GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Seawater 64 Gd 6e-06             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 64 Gd 0.0007           ppb Li 1982 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.001           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.004           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.004           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Rivers 64 Gd 0.008           ppb Li 1982 Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.016           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.042           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.052           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.052           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.079           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Chassigny Meteorite 64 Gd 0.11           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 64 Gd 0.14           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.1966           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.204   0.0102       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.205           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 0.244   0.013     16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.25           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 64 Gd 0.26   0.03     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.293           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.324           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle 64 Gd 0.324           ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 64 Gd 0.33   0.21     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Solar System 64 Gd 0.33   0.00462     4   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 64 Gd 0.331             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Depleted Mantle 64 Gd 0.358     0.332 0.379   ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Solid Earth 64 Gd 0.37           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 64 Gd 0.37           µg/g McDonough 1998 Depleted Mantle 64 Gd 0.395   0.0395       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle 64 Gd 0.397           ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Allende Meteorite 64 Gd 0.42           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Solar System 64 Gd 0.42             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.44           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.459           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.459           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.47           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1998 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.5           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.506           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.5128           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.5128           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.513           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.54           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Oceans Surface water 64 Gd 0.54           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.54           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.54           µg/g McDonough 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.543           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.584           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.595           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Spinel Peridotites 64 Gd 0.6 0.31 0.83     67 ppm McDonough 1990 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.605           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.67           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Stachel et al. 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.673           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.718           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.74           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.74           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Olivine Chondrules 64 Gd 0.75     0.46 1.1 3 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Seawater 64 Gd 0.8           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 Oceans Deep water 64 Gd 0.82           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 Nakhla Meteorite 64 Gd 0.86   0.08       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 64 Gd 0.92           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Boninites 64 Gd 0.92         55 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Komatiites 64 Gd 0.96           ppm Condie 1993 Core 64 Gd 0           µg/g McDonough 1998 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 0           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Sandstones 64 Gd 1.04           ppm Condie 1993 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 1.08   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 Solar Photosphere 64 Gd 1.12   0.04         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Photosphere 64 Gd 1.12   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Granites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.15         8   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.25             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Seawater 64 Gd 1.3             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 1.35   0.033     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 1.4           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.47         8   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Middle Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.5             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.5           ppm Kerr 2004 Sandstones 64 Gd 1.52           ppm Condie 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.58           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.61             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.65             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 1.68           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Lower Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.7             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.85         6   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Radiolarites 64 Gd 1.85         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.87           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Radiolarites 64 Gd 1.9           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 ALHA 81101 Urelite 64 Gd 10.4           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 Orangeite 64 Gd 11.4         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Brown Clay 64 Gd 11.65         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts 64 Gd 12         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Brown Clay 64 Gd 12.28         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Philip Trench 64 Gd 12.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALHA 77257 Urelite 64 Gd 12.4           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 Australian Granite 64 Gd 12.4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Marine Apatites 64 Gd 12.8         13 ppm Altschuller 1980 Kapoeta Howardites 64 Gd 1250           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Moore County Eucrite 64 Gd 1260           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Marine Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 13           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Rankin & Glasby 1979 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 13         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 MAC 88177 Lodranite 64 Gd 130           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Kerm Trench 64 Gd 16.32           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 19.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   Ti/Gd 1937             Salters & Stracke 2004 Orgueil Chondrite 64 Gd 196         5 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 196.6   2.75     4 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 197           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 197   9.259     6 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982 Evensen et al. 1978 Ibitira Eucrite 64 Gd 1970           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 199           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 64 Gd 199         7 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 64 Gd 2.07         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.07           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.09           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 2.16   0.282     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 64 Gd 2.2         8 ppm Hart et al. 1999 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 2.2         355 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.23           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Aleutian Basalts 64 Gd 2.28         12 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Diatom Oozes & Clay 64 Gd 2.29         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Sandwich Trench 64 Gd 2.29           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 64 Gd 2.3           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 64 Gd 2.3     0.84 3.8 5 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Chert 64 Gd 2.33         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Granites 64 Gd 2.34         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.36           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 N-MORB 64 Gd 2.44           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Carbonate Turbidites 64 Gd 2.5         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Congo River Particulates 64 Gd 2.5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.52           