. Induced magnetization mapping is done by subtracting the two bias field measurements. QDM employs optically addressable nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond that are sensitive to magnetic fields via the Zeeman effect. Glen, et al. and (2017), Fu et al. 2017 |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC006946 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.038 |
LP-SQUIDMA SQUID microscopy experiment
| Definition: | A SQUID microscopy experiment |
| Description: | Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy enables ultra-sensitive measurements of net magnetic moments. By employing small (typically <100 μm) pickup loops brought extremely close to the samples, these instruments are capable of mapping the vertical component of the sample magnetic field with resolutions as low as 10 pT at spatial resolutions of 150 μm or better. Lima and Weiss, (2016) and Fu et al. (2017) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006487 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.038 |
LP-TThermal demagnetization
| Definition: | Thermal demagnetization |
LP-TRMTRM acquisition
| Definition: | TRM acquisition |
LP-TRM-AFDTRM acquisition: AF demagnetization
| Definition: | TRM acquisition: AF demagnetization |
LP-TRM-TDTRM acquisition: Thermal demagnetization
| Definition: | TRM acquisition: Thermal demagnetization |
LP-UU-Channel
| Definition: | U-Channel |
LP-VOLMeasured the volume of the specimen
| Definition: | Measured the volume of the specimen |
LP-VRMViscous acquisition of remanent magnetization
| Definition: | Viscous acquisition of remanent magnetization |
LP-VRM-DViscous acquisition of remanent magnetization: Decay
| Definition: | Viscous acquisition of remanent magnetization: Decay |
LP-WCWhole core measurements
| Definition: | Whole core measurements |
LP-XSusceptibility measurement
| Definition: | Susceptibility measurement |
LP-X-DCSusceptibility measurement: As a function of external DC field
| Definition: | Susceptibility measurement: As a function of external DC field |
| Description: | An external DC field is varied while measuring the susceptibility. |
LP-X-FSusceptibility measurement: As a function of frequency
| Definition: | Susceptibility measurement: As a function of frequency |
LP-X-FERROSusceptibility measurement: Independent measurements of low field and highfield susceptibility for getting ferromagnetic susceptibility
| Definition: | Susceptibility measurement: Independent measurements of low field and highfield susceptibility for getting ferromagnetic susceptibility |
| Description: | Ferromagnetic susceptibility is the low-field minus the high-field susceptibility to correct for paramagnetic contribution. |
LP-X-HSusceptibility measurement: As a function of amplitude
| Definition: | Susceptibility measurement: As a function of amplitude |
LP-X-TSusceptibility measurement: As a function of temperature
| Definition: | Susceptibility measurement: As a function of temperature |
LP-XPEEMX‐ray photoelectron emission microscopy
| Definition: | X‐ray photoelectron emission microscopy |
| Description: | The magnetic contrast is provided by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism, where the efficiency of electron ejection from the sample's surface by circularly polarized X‐rays depends on the relative orientation of the local magnetic moment and the X‐ray beam. This can be used to calculate the local magnetic moment and paleointensities. (van der Laan, 2013; Bryson, Herrero-Albillos et al., 2014) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/430/1/012127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.016 |
LP-XPEEM-1X‐ray photoelectron emission microscopy: One specimen orientation
| Definition: | X‐ray photoelectron emission microscopy: One specimen orientation |
| Description: | The magnetic contrast is provided by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism, where the efficiency of electron ejection from the sample's surface by circularly polarized X‐rays depends on the relative orientation of the local magnetic moment and the X‐ray beam. This can be used to calculate the local magnetic moment and paleointensities. Each spot is measured in one orientation. (Bryson et al., 2015; Nichols et al. 2018) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.009 |
LP-XPEEM-3X‐ray photoelectron emission microscopy: Three specimen orientations
| Definition: | X‐ray photoelectron emission microscopy: Three specimen orientations |
| Description: | The magnetic contrast is provided by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism, where the efficiency of electron ejection from the sample's surface by circularly polarized X‐rays depends on the relative orientation of the local magnetic moment and the X‐ray beam. This can be used to calculate the local magnetic moment and paleointensities. Each spot is measured in three orientations rotated by 120 degrees. This allows for direct estimates of the direction and intensity of the ancient field. (Bryson et al., 2019) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE005951 |
LP-ZFCZero field cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming
| Definition: | Zero field cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming |
LP-ZFC-IMZero field cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming
| Definition: | Zero field cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming |
Lab Treatment
41
LT-AF-DAlternating field: Double demagnetization with AF along X,Y,Z measurement followed by AF along -X,-Y,-Z measurement
| Definition: | Alternating field: Double demagnetization with AF along X,Y,Z measurement followed by AF along -X,-Y,-Z measurement |
