GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Continental Crust 47 Ag 56           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 47 Ag 70           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 47 Ag 56           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 47 Ag 52           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 47 Ag 70           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 47 Ag 80           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 14.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 13 Al 16.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 13 Al 15.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 13 Al 14.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 33 As 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 33 As 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 33 As 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 33 As 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 33 As 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 33 As 1.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 79 Au 1.3           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 79 Au 2.5           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 79 Au 1.21           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 79 Au 40           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 79 Au 3           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 79 Au 1.3           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 5 B 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 5 B 10           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 5 B 10           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 5 B 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 5 B 9.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 5 B 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 5 B 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 56 Ba 764           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 56 Ba 707           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 56 Ba 456           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 56 Ba 250           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 56 Ba 584           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 56 Ba 425           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 56 Ba 614           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 56 Ba 456           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 56 Ba 390           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 4 Be 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 4 Be 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 4 Be 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 4 Be 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 4 Be 2.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 4 Be 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.085           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.06           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 35 Br 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 35 Br 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 35 Br 0.88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 35 Br 0.88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.41           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 20 Ca 6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.08           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.08           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.08           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 58 Ce 60           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 58 Ce 60           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 58 Ce 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 58 Ce 43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 58 Ce 57           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 58 Ce 42           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 58 Ce 60           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 58 Ce 43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 17 Cl 244           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 17 Cl 179           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 17 Cl 244           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 17 Cl 472           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 17 Cl 130           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 27 Co 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 26.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 27 Co 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 27 Co 26.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 27 Co 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 27 Co 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 24 Cr 135           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 24 Cr 185           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 24 Cr 100           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 24 Cr 126           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 24 Cr 56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 24 Cr 119           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 24 Cr 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 24 Cr 135           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 24 Cr 92           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 55 Cs 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 55 Cs 3.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 55 Cs 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 55 Cs 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 55 Cs 3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 55 Cs 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 55 Cs 2.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 55           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 29 Cu 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 29 Cu 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 29 Cu 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 29 Cu 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 66 Dy 3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 68 Er 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 68 Er 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 68 Er 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 68 Er 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 68 Er 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 9 F 525           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 9 F 625           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 9 F 553           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 9 F 602           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 9 F 553           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 26 Fe 9.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.71           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 26 Fe 5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 31 Ga 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 31 Ga 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 31 Ga 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 31 Ga 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 31 Ga 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.71           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 72 Hf 3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 72 Hf 3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 72 Hf 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.08           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.03           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.009           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.04           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.03           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.77           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.77           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 67 Ho 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 53 I 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 53 I 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 53 I 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 53 I 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 49 In 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 49 In 0.052           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.037           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.037           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.1           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 19 K 1.81           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 19 K 2.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 19 K 2.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 19 K 2.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 19 K 1.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 19 K 2.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 1.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 19 K 1.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 19 K 2.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 57 La 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 57 La 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 57 La 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 57 La 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 57 La 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 57 La 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 57 La 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 57 La 31.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 3 Li 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 3 Li 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 3 Li 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 3 Li 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 3 Li 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 3 Li 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 12 Mg 5.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.66           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust   Mg# 48.3             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust   Mg# 44.8             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust   Mg# 50.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust   Mg# 54.3             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust   Mg# 50.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust   Mg# 49             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust   Mg# 55.3             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust   Mg# 50.9             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust   Mg# 47             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust   Mg# 48.7             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust   Mg# 50.9             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust   Mg# 54.3             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.11           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.18           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.09           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 42 Mo 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 42 Mo 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 42 Mo 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 7 N 60           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 7 N 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 7 N 56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 11 Na 56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 11 Na 3.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 11 Na 4.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 11 Na 4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 11 Na 3.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 41 Nb 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 41 Nb 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 41 Nb 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 41 Nb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 60 Nd 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 60 Nd 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 60 Nd 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 60 Nd 23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 60 Nd 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 60 Nd 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 60 Nd 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 60 Nd 27.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 28 Ni 56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 28 Ni 105           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 28 Ni 59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 51           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 28 Ni 54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 28 Ni 46           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 28 Ni 35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 76 Os 0.041           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 76 Os 0.041           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 15 P 0.