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Shergotty Meteorite 64 Gd 2.54   0.26       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nano Ooze 64 Gd 2.59         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate 64 Gd 2.63         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 2.667   0.274     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.67           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002 Granites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 2.72             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Precambrian Canadian Shield 64 Gd 2.79           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.8           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.85           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 New Hebrides Islands 64 Gd 2.86         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Nanno Ooze 64 Gd 2.865         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.87           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000 Radiolarites 64 Gd 2.93         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.94           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Lesser Antilles Basalt 64 Gd 2.98         45 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 2.98           ppm Condie 1993 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.99           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997 Novo-Urei Ureilite 64 Gd 20   2       ppb Boynton et al. 1976 Depleted D-MORB basalts   Ti/Gd 2020             Salters & Stracke 2004 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 204   10.2       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 204           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 Sioux County Eucrite 64 Gd 2070           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Macibini Eucrites 64 Gd 2300           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b Johnstown Diogenite 64 Gd 240           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Havero Urelite 64 Gd 25           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Gibson Lodranite 64 Gd 260           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Hydrothermal Sediment 64 Gd 27.91         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 29.2           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 29.2         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Arcs 64 Gd 3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Rifted Continental Margins 64 Gd 3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Central America Trench 64 Gd 3.04           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 64 Gd 3.05         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.06 2.71       63 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Greater Antilles Basalt 64 Gd 3.09         6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.1 2.8       18 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Island Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.1         134 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Melitite-rich Chondrules 64 Gd 3.1     2.2 4 10 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.14           ppm Condie 1991 Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Basalts 64 Gd 3.26           ppm Condie 1993 Andaman Trench 64 Gd 3.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.3           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 3.3         355   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.32         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kamchatka Trench 64 Gd 3.33           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 64 Gd 3.34           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Scotia Island Basalt 64 Gd 3.34         15 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 3.35           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Andesites 64 Gd 3.37         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Cascade Basalt 64 Gd 3.37         11 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Chert 64 Gd 3.37         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Luzon Basalt 64 Gd 3.38         8 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.39           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Active Continental Rifts 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Peninsular Range Batholith 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 North Atlantic Ocean Surface Water 64 Gd 3.41             Bruland 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1983 Central American Basalts 64 Gd 3.46         29 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.46           ppm Kerr 2004 Reynaud et al. 1999 Early Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.47           ppm Condie 1993 Marianas Basalt 64 Gd 3.47         36 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 64 Gd 3.49           ppm Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Kamchatka Basalt 64 Gd 3.49         41 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Tongan Basalts 64 Gd 3.49         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 N-MORB 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996 Basalts 64 Gd 3.53         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.54           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Continental Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.55         107 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Basalts 64 Gd 3.57           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.58           ppm Condie 1993 Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.58 3.26       71 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Late Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.58           ppm Condie 1993 Zeolite Clay 64 Gd 3.59         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gergoire et al. 2002 Island Arcs 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Rifted Continental Margins 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Alaska Trench 64 Gd 3.61           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 64 Gd 3.61         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 64 Gd 3.65           ppm Staudigel et al. 1996 Turbidites 64 Gd 3.67         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Graywackes 64 Gd 3.69           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 3.69           ppm Condie 1993 Active Continental Rifts 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Staudigel et al. 1995 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.71         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Late Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.74           ppm Condie 1993 Diatome Clay 64 Gd 3.8         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Paleozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Basalts 64 Gd 3.84           ppm Condie 1993 Peru Trench 64 Gd 3.85           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Sediment 64 Gd 3.89         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 3.91         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Vanuatu Trench 64 Gd 3.91           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.92         26 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Silicified Limestone 64 Gd 3.93           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 N-MORB 64 Gd 3.97           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 EET 84302 Acapulcoite 64 Gd 310           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Manganese Nodules 64 Gd 32           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Haynes et al. 1986 Interlayered Clay & Chert 64 Gd 33.72         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3300           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Y-74450 Eucrites 64 Gd 3400           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Binda Eucrite 64 Gd 355           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Primitive Mantle   Ti/Gd 36             Gao et al. 1998 Hofmann 1988 Tonga Trench 64 Gd 38.22           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite 64 Gd 4         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Felsic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4 2.7       32 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Greywackes 64 Gd 4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 64 Gd 4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4   0.3       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Basalts 64 Gd 4.01           ppm Condie 1993 Sumatra Trench 64 Gd 4.01           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 800 64 Gd 4.02           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts 64 Gd 4.03           ppm Condie 1993 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 64 Gd 4.04         27 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 4.09         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 4.09           ppm Condie 1993 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Andesites 64 Gd 4.14           ppm Condie 1993 Diatome Ooze 64 Gd 4.14         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.14           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Andesites 64 Gd 4.15           ppm Condie 1993 Marianas Trench 64 Gd 4.