LT-AF-GAlternating field: Triple demagnetization with AF along Y,Z,X measurement followed by AF along Y and AF along Z measurement
| Definition: | Alternating field: Triple demagnetization with AF along Y,Z,X measurement followed by AF along Y and AF along Z measurement |
LT-AF-IAlternating field: In laboratory field
| Definition: | Alternating field: In laboratory field |
| Description: | AF demagnetization in a small DC field offset to produce an ARM. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch5.html#LT-AFI |
LT-AF-ZAlternating field: In zero field
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are typically reoriented in three or more orthogonal axes. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-XAlternating field: In zero field along the X axis only
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the X axis only |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the X axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-XYZAlternating field: In zero field along the X, then the Y, and then the Z axes
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the X, then the Y, and then the Z axes |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the X axis, then the Y axis, and finally the Z axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-XZYAlternating field: In zero field along the X, then the Z, and then the Y axes
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the X, then the Z, and then the Y axes |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the X axis, then the Z axis, and finally the Y axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-YAlternating field: In zero field along the Y axis only
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the Y axis only |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the Y axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-YXZAlternating field: In zero field along the Y, then the X, and then the Z axes
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the Y, then the X, and then the Z axes |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the Y axis, then the X axis, and finally the Z axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-YZXAlternating field: In zero field along the Y, then the Z, and then the X axes
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the Y, then the Z, and then the X axes |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the Y axis, then the Z axis, and finally the X axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-ZAlternating field: In zero field along the Z axis only
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the Z axis only |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the Y axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-ZXYAlternating field: In zero field along the Z, then the X, and then the Y axes
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the Z, then the X, and then the Y axes |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the Z axis, then the X axis, and finally the Y axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-ZYXAlternating field: In zero field along the Z, then the Y, and then the X axes
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field along the Z, then the Y, and then the X axes |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are oriented along the Z axis, then the Y axis, and finally the X axis. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-AFZ |
LT-AF-Z-TUMBAlternating field: In zero field using a tumbling AF demagnetizer
| Definition: | Alternating field: In zero field using a tumbling AF demagnetizer |
| Description: | A specimen is subject to a decaying and alternating magnetic field using a tumbling demagnetizer such that the magnetic moments with coercivities below the peak field are aligned in opposed directions, and thus cancel. Specimens are typically reoriented in three or more orthogonal axes. |
LT-CHEMCleaning of porous rocks by chemical leaching
| Definition: | Cleaning of porous rocks by chemical leaching |
LT-CHEM-HCLCleaning of porous rocks by chemical leaching with HCl
| Definition: | Cleaning of porous rocks by chemical leaching with HCl |
LT-FCSpecimen cooled with laboratory field on
| Definition: | Specimen cooled with laboratory field on |
LT-HT-IHigh temperature treatment: In laboratory field
| Definition: | High temperature treatment: In laboratory field |
LT-HT-ZHigh temperature treatment: In zero field
| Definition: | High temperature treatment: In zero field |
LT-IRMIRM imparted to specimen prior to measurement
| Definition: | IRM imparted to specimen prior to measurement |
LT-LT-ILow temperature treatment: In laboratory field
| Definition: | Low temperature treatment: In laboratory field |
LT-LT-ZLow temperature treatment: In zero field
| Definition: | Low temperature treatment: In zero field |
| Description: | In zero field the specimen is cooled to low temperature and warmed prior to measurement. Low temperature cycling of specimens can detect presence of particles whose magnetic properties depend on magnetocrystalline anisotropy, including multidomain grains. |
LT-M-IUsing microwave radiation: In laboratory field
| Definition: | Using microwave radiation: In laboratory field |
LT-M-ZUsing microwave radiation: In zero field
| Definition: | Using microwave radiation: In zero field |
LT-NONo treatments applied before measurement
| Definition: | No treatments applied before measurement |
LT-NRM-APARSpecimen heating and cooling: Laboratory field anti-parallel to the NRM vector
| Definition: | Specimen heating and cooling: Laboratory field anti-parallel to the NRM vector |
LT-NRM-PARSpecimen heating and cooling: Laboratory field parallel to the NRM vector