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 15 P 0.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 15 P 0.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 15 P 0.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 15 P 0.14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 15 P 0.18           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 15 P 0.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 82 Pb 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 82 Pb 14.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 82 Pb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 82 Pb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 82 Pb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 82 Pb 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 82 Pb 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 46 Pd 1.5           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 46 Pd 0.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 46 Pd 1.5           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 46 Pd 1.74           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 46 Pd 1           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 59 Pr 8.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 59 Pr 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 59 Pr 4.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 59 Pr 4.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 59 Pr 6.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 78 Pt 1.81           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 78 Pt 0.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 78 Pt 1.5           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 78 Pt 0.5           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 37 Rb 69           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 37 Rb 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 37 Rb 78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 37 Rb 76           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 37 Rb 49           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 37 Rb 58           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 37 Rb 49           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 37 Rb 61           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 37 Rb 37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 75 Re 0.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 75 Re 0.188           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 75 Re 0.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 75 Re 0.19           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.6           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.1           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.57           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 16 S 697           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 16 S 260           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 16 S 404           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 16 S 283           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 16 S 404           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 21 Sc 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 21 Sc 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 21.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 21 Sc 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 21 Sc 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 21 Sc 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 21 Sc 21.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 34 Se 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 34 Se 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 34 Se 0.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 34 Se 0.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 34 Se 0.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 34 Se 0.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 14 Si 63.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 14 Si 60.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 14 Si 63.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 14 Si 62.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 14 Si 62.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 14 Si 60.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 14 Si 60.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 14 Si 60.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 14 Si 64.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 14 Si 64.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 14 Si 62.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 14 Si 62.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 14 Si 57.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 62 Sm 5.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 62 Sm 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.84           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 50 Sn 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 38 Sr 320           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 38 Sr 317           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 38 Sr 325           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 38 Sr 320           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 38 Sr 503           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 38 Sr 260           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 38 Sr 333           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 38 Sr 285           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 38 Sr 375           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 73 Ta 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 73 Ta 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 73 Ta 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.82           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 90 Th 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 90 Th 9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 90 Th 8.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 90 Th 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 90 Th 5.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 90 Th 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 90 Th 4.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 90 Th 9.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 90 Th 7.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.72           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.45           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.39           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.52           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.48           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 92 U 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 92 U 2.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 92 U 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 92 U 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 92 U 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 92 U 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 92 U 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 92 U 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 92 U 1.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 23 V 98           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 135           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 23 V 230           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 138           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 23 V 131           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 23 V 96           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 23 V 128           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 23 V 138           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 74 W 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 74 W 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 74 W 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 74 W 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 74 W 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 74 W 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 39 Y 17.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 39 Y 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 39 Y 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 39 Y 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 39 Y 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 39 Y 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 39 Y 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 39 Y 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 39 Y 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 70 Yb 3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 30 Zn 72           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 30 Zn 81           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 30 Zn 71           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 30 Zn 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 30 Zn 72           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 30 Zn 70           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 30 Zn 80           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 30 Zn 65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 40 Zr 203           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 40 Zr 132           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 40 Zr 123           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 40 Zr 210           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 40 Zr 132           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 40 Zr 100           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 40 Zr 165           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 40 Zr 203           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 40 Zr 175           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 80           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 51           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 65           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 47 Ag 90           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 15.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 13.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 16.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 13 Al 17.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 33 As 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 33 As 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 3.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 1.6           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 79 Au 1.58           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 5 B 3.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 7.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 5 B 8.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 5 B 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Leeman et al. 1992 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 509           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 305           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 212           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 568           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 523           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 259           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 564           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 994           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 1434           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 757           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 56 Ba 150           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 4 Be 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.038           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.037           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 35 Br 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 35 Br 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 1.58           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 8.48           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 7.68           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 9.