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonalites 64 Gd 4.2           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.21           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 4.22           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.26           ppm Condie 1993 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 4.26   0.041     42 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 4.264   0.174     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.3           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 QUE 94201 Meteorite 64 Gd 4.3           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Aleutian Trench 64 Gd 4.31           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 64 Gd 4.32           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993 DSDP/ODP Site 801 64 Gd 4.37           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.37           ppm Condie 1993 Diatome Mud 64 Gd 4.38         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 64 Gd 4.4           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Green Clay 64 Gd 4.4         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4.4 3.5       24 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.45           ppm Condie 1993 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 64 Gd 4.5         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.51           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 4.52           ppm Condie 1993 Cascadia Trench 64 Gd 4.53           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Clastic Turbidites 64 Gd 4.53         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 64 Gd 4.54           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 4.54           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 64 Gd 4.55           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 64 Gd 4.59           ppm Condie 1993 Oceanic Crust 64 Gd 4.6           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 64 Gd 4.6     4.5 4.6 2 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Andesites 64 Gd 4.65           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 64 Gd 4.67           ppm Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 4.67           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 4.69         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Paleozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.71           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.72           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.72           ppm Condie 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.76           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Andes Basalt 64 Gd 4.79         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.81           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.85           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.87           ppm Condie 1993 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4.9 4.1       20 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.92           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.92           ppm Condie 1993 Post-Archean Terrrains 64 Gd 4.93           ppm Condie 1991 Andesites 64 Gd 4.94           ppm Condie 1993 Stannern Eucrite 64 Gd 4010           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Serra De Mage Eucrite 64 Gd 407           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Upper Continental Crust   Ti/Gd 41             Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 41.44         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ryuku Trench 64 Gd 45.75           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Goalpara Ureilite 64 Gd 5   1       ppb Boynton et al. 1976 River Particulates 64 Gd 5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Japan Trench 64 Gd 5.03           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kuriles Trench 64 Gd 5.03           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Paleozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.04           ppm Condie 1993 N-MORB 64 Gd 5.077   1.853     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 North Antilles Trench 64 Gd 5.09           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Granites 64 Gd 5.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.11           ppm Condie 1993 Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.11         11 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nankai Trench 64 Gd 5.13           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.13         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 64 Gd 5.17           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.19           ppm Condie 1993 Marine Shales 64 Gd 5.2           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Haskin & Haskin 1966 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 64 Gd 5.2           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 64 Gd 5.22           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.24           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.24           ppm Condie 1993 E-MORB 64 Gd 5.26           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Subducted Sediment 64 Gd 5.26   2.04       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 East Sunda Trench 64 Gd 5.27           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mekong River Particulates 64 Gd 5.3           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.32         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.32         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Izu-Bonin Trench 64 Gd 5.46           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mafic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 5.5 3.9       16 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Peninsular Range Batholith   (Gd/Yb)(N) 5.51             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Basalts 64 Gd 5.56         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Shales 64 Gd 5.6           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 5.72           ppm Condie 1993 Silty Mud 64 Gd 5.77         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 5.8           ppm Condie 1993 North Pacific Ocean Deep Water 64 Gd 5.8             Bruland 1983 Masuda & Ikeuchi 1979 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.8         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.8         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Granulites 64 Gd 5.88 3.46       99 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 544   54.4       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 544   54.4       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 571           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 571   57.1       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Marine Shales 64 Gd 6         36 ppm Altschuller 1980 Hermann 1970 Seawater 64 Gd 6     3.4 7.2     Bruland 1983 Basalts 64 Gd 6.08         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Garonne River Particulates 64 Gd 6.1           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 6.22           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Johnson et al. 1996 Java Trench 64 Gd 6.23           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Antilles Trench 64 Gd 6.36           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 6.53           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 6.56         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Ashy Clay 64 Gd 6.73         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts 64 Gd 6.75         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 6.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 6.88 7.2       15 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 6.9 4.7       21 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Basalts 64 Gd 6.92         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 64 Gd 6.97         27 ppm Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Rio Negro River   Ti/Gd 68.5             Godfrey et al. 1996 Kolymar River   Ti/Gd 68.9             Godfrey et al. 1996 Aldan River   Ti/Gd 69.6             Godfrey et al. 1996 Basalts 64 Gd 7.09         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 North Atlantic Ocean Deep Water 64 Gd 7.19             Bruland 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1983 Granulites 64 Gd 7.2 4.12       63 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Makran Trench 64 Gd 7.23           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite 64 Gd 7.52         6 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Granites 64 Gd 7.63           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 7.7 4.4       7 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Basalts 64 Gd 7.75         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Marine Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 7.8           ppm Li 1982 Piper 1974 Ferruginous Clay 64 Gd 7.88         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lena River   Ti/Gd 72.2             Godfrey et al. 1996 Metalliferous Clay 64 Gd 73.33         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Solimoes River   Ti/Gd 73.4             Godfrey et al. 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 78.8           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Basalts 64 Gd 8.03         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Granites 64 Gd 8.17           ppm Condie 1993 Mexico Trench 64 Gd 8.19           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts 64 Gd 8.43         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 8.43         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 8.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Parguaza River   Ti/Gd 81.2             Godfrey et al. 1996 Frankfort Howardites 64 Gd 860           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 9.13         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Orinoco River   Ti/Gd 91.4             Godfrey et al. 1996 Apure River   Ti/Gd 93.8             Godfrey et al. 1996 Garnet Peridotites 64 Gd   0.35         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Island Arc Andesite 64 Gd             ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Marine Apatites 64 Gd       4 20 13 ppm Altschuller 1980 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 64 Gd   0.304         ppm McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd   0.595         ppm McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Spinel Peridotites 64 Gd   0.31         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990