| Definition: | Specimen heating and cooling: Laboratory field parallel to the NRM vector |
LT-TRM-PARSpecimen heating and cooling: Laboratory field parallel to the TRM vector
| Definition: | Specimen heating and cooling: Laboratory field parallel to the TRM vector |
| References: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb03999.x |
LT-NRM-PERPSpecimen heating and cooling: Laboratory field perpendicular to the NRM vector
| Definition: | Specimen heating and cooling: Laboratory field perpendicular to the NRM vector |
LT-PMRM-ACpTRM check: additivity check step while using microwave demagnetization
| Definition: | pTRM check: additivity check step while using microwave demagnetization |
| Description: | A modification of the Thellier–Thellier experiment that detects the presence of MD particles by verifying the law of additivity of pTRMs. The law of additivity is valid for regular pTRMs (i.e. the upper temperature of pTRM acquisition is reached by cooling from the Curie temperature) for both SD and MD particles, whereas it is not valid for pTRM* (the upper temperature of pTRM acquisition is reached by heating from room temperature) in the case of MD particles. As the partial thermoremanences imparted in Thellier–Thellier experiments are of the pTRM* type, additivity as a prerequisite for the validity of the obtained result is not given if the remanence is carried predominantly by MD particles (Krasa et al., 2003). |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00122-0 |
LT-PMRM-IpMRM check: After zero field step, perform an in field cooling after heating to lower T with microwave radiation
| Definition: | pMRM check: After zero field step, perform an in field cooling after heating to lower T with microwave radiation |
| Description: | After treatment at a particular temperature step, the specimen is then reheated to a lower temperature and cooled with the laboratory field on thus reapplying a pTRM. |
LT-PMRM-MDpMRM tail check: After in laboratory field step, perform a zero field cooling after heating with same microwave power and time
| Definition: | pMRM tail check: After in laboratory field step, perform a zero field cooling after heating with same microwave power and time |
| Description: | A check carried out during Thellier procedures to detect multidomain grains. Additional zero field heating steps are used to remove a previously placed pTRM. The ability to remove a prior pTRM step at the same temperature imparted is used as an indicator of reversal. |
LT-PMRM-ZpMRM tail check: After in laboratory field step, perform a zero field cooling after microwave heating at a lower power/time
| Definition: | pMRM tail check: After in laboratory field step, perform a zero field cooling after microwave heating at a lower power/time |
| Description: | After heating to a particular temperature step and cooling in field. The specimen is heated to a lower temperature step and cooled in zero field. This checks for low temperature pTRM tails. |
LT-PTRM-ACpTRM check: additivity check step while using thermal demagnetization
| Definition: | pTRM check: additivity check step while using thermal demagnetization |
| Description: | A modification of the Thellier–Thellier experiment that detects the presence of MD particles by verifying the law of additivity of pTRMs. The law of additivity is valid for regular pTRMs (i.e. the upper temperature of pTRM acquisition is reached by cooling from the Curie temperature) for both SD and MD particles, whereas it is not valid for pTRM* (the upper temperature of pTRM acquisition is reached by heating from room temperature) in the case of MD particles. As the partial thermoremanences imparted in Thellier–Thellier experiments are of the pTRM* type, additivity as a prerequisite for the validity of the obtained result is not given if the remanence is carried predominantly by MD particles (Krasa et al., 2003). |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00122-0 |
LT-PTRM-IpTRM check: After zero field step, perform an in field cooling
| Definition: | pTRM check: After zero field step, perform an in field cooling |
| Description: | After treatment at a particular temperature step, the specimen is then reheated to a lower temperature and cooled with the laboratory field on thus reapplying a pTRM. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch10.html#LT-pTRMI |
LT-PTRM-MDpTRM tail check: After in laboratory field step, perform a zero field cooling at same temperature
| Definition: | pTRM tail check: After in laboratory field step, perform a zero field cooling at same temperature |
| Description: | A check carried out during Thellier procedures to detect multidomain grains. Additional zero field heating steps are used to remove a previously placed pTRM. The ability to remove a prior pTRM step at the same temperature imparted is used as an indicator of reversal. |
LT-PTRM-ZpTRM tail check After in laboratory field step, perform a zero field cooling at a lower temperature
| Definition: | pTRM tail check After in laboratory field step, perform a zero field cooling at a lower temperature |
| Description: | After heating to a particular temperature step and cooling in field. The specimen is heated to a lower temperature step and cooled in zero field. This checks for low temperature pTRM tails. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch10.html#LT-pTRMZ |
LT-T-ISpecimen cooling: In laboratory field
| Definition: | Specimen cooling: In laboratory field |
| Description: | Heating to a specific temperature to remove NRM and then cooling in a known magnetic field to induce TRM. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch10.html#LT-TI |
LT-T-ZSpecimen cooling: In zero field