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 10.28           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 20 Ca 6.92           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.097           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.101           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.098           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 46           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 44           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 45           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 58 Ce 23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 250           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 278           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 17 Cl 216           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 27 Co 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 168           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 145           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 123           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 219           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 133           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 215           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 276           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 490           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 178           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 24 Cr 228           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 2.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.07           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 40           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 50           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 29 Cu 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 5.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 6.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 4.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 68 Er 3.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 0.97           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.39           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 703           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 9 F 429           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 9 F 570           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.09           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.57           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 9.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 9.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.47           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 8.57           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 10.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.52           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.44           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 26 Fe 10.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 31 Ga 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 6.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.014           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.0063           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.021           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.77           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 1.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.99           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 53 I 0.14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 53 I 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.052           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Lower Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.13           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.75           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.37           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 3.41           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 3.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.47           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 19 K 1.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 57 La 9.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 57 La 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 3 Li 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 6.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.53           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 9.79           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.36           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 8.72           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 7.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 5.32           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.46           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 6.28           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 51.4             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 55.9             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 46.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 60.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 53.4             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 58.6             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 56.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 52.3             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 76.2             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 45.6             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust   Mg# 50.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 7 N 34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 7 N 34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.79           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.91           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.61           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 4.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 1.43           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 2.58           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 11 Na 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 7.75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 10           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 6.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 41 Nb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 60 Nd 13.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 347           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 58           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 141           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 99           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 156           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 28 Ni 80           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Saal et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 9.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 82 Pb 12.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 1           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 2.78           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 46 Pd 2.8           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 7.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 59 Pr 2.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 78 Pt 2.87           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 78 Pt 2.7           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 56           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 37           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 90           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 51           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 37 Rb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 75 Re 0.18           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Saal et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 75 Re 0.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.75           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 231           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 16 S 408           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 16 S 345           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 21 Sc 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 34 Se 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 53.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 54.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 52           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 53.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 49.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 58.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 62.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 59.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 52.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 14 Si 62.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.65           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 6.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 5.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 62 Sm 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 230           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 308           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 352           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 348           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 569           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 354           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 712           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 286           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 518           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 38 Sr 447           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.48           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.81           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.48           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.72           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 5.74           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 2.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.42           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 0.49           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 6.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 5.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 90 Th 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.95           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.85           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.97           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 1.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.66           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.93           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 92 U 0.53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 139           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 100           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 217           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 140           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 189           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 185           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 23 V 271           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 149           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 23 V 196           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see table notes Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.51           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 40           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 3.19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 0.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 89           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 85           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 102           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 30 Zn 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 206           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 180           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 202           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 127           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 68           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 165           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 162           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 70           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 40 Zr 114           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 47 Ag 48           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 47 Ag 48           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 15.96           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 14.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 16.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 15   1       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 13 Al 16.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 33 As 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 33 As 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 79 Au 0.66           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 79 Au 0.66           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 5 B 3.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 5 B 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 5 B 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 56 Ba 661           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 56 Ba 713           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 56 Ba 532   183       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 56 Ba 402           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 56 Ba 1376           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 4 Be 2.