| Definition: | Specimen cooling: In zero field |
| Description: | Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in zero ambient magnetic field. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#LT-TZ |
LT-T-Z-NRM-PARSpecimen cooling: In field parallel to the NRM
| Definition: | Specimen cooling: In field parallel to the NRM |
| Description: | Heating to temperature in zero field, then cooling in a field parallel to the NRM. Dekkers and Bohnel (2006), doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.040 |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.040 |
LT-VDViscous demagnetization by applying MU-metal screening
| Definition: | Viscous demagnetization by applying MU-metal screening |
| Description: | Placing a specimen in a zero field environment (often a MU-metal shield) allows for the relaxation of the softest components of magnetization. This randomizing effect can then be measured over time. MU-metal is Ni-Fe alloy of high permeability. |
Sample Characterization
67
SC-AASAtomic absorption
| Definition: | Atomic absorption |
SC-ALPHAAlpha counting
| Definition: | Alpha counting |
SC-ALPHA-IDAlpha counting isotope dilution
| Definition: | Alpha counting isotope dilution |
SC-ANCAnion chromatography
| Definition: | Anion chromatography |
SC-CHNCHN
| Definition: | CHN |
SC-CHN-GCCHN gas chromatography
| Definition: | CHN gas chromatography |
SC-COLColorimetric
| Definition: | Colorimetric |
SC-COULCoulometrical analysis
| Definition: | Coulometrical analysis |
SC-CSACarbon-Sulfur analyzer
| Definition: | Carbon-Sulfur analyzer |
SC-DCPDirect current plasma
| Definition: | Direct current plasma |
SC-DROESDirect reading optical emissions spectroscopy
| Definition: | Direct reading optical emissions spectroscopy |
SC-EMPElectron microprobe
| Definition: | Electron microprobe |
SC-ENAAENAA
| Definition: | ENAA |
SC-ESEmission spectrometry
| Definition: | Emission spectrometry |
SC-FLESFlame emission spectroscopy
| Definition: | Flame emission spectroscopy |
SC-FPFlame photometry
| Definition: | Flame photometry |
SC-FTIRSFourier transform infrared spectrometry
| Definition: | Fourier transform infrared spectrometry |
SC-GCGas chromatography
| Definition: | Gas chromatography |
SC-GIOGradient ion-chromatography
| Definition: | Gradient ion-chromatography |
SC-GRAVGravimetry
| Definition: | Gravimetry |
SC-HPLCHigh-performance liquid chromatography
| Definition: | High-performance liquid chromatography |
SC-ICPICP
| Definition: | ICP |
SC-ICPAEICP atomic emission spectrometry
| Definition: | ICP atomic emission spectrometry |
SC-ICPMSICP-MS
| Definition: | ICP-MS |
SC-ICPMS-HRHigh-resolution ICP-MS
| Definition: | High-resolution ICP-MS |
SC-ICPMS-IDICP-MS isotope dilution
| Definition: | ICP-MS isotope dilution |
SC-ICPMS-LAICP-MS laser ablation
| Definition: | ICP-MS laser ablation |
SC-ICPMS-MCMulti-collector ICP-MS
| Definition: | Multi-collector ICP-MS |
SC-IDMSIsotope dilution mass spectrometry
| Definition: | Isotope dilution mass spectrometry |
SC-IGNIgnition
| Definition: | Ignition |
SC-IMPIon microprobe
| Definition: | Ion microprobe |
SC-INAAInstrumental neutron activation analysis
| Definition: | Instrumental neutron activation analysis |
SC-IRSPInfra-red spectroscopy
| Definition: | Infra-red spectroscopy |
SC-ISEIon sensitive electrode
| Definition: | Ion sensitive electrode |
SC-MANOManometry
| Definition: | Manometry |
SC-MBMössbauer
| Definition: | Mössbauer |
SC-MSMass spectrometry
| Definition: | Mass spectrometry |
SC-NAANeutron activation analysis
| Definition: | Neutron activation analysis |
SC-NOUnknown sample characterization method
| Definition: | Unknown sample characterization method |
SC-OESOptical emission spectrometry
| Definition: | Optical emission spectrometry |
SC-OPSOptical spectroscopy
| Definition: | Optical spectroscopy |
SC-PENPenfield method
| Definition: | Penfield method |
SC-PMPProton microprobe
| Definition: | Proton microprobe |
SC-POTPotentiometrical
| Definition: | Potentiometrical |
SC-RNAARadioanalytical neutron activation
| Definition: | Radioanalytical neutron activation |
SC-SIMSSecondary ion mass spectrometry
| Definition: | Secondary ion mass spectrometry |
SC-SMADupont solid's moisture analyzer
| Definition: | Dupont solid's moisture analyzer |
SC-SPECSpectrographic analysis
| Definition: | Spectrographic analysis |
SC-SPPHSpectrophotometric
| Definition: | Spectrophotometric |
SC-SQUIDMSQUID microscopy
| Definition: | SQUID microscopy |
| Description: | Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy enables ultra-sensitive measurements of net magnetic moments. By employing small (typically <100 μm) pickup loops brought extremely close to the samples, these instruments are capable of mapping the vertical component of the sample magnetic field with resolutions as low as 10 pT at spatial resolutions of 150 μm or better. Lima and Weiss, (2016) and Fu et al. (2017) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006487 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.038 |
SC-SSIDSpark source mass spectrometry isotope dilution
| Definition: | Spark source mass spectrometry isotope dilution |
SC-SSMSSpark source mass spectrometry
| Definition: | Spark source mass spectrometry |
SC-TITRTitration
| Definition: | Titration |
SC-TYPE-NONot specified
| Definition: | Not specified |
SC-TYPE-CYC2.5cm cyclinders
| Definition: | 2.5cm cyclinders |
SC-TYPE-CUBEsmall cubes
| Definition: | small cubes |
SC-TYPE-MINIMini-samples or chips
| Definition: | Mini-samples or chips |
SC-TYPE-SCSingle crystal
| Definition: | Single crystal |
SC-TYPE-UCU-channel
| Definition: | U-channel |
SC-TYPE-LARGELarge Sample Method
| Definition: | Large Sample Method |
SC-UVESUV emission spectrography