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 4 Be 2.29           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 2.96           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.25           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.27           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.25   0.01       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.061           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.061           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 58 Ce 53   11       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 58 Ce 60.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 58 Ce 45           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 58 Ce 69           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 58 Ce 42.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 17 Cl 182           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 17 Cl 182           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 22   5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 27 Co 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 24 Cr 76   10       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 24 Cr 69           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 24 Cr 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 24 Cr 43           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 24 Cr 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 55 Cs 0.98           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 55 Cs 2.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 55 Cs 1.96           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 55 Cs 2.2   0.3       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 29 Cu 26   8       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 66 Dy 1.54           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 68 Er 2.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 68 Er 2.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.4   0.2       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 63 Eu 0.78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 9 F 524           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 9 F 524           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 26 Fe 2.72           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.02   0.8       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 26 Fe 3.27           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.45           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 31 Ga 17.5   0.7       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 72 Hf 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.4   0.6       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 72 Hf 3.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.0079           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.0079           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.82           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.82           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 3.36           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.52           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 19 K 2.3   0.3       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 57 La 30.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 57 La 36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 57 La 24   10       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 57 La 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 57 La 22.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 3 Li 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 3 Li 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 3 Li 12   6       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 3 Li 20.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.4   0.06       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 12 Mg 1.27           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.59   0.1       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 12 Mg 1.43           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.67           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust   Mg# 45.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust   Mg# 48.6             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust   Mg# 54.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust   Mg# 43.8             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust   Mg# 51.5             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.03           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.11           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1   0       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 11 Na 3.55           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 11 Na 3.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 11 Na 3.48           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 11 Na 5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 11 Na 3.39   0.1       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 10   2       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 41 Nb 8.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 60 Nd 18.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 60 Nd 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 60 Nd 26.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 60 Nd 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 60 Nd 25   2       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 33.5   0.7       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 28 Ni 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 15 P 0.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 15 P 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 15 P 0.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 15 P 0.14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 15 P 0.15   0.06       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 82 Pb 9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 82 Pb 15.2   0.2       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 82 Pb 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 82 Pb 15.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 82 Pb 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 46 Pd 0.76           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 46 Pd 0.76           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 59 Pr 5.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 59 Pr 5.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 78 Pt 0.85           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 78 Pt 0.85           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 37 Rb 92           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 37 Rb 62           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 37 Rb 74           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 37 Rb 65   4       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 37 Rb 67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 16 S 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 16 S 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 21 Sc 19   5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 34 Se 0.064           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 34 Se 0.064           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 14 Si 63.5   2       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 14 Si 64.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 14 Si 62.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 14 Si 69.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 14 Si 68.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.74           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.6   0.2       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 62 Sm 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 38 Sr 283           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 38 Sr 281           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 38 Sr 465           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 38 Sr 282   1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 38 Sr 580           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 73 Ta 1.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6   0.04       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.55           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.76           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.41           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.58           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.7   0.1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 90 Th 6.84           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 90 Th 6.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 90 Th 6.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 90 Th 8.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 90 Th 6.5   0.5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.31           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.69   0.04       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.67           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.72           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 92 U 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 92 U 0.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 92 U 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 92 U 1.02           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 92 U 1.3   0.4       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 46           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 118           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 95           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 23 V 107   16       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 74 W 0.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 39 Y 20   4       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 39 Y 9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 39 Y 16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 39 Y 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 39 Y 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 0.76           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 0.63           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2   0.09       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 30 Zn 69.5   0.7       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 30 Zn 69           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 30 Zn 70           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 30 Zn 50           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 40 Zr 149   34       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 40 Zr 173           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 40 Zr 125           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 40 Zr 193           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Middle Continental Crust 40 Zr 129           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Upper Continental Crust 47 Ag 55           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 47 Ag 50           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 47 Ag 53           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 47 Ag 55           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 47 Ag 53   3       ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.05           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4   0.75       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 16.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.05           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.14           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.27           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 16.63           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 14.17           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.84           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 13 Al 15.53           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 33 As 4.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 33 As 4.8   0.5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 33 As 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 33 As 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 33 As 4.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 33 As 5.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.81           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.24           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.8           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.5   0.4       ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 79 Au 1.5           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 5 B 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 5 B 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 5 B 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 5 B 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 5 B 9.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 5 B 17   8       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 56 Ba 668           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 56 Ba 550           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 56 Ba 678           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 56 Ba 633           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 56 Ba 624           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 56 Ba 628   83       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 56 Ba 1070           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 56 Ba 730           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 4 Be 2.1   0.9       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 4 Be 1.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 4 Be 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 4 Be 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 4 Be 1.95           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 4 Be 3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.123           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.16   0.06       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.16           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.035           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 83 Bi 0.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 35 Br 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 35 Br 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 35 Br 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.23           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.18           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 5.45           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.91           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.44           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.24           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 4.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 20 Ca 3.59   0.2       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.09   0.01       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.079           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.098           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.102           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 48 Cd 0.075           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 58 Ce 65.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 58 Ce 66.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 58 Ce 57.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 58 Ce 64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 58 Ce 65.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 58 Ce 63           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 58 Ce 63   4       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 17 Cl 640           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 17 Cl 370   382       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 17 Cl 142           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 17 Cl 370           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 17 Cl 100           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17.3   0.6       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 27 Co 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 24 Cr 112           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 24 Cr 76           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 24 Cr 35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 24 Cr 92   17       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 24 Cr 35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 24 Cr 85           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 24 Cr 80           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 24 Cr 92           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 55 Cs 4.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 55 Cs 4.9   1.5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 55 Cs 5.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 55 Cs 4.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 55 Cs 73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 55 Cs 3.55           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 28           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 25           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 28   4       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 29 Cu 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 66 Dy 2.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 66 Dy 3.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 66 Dy 2.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 68 Er 2.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 68 Er 2.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 68 Er 2.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 63 Eu 0.88           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 63 Eu 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 63 Eu 1   0.1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 63 Eu 1.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 63 Eu 0.937           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 63 Eu 0.95           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 9 F 561           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 9 F 611           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 9 F 557           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 9 F 500           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 9 F 557   56       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 4.09           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 4.76           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 7.26           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.78           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 4.4           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 4.94           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 6.99           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 4.09           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 4.49           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.04   0.53       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 26 Fe 5.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 31 Ga 17.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 31 Ga 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 31 Ga 17.5   0.7       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 31 Ga 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 31 Ga 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 31 Ga 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4   0.3       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.34           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4   0.1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 32 Ge 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 72 Hf 5.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 72 Hf 4.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 72 Hf 5.12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 72 Hf 5.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 72 Hf 5.3   0.7       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 72 Hf 5.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 72 Hf 5.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.056           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.05   0.04       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.0123           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 80 Hg 0.096           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.62           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 67 Ho 0.62           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 53 I 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 53 I 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 53 I 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 49 In 0.056           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 49 In 0.056   0.008       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 49 In 0.061           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 49 In 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.022           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Peucker-Eherenbrink & Jahn 2001 Upper Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.02           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.022           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.02           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 77 Ir 0.022   0.007       ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.39           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.76           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.99           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.91           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.01           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.68           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.01           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 4.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 3.19           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 19 K 2.8   0.23       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 57 La 71           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 57 La 31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 57 La 32.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 57 La 30           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 57 La 34.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 57 La 31   3       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 57 La 32.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 57 La 28.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 3 Li 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 3 Li 20           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 3 Li 24   5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 3 Li 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 3 Li 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 3 Li 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.233           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.35           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.31   0.05       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 71 Lu 0.31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.45           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.48   0.35       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.47           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.48           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.62           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.01           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 2.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 4.59           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 12 Mg 3.56           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 46.9             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 4             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 46.7             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 50.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 46.7             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 50.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 47.4             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 48.7             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 53             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 46.6             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 48.1             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust   Mg# 47.9             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.08           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 25 Mn 0.1   0.01       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 42 Mo 1.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Upper Continental Crust 42 Mo 0.78           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 42 Mo 1.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 42 Mo 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 42 Mo 1.1   0.3       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 42 Mo 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 7 N 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 7 N 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 7 N 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.56           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.55           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.27   0.48       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.89           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.56           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 2.