| Definition: | UV emission spectrography |
SC-VOLVolumetric
| Definition: | Volumetric |
SC-WETWet chemistry
| Definition: | Wet chemistry |
LP-XPEEMX‐ray photoelectron emission microscopy
| Definition: | X‐ray photoelectron emission microscopy |
| Description: | The magnetic contrast is provided by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism, where the efficiency of electron ejection from the sample's surface by circularly polarized X‐rays depends on the relative orientation of the local magnetic moment and the X‐ray beam. This can be used to calculate the local magnetic moment and paleointensities. (Bryson, Herrero-Albillos et al., 2014) |
| References: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.016 |
SC-XRDX-Ray Diffraction
| Definition: | X-Ray Diffraction |
SC-XRFX-ray fluorescence
| Definition: | X-ray fluorescence |
SC-XRF-EDSEnergy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence
| Definition: | Energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence |
Sample Orientation
23
SO-ASODetermining orientation by acoustic scanning in drill holes
| Definition: | Determining orientation by acoustic scanning in drill holes |
SO-CMD-NORTHCorrection applied for magnetic declination: True north
| Definition: | Correction applied for magnetic declination: True north |
SO-CMD-ZEROCorrection applied for magnetic declination: Zero
| Definition: | Correction applied for magnetic declination: Zero |
SO-COPlaster (or similar substance) cap-oriented samples
| Definition: | Plaster (or similar substance) cap-oriented samples |
SO-DMLDetermining orientation by deep matter logging in drill holes
| Definition: | Determining orientation by deep matter logging in drill holes |
SO-GAD
SO-GPS-DIFFDifferential GPS
| Definition: | Differential GPS |
SO-GT5Sample orientation uncertainty greater than five degrees
| Definition: | Sample orientation uncertainty greater than five degrees |
SO-INCLInclinometer
| Definition: | Inclinometer |
SO-MAGMagnetic compass
| Definition: | Magnetic compass |
SO-NOUnknown sample orientation method
| Definition: | Unknown sample orientation method |
SO-POMPomeroy orientation device
| Definition: | Pomeroy orientation device |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1060009.1.2 |
SO-RECCalculated from a combination of corrected and uncorrected directional data
| Definition: | Calculated from a combination of corrected and uncorrected directional data |
SO-SIGHTSighting
| Definition: | Sighting |
SO-SIGHT-AZSighting: Azimuth
| Definition: | Sighting: Azimuth |
SO-SIGHT-BACKSighting: Backsighting
| Definition: | Sighting: Backsighting |
SO-SIGHT-GFSighting: Geographic feature
| Definition: | Sighting: Geographic feature |
SO-SIGHT-LMSighting: Landmark
| Definition: | Sighting: Landmark |
SO-SMMagnetic and/or sun compass
| Definition: | Magnetic and/or sun compass |
SO-SUNSun compass
| Definition: | Sun compass |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1060009.1.2 |
SO-SUN-SIGHTMajority sun compass with some sighting
| Definition: | Majority sun compass with some sighting |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/#x1-1060009.1.2 |
SO-TENSORDetermining orientation by tensor tool
| Definition: | Determining orientation by tensor tool |
SO-VVertical orientation of sample only (in drill core for example)
| Definition: | Vertical orientation of sample only (in drill core for example) |
Sample Preparation
25
SP-ACIDAcid leaching
| Definition: | Acid leaching |
SP-CRUSHCrushing of sample
| Definition: | Crushing of sample |
SP-EMSamples embedded in matrix
| Definition: | Samples embedded in matrix |
SP-HANDHand picking of grain sample
| Definition: | Hand picking of grain sample |
SP-HLHeavy liquid mineral separation
| Definition: | Heavy liquid mineral separation |
SP-LDLab drill
| Definition: | Lab drill |
SP-MAGNMagnetic (mineral) separation
| Definition: | Magnetic (mineral) separation |
SP-POLPolishing of sample surface
| Definition: | Polishing of sample surface |
SP-RMPowdering of sample by ring mill with metal inserts
| Definition: | Powdering of sample by ring mill with metal inserts |
SP-RMAPowdering of sample by ring mill with agate inserts
| Definition: | Powdering of sample by ring mill with agate inserts |
SP-SAWSawing rocks with diamond blade rock saw
| Definition: | Sawing rocks with diamond blade rock saw |
SP-SHTBOXPowdering of sample by shatterbox
| Definition: | Powdering of sample by shatterbox |
SP-SS-ASub sampling: Archeological artifact
| Definition: | Sub sampling: Archeological artifact |
SP-SS-CSub sampling: Core
| Definition: | Sub sampling: Core |
SP-SS-C-PMAGSub sampling: Core samples cut from a 1 inch diameter core
| Definition: | Sub sampling: Core samples cut from a 1 inch diameter core |
| Description: | The standard paleomagnetc specimen cut from the longer core sampled in the field |
SP-SS-USub sampling: U-Channel
| Definition: | Sub sampling: U-Channel |
SP-SYNMaking synthetic material
| Definition: | Making synthetic material |
SP-SYN-ANMaking synthetic material: Annealing
| Definition: | Making synthetic material: Annealing |
SP-SYN-DISPMaking synthetic material: Dispersion of magnetic particles in a certain matrix
| Definition: | Making synthetic material: Dispersion of magnetic particles in a certain matrix |
SP-SYN-GCMaking synthetic material: Glass ceramic
| Definition: | Making synthetic material: Glass ceramic |
SP-SYN-REDMaking synthetic material: Reduction
| Definition: | Making synthetic material: Reduction |
SP-SYN-SGMaking synthetic material: Solution growth
| Definition: | Making synthetic material: Solution growth |
SP-SYN-TFSMaking synthetic material: Thin film sputtering
| Definition: | Making synthetic material: Thin film sputtering |