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.21           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.27           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 2.86           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.29           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.92           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 3.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 11 Na 2.81           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12   1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 13.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 41 Nb 9.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 60 Nd 27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 60 Nd 27   2       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 60 Nd 26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 60 Nd 30.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 60 Nd 25.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 60 Nd 25.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 44           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 47   11       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 19           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 60           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 28 Ni 47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 76 Os 0.031           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Peucker-Eherenbrink & Jahn 2001 Upper Continental Crust 76 Os 0.031           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 76 Os 0.031   0.009       ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 76 Os 0.05           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.23             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.31             Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.16           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.23           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.15           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 15 P 0.15   0.02       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 82 Pb 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 82 Pb 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 82 Pb 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 82 Pb 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 82 Pb 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 82 Pb 18           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 82 Pb 17           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 82 Pb 17   0.5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 46 Pd 0.52           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 46 Pd 0.52   0.02       ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 46 Pd 0.5           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 46 Pd 1.46           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 46 Pd 0.52           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Peucker-Eherenbrink & Jahn 2001 Upper Continental Crust 59 Pr 7.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 59 Pr 6.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 59 Pr 7.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 59 Pr 7.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 78 Pt 0.5           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 78 Pt 0.51           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Peucker-Eherenbrink & Jahn 2001 Upper Continental Crust 78 Pt 0.5   0.5       ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 37 Rb 82           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 37 Rb 112           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 37 Rb 84           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 37 Rb 110           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 37 Rb 83           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 37 Rb 85           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 37 Rb 84   17       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 37 Rb 110           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 75 Re 0.198           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 75 Re 0.4           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 75 Re 0.198           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Peucker-Eherenbrink & Jahn 2001 Upper Continental Crust 75 Re 0.198           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.34           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.34   0.02       ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 44 Ru 0.34           ng/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Peucker-Eherenbrink & Jahn 2001 Upper Continental Crust 16 S 309           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 16 S 953           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 16 S 621           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 16 S 600           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 16 S 62   33       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.4   0.1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 51 Sb 0.45           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 14           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 12           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 14   0.9       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 13.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 13.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 21 Sc 7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 34 Se 0.083           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 34 Se 0.05           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 34 Se 0.15           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 34 Se 0.09   0.05       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 34 Se 0.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 65.89           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 67.12           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 62.22           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 66.62           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 67.97           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 64.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 60.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 60.3           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 66.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 67           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 66.2           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 66.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 14 Si 66.6   1.18       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.7   0.3       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 62 Sm 5.09           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 62 Sm 4.61           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 50 Sn 1.73           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.1   0.5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 50 Sn 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 50 Sn 5.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 38 Sr 289           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 38 Sr 316           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 38 Sr 380           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 38 Sr 320   46       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 38 Sr 316           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 38 Sr 320           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 38 Sr 266           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 38 Sr 350           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 73 Ta 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 73 Ta 1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.96           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.74           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.79           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 73 Ta 5.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.9   0.1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 73 Ta 0.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.64           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.82           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.66           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.481           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 65 Tb 0.7   0.1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 90 Th 8.95           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 90 Th 8.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 90 Th 10.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 90 Th 10.5   1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 90 Th 10.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 90 Th 10.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 90 Th 10.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 90 Th 10.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.64   0.08       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.83           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.67           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.55           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.57           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.56           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 1.55           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.9   0.5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.524           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.33           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 69 Tm 0.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 92 U 2.45           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 92 U 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 92 U 1.55           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 92 U 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 92 U 2.7   0.6       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 92 U 2.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 92 U 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 92 U 2.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 98           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 107           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 97   11       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 23 V 97           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 53           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 59           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 23 V 86           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 74 W 0.91           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 74 W 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Sims et al. 1990 Upper Continental Crust 74 W 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 74 W 1.9   1       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 74 W 1.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 74 W 1.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 39 Y 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 39 Y 17.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 39 Y 22           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 39 Y 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 39 Y 21   2       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 39 Y 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 39 Y 24           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 39 Y 21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.47           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.91           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.96   0.4       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 1.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 70 Yb 2.2           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 30 Zn 67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 30 Zn 52           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 30 Zn 60           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 30 Zn 67   6       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 30 Zn 52           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 30 Zn 71           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 30 Zn 70           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 40 Zr 237           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Shaw et al. 1976 Upper Continental Crust 40 Zr 190           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Eade and Fahrig 1973 Upper Continental Crust 40 Zr 193   28       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 40 Zr 237           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 40 Zr 190           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 40 Zr 188           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 40 Zr 193           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 40 Zr 160           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993