SP-SYN-TFS-AMaking synthetic material: Thin film sputtering atom by atom
| Definition: | Making synthetic material: Thin film sputtering atom by atom |
SP-SYN-TFS-MMaking synthetic material: Thin film sputtering by Masking
| Definition: | Making synthetic material: Thin film sputtering by Masking |
Stability Tests
28
ST-CBaked contact test
| Definition: | Baked contact test |
| Description: | The baked contact test compares the NRM direction of an igneous intrusion to that of the country rock surrounding it. One expects a changing NRM vector across the heat affected zone of the country rock. When an igneous rock intrudes an older rock formation, the intrusion heats a region of the surrounding country rock and the baked region of the country rock will then cool in the same magnetic field as the intrusion, and so will acquire a direction of magnetization the same as that of the intrusion. Agreement between the direction of magnetization of the intrusion and that of the country rock provides strong evidence for the stability of the magnetization of the intrusion. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#FT-BC |
ST-BCQ-1Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 1
| Definition: | Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 1 |
| Description: | Age uncertainties of < ± 15 Myr. |
| References: | 10.1029/2000JB000050 |
ST-BCQ-2Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 2
| Definition: | Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 2 |
| Description: | There must be a sufficient number of individually oriented samples from enough sites. At least six sites and 36 samples, each site having a 95% confidence interval less than 10∘ in the Cenozoic and 15∘ in the Mesozoic. |
| References: | 10.1029/2000JB000050 |
ST-BCQ-3Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 3
| Definition: | Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 3 |
| Description: | It must be demonstrated that a coherent characteristic remanence component has been isolated by the demagnetization procedure. McElhinny and McFadden (2000) attempted to standardize the description of the demagnetization status of a dataset using a demagnetization code (DC). Besse and Couttillot 2002 recommend using only poles with a DC of at least 2. |
| References: | 10.1029/2000JB000050 |
ST-BCQ-4Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 4
| Definition: | Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 4 |
| Description: | The age of the magnetization relative to the age of the rock should be constrained using field tests (fold test, conglomerate test, baked contact test. Reject poles that fail a fold test or a reversals test. |
| References: | 10.1029/2000JB000050 |
ST-BCQ-5Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 5
| Definition: | Besse and Courtillot Quality Factor 5 |
| Description: | There should be agreement in the pole positions from units of similar age from a broad region and adequate knowledge of any structural corrections necessary. Reject poles from “mobile regions”, but incorporate data that are azimuthally unconstrained by using inclination only data as a constraint on paleolatitude. |
| References: | 10.1029/2000JB000050 |
ST-GConglomerate test
| Definition: | Conglomerate test |
| Description: | The conglomerate test compares the NRM direction of conglomerate clasts to the matrix (host particles) NRM direction. This results in directions that are random relative to the matrix, or directions clustering around the matrix particle's vector mean. If the directions of the magnetization of the conglomerate cobbles are random then this suggests that the magnetization of the parent formation has been stable since the deposition of the conglomerate. |
| References: | https://earthref.org/MagIC/books/Tauxe/Essentials/WebBook3ch9.html#FT-CT |
ST-FFold test
| Definition: | Fold test |
ST-F-1Fold test 1: Compares Kappa before and after tilt correction
| Definition: | Fold test 1: Compares Kappa before and after tilt correction |
| Description: | This fold test compares the precision parameter (kappa) of the NRM directions across a fold before and after fold correction (unfolding). The positive result signifies an improved precision (kappa) about the vector mean, resulting in less dispersion. Samples are taken from different limbs of a fold. If the in situ directions of magnetization on the separate limbs differ, but agree after unfolding the limbs towards the horizontal, then the magnetization must predate the folding and must have been stable since that time. |
ST-F-2Fold test 2: Compares distributions of directions from various limbs of folds before and after tilt correction
| Definition: | Fold test 2: Compares distributions of directions from various limbs of folds before and after tilt correction |
| Description: | This fold test is a comparison of precisions (kappa) between different fold limbs (groups) to determine if they could have been drawn from a common group. An estimated ratio of k1/k2 far from unity is interpreted to imply significantly different distributions, where the critical value is being determined by F-test distributions. If the observed value of <f> exceeds the critical value of the F distribution at the required level of significance, then the hypothesis of a common true mean may be rejected. In other words, the sites on each limb may be considered as a separate group with each group having it's own common tilt correction. |
ST-F-3Fold test 3: Uses Watson's V to test for common mean after tilt correction
| Definition: | Fold test 3: Uses Watson's V to test for common mean after tilt correction |
| Description: | This fold test is used to determine if there is no common precision (kappa) between groups by using Watson's V statistic compared to a simulated random distribution. If there is not a common kappa and there are multiple sites on each limb, then it is still possible to make use of this V-test. If the null hypothesis of a common mean direction can be rejected in the in situ position, but not in the unfolded position, then this is evidence that the magnetization was acquired before the folding occurred. |
ST-F-4Fold test 4: Estimates confidence on Kappa as a function of tilt correction
| Definition: | Fold test 4: Estimates confidence on Kappa as a function of tilt correction |
ST-F-5Fold test 5: Estimates confidence on maximum eigenvalue as a function of tilt correction
| Definition: | Fold test 5: Estimates confidence on maximum eigenvalue as a function of tilt correction |
| Description: | In this fold test the behavior of the eigenvalue t1 is examined during unfolding to find the point at which the tightest grouping is achieved. Because in the orientation matrix the polarity does not play a role and because the tightness of groupings is reflected in the relative magnitudes of the eigenvalues(t), we can predict that the variance along the principal axis grows and those along the other axis shrinks, as the data become more tightly grouped. |
ST-C-IInverse contact test
| Definition: | Inverse contact test |
| Description: | This is the inverse of the baked contact test. If stable magnetizations are observed in unbaked rocks that provide positive evidence for a baked contact test, then this also provides evidence that the unbaked sediments have retained their magnetization, at least since the time of baking. |
ST-G-IFIntraformational conglomerate test
| Definition: | Intraformational conglomerate test |
| Description: | This is a variation on the conglomerate test, where the conglomerate lies within the formation and was deposited not long after the parent beds were deposited. |
ST-RReversals test
| Definition: | Reversals test |
ST-R-1Reversals test 1: Compares N and antipodes of R directions by testing for common mean
| Definition: | Reversals test 1: Compares N and antipodes of R directions by testing for common mean |
| Description: | This reversal test compares the normal and reverse directions, that are flipped 180 degrees, for a common mean. Originally the simple procedure was to invert one of the directions by 180 degrees and then test if the resulting two directions of magnetization were discernibly different, by testing for common kappa. However, this method is taken to be flawed, because the larger the circles of confidence the harder it would be to show the two directions were discernibly different from one another. |
ST-R-2Reversals test 2: Compares Watson's V statistic for normal and reverse modes with monte carlo simulation
| Definition: | Reversals test 2: Compares Watson's V statistic for normal and reverse modes with monte carlo simulation |
| Description: | This reversal test compares the means of the normal and reversed data, and assesses the quality using Watson's V-statistic to test whether the two samples could have been drawn from distributions sharing a common mean direction, depend on the number of observations in each sample and whether the two distributions share a common precision. Results can be classified as 'A' if γc <= 5°, 'B' if 5° <= γc <= 10°, or 'C' if 10° <= γc <= 20°, and indeterminate if γc > 20°. |
ST-R-3Reversals test 3: Compares bootstrapped means for N and R antipodes by testing for common mean
| Definition: | Reversals test 3: Compares bootstrapped means for N and R antipodes by testing for common mean |
| Description: | This reversal test compares the overlap of confidence intervals for bootstrapped means of reversed antipodal data. If the confidence intervals for the normal and reversed data overlap, then this suggests that the two means cannot be distinguished at the 95% level of confidence. |
ST-R-4Reversals test 4: Defines degree of Alpha95 overlap for N and R antipodes
| Definition: | Reversals test 4: Defines degree of Alpha95 overlap for N and R antipodes |
ST-UUnconformity test
| Definition: | Unconformity test |
| Description: | This unconformity test is applied in special cases when successive zones of normal and reverse magnetization are truncated by an unconformity in the sequence. If the polarity zones of the upper/younger sequence do not match those of the lower/older sequence, then the magnetization of the lower beds is older than the episode of erosion that created the unconformity. |
ST-VVQ-1Van der Voo Quality Factor 1
| Definition: | Van der Voo Quality Factor 1 |
| Description: | The age of the formation must be known rather accurately. The age should be known to within a half of a geological period or within a numerical age of ± 4% for Phanerozoic data. For Precambrian rocks, the age should be known to within ± 4% or 40 Myr, whichever is smaller. |
| References: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg028i002p00167 |
ST-VVQ-2Van der Voo Quality Factor 2
| Definition: | Van der Voo Quality Factor 2 |
| Description: | There must be a sufficient number of individually oriented samples from enough sites. A minimum of 24 discrete samples of the geomagnetic field each having a κ > 10. |
| References: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg028i002p00167 |
ST-VVQ-3Van der Voo Quality Factor 3
| Definition: | Van der Voo Quality Factor 3 |
| Description: | It must be demonstrated that a coherent characteristic remanence component has been isolated by the demagnetization procedure. |
| References: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg028i002p00167 |
ST-VVQ-4Van der Voo Quality Factor 4
| Definition: | Van der Voo Quality Factor 4 |
| Description: | The age of the magnetization relative to the age of the rock should be constrained using field tests (fold test, conglomerate test, baked contact test). |
| References: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg028i002p00167 |
ST-VVQ-5Van der Voo Quality Factor 5
| Definition: | Van der Voo Quality Factor 5 |
| Description: | There should be agreement in the pole positions from units of similar age from a broad region and adequate knowledge of any structural corrections necessary. |
| References: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg028i002p00167 |
ST-VVQ-6Van der Voo Quality Factor 6
| Definition: | Van der Voo Quality Factor 6 |
| Description: | Both polarities should be represented and the two data sets should be antipodal. |
| References: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg028i002p00167 |
ST-VVQ-7Van der Voo Quality Factor 7
| Definition: | Van der Voo Quality Factor 7 |
| Description: | Pole positions should not fall on a younger part of the pole path or on the present field direction. |
| References: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg028i002p00167 |
Statistical Method
50
SM-1DFirst derivative
| Definition: | First derivative |
SM-1DMAXMaximum on first derivative
| Definition: | Maximum on first derivative |
SM-1DZEROZero on first derivative
| Definition: | Zero on first derivative |
SM-2DSecond derivative
| Definition: | Second derivative |
SM-2DMAXMaximum on second derivative
| Definition: | Maximum on second derivative |
SM-2DZEROZero on second derivative
| Definition: | Zero on second derivative |
SM-2TANTwo tangents
| Definition: | Two tangents |
SM-AVEArithmetic mean
| Definition: | Arithmetic mean |
SM-AVEDEVAverage of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
| Definition: | Average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean |
SM-BOOTBootstrap
| Definition: | Bootstrap |
SM-BOOT-67Bootstrap with 67% confidence bounds
| Definition: | Bootstrap with 67% confidence bounds |
SM-BOOT-95Bootstrap with 95% confidence bounds
| Definition: | Bootstrap with 95% confidence bounds |
SM-BOOT-PARParametric bootstrap
| Definition: | Parametric bootstrap |
SM-BOOT-PAR-67Parametric bootstrap with 67% confidence bounds
| Definition: | Parametric bootstrap with 67% confidence bounds |
SM-BOOT-PAR-95Parametric bootstrap with 95% confidence bounds
| Definition: | Parametric bootstrap with 95% confidence bounds |
SM-BSBackground subtraction
| Definition: | Background subtraction |
SM-CHITESTTest for independence
| Definition: | Test for independence |
SM-COVARCovariance
| Definition: | Covariance |
SM-DEVSQSum of squares of deviations
| Definition: | Sum of squares of deviations |
SM-DIG-GRAPHDigitization of data from diagrams and plots
| Definition: | Digitization of data from diagrams and plots |
SM-EXTExtrapolation
| Definition: | Extrapolation |
SM-EXT-LINLinear extrapolation from above critical temperature
| Definition: | Linear extrapolation from above critical temperature |
| Description: | Linear temperature dependence of inverse susceptibility above ordering temperature of ferromagnets. |
SM-EXT-NL1Non-linear extrapolation from above critical temperature
| Definition: | Non-linear extrapolation from above critical temperature |
| Description: | Hyperbolic temperature dependence of inverse susceptibility above ordering temperature of ferromagnets. |
SM-EXT-NL2Non-linear extrapolation from below critical temperature
| Definition: | Non-linear extrapolation from below critical temperature |
| Description: | Theoretical decay of Ms versus T to estimate Curie temperature. |
SM-EYEEyeball estimation
| Definition: | Eyeball estimation |
SM-FISHERFisher transformation
| Definition: | Fisher transformation |
SM-FISHER-INVInverse Fisher transformation
| Definition: | Inverse Fisher transformation |
SM-FTESTStatistical F-test
| Definition: | Statistical F-test |
SM-GEOMEANGeometric mean
| Definition: | Geometric mean |
SM-HARMEANHarmonic mean
| Definition: | Harmonic mean |
SM-INTInterpolation
| Definition: | Interpolation |
SM-KURTKurtosis
| Definition: | Kurtosis |
SM-MEDIANMedian of the given numbers
| Definition: | Median of the given numbers |
SM-MODEMost common value in a data set
| Definition: | Most common value in a data set |
SM-PEARSONPearson product moment correlation coefficient
| Definition: | Pearson product moment correlation coefficient |
SM-QUARTILEQuartile of a data set
| Definition: | Quartile of a data set |
SM-R2Correlation coefficient R2
| Definition: | Correlation coefficient R2 |
SM-REG-LINRegression: First order or linear
| Definition: | Regression: First order or linear |
SM-REG-POLYRegression: High order polynomial
| Definition: | Regression: High order polynomial |
SM-REG-QDRRegression: Second order or quadratical
| Definition: | Regression: Second order or quadratical |
SM-RSQSquare of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
| Definition: | Square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient |
SM-SKEWSkewness of a distribution
| Definition: | Skewness of a distribution |
SM-SLOPESlope of the linear regression line
| Definition: | Slope of the linear regression line |
SM-STDEVStandard deviation
| Definition: | Standard deviation |
SM-STDEV-OPT
SM-TTESTStudent's t-test
| Definition: | Student's t-test |
SM-VARVariance
| Definition: | Variance |
SM-WFCalculation of the weighting factor for site intensity average
| Definition: | Calculation of the weighting factor for site intensity average |
SM-YORKWeighted linear regression by variance
| Definition: | Weighted linear regression by variance |
SM-ZTESTZ-test
| Definition: | Z-test |
FIESTA