GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

GERM Database Search Results        
Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s)
Amphibolites 81 Tl 0.21         189 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Angra dos Reis Angrite 81 Tl 0.86           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Arenaceous Rocks 81 Tl 0.66         121 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Arenaceous Rocks 81 Tl 0.58         2754 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Bereba Eucrite 81 Tl 0.31           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Bialystok Howardite 81 Tl 0.57           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Carbonates 81 Tl 0.14         2038 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Carbonates 81 Tl 0.37         50 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Rb/Tl 145             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Rb/Tl 142             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Rb/Tl 177             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Rb/Tl 178             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Rb/Tl 174             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Rb/Tl 146             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton   Rb/Tl 245             Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.41           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 4.38           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.38           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.34           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.52           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.42           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.27           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.25           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.39           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Central East China Craton 81 Tl 0.47           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Chassigny Achondrite 81 Tl 3.7           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Treiman et al. 1986
CI Chondrites 81 Tl 142   13.4     18 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989
CI Chondrites 81 Tl 140           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
CI Chondrites 81 Tl 140           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988
CI Chondrites 81 Tl 142           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988
CI Chondrites 81 Tl 142           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Anders & Ebihara 1982
CI Chondrites 81 Tl 0.81   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004
Constantinople Eucrite 81 Tl 1.97           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Continental Crust 81 Tl 520           ppb Wedepohl 1995
Continental Crust 81 Tl 360           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
Continental Crust 81 Tl 360           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004
Core 81 Tl 0.03           µg/g McDonough 1998
Depleted Mantle 81 Tl 0.38           ppb Salters & Stracke 2004
Diorite 81 Tl 0.3         260 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Dyalpur Ureilite 81 Tl 3.9           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
East China Craton 81 Tl 0.38           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Granulites 81 Tl 0.26         137 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Felsic Volcanics 81 Tl 0.32         972 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Frankfort Howardite 81 Tl 0.51           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Goalpara Ureilite 81 Tl 2.2           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
Granites 81 Tl 0.79         1226 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Granites 81 Tl 0.74         402 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Havero Ureilite 81 Tl 2.6           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
Havero Ureilite Vein Metal 81 Tl 96           ppb Janssens et al. 1987
Igneous Rocks 81 Tl 0.08           ppb Morgan et al. 1978
Interior North China Craton 81 Tl 0.36           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 81 Tl 0.39           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 81 Tl 0.32           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 81 Tl 0.16           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Interior North China Craton 81 Tl 0.31           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Intermediate Granulites 81 Tl 0.22         136 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Intra Stellar Medium 81 Tl 1.27   0.381         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996
Jonzac Eucrite 81 Tl 1.16           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite 81 Tl 0.75           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite 81 Tl 0.75           ppb Morgan et al. 1978 Laul et al. 1972
Juvinas Eucrite 81 Tl 1.1           ppb Morgan et al. 1978
Kapoeta Howardite 81 Tl 27           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Kapoeta Howardite 81 Tl 52           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Kenna Ureilite 81 Tl 0.062         1 ppb Janssens et al. 1987
Kenna Ureilite Vein Metal 81 Tl 0.35           ppb Janssens et al. 1987
Lafayette Nakhlite 81 Tl 7.2           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Lower Continental Crust 81 Tl 230           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
Lower Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.26           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Mafic Granulites 81 Tl 0.12         128 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Mafic Intrusions 81 Tl 0.25         308 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Manganese Nodules 81 Tl 150           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988
Marine Organisms 81 Tl 0.2           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979

Marine Pelagic Clay 81 Tl 0.8           ppm Li 1982
Marine Pelagic Clay 81 Tl 1.8           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Baturin 1988
Marine Shales 81 Tl 1.2           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961
Marowsky & Wedepohl 1971
Mavic Volcanics 81 Tl 0.27         632 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Metafelsic Volcanics 81 Tl 0.31         41 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Molteno Howardite 81 Tl 4.3           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Nakhla Nakhlite 81 Tl 3.1           ppb Laul et al. 1972
North American Shale Composite (NASC) 81 Tl 0.41           ppb Morgan et al. 1978
North Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.27           ppm Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.45           ppm Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.86           ppm Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.77           ppm Gao et al. 1998
North Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.54           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Novo-Urei Ureilite 81 Tl 0.38           ppb Janssens et al. 1987 Higuchi et al. 1976
Oceans Surface water 81 Tl       11 13   ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Orgueil Chondrite 81 Tl 143         12 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982
Orgueil Chondrite 81 Tl 143         12 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989
Pelites 81 Tl 0.66         1341 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Pelites 81 Tl 0.54         69 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Pesyanoe Aubrite 81 Tl 2200           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Pesyanoe Aubrite 81 Tl 90           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Precambrian Canadian Shield 81 Tl 499           ppb Shaw et al. 1986
Precambrian Canadian Shield 81 Tl 524           ppb Shaw et al. 1986
Primitive Mantle 81 Tl 3.5   1.4       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
Primitive Mantle 81 Tl 3           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Hertogen et al. 1980
Seawater 81 Tl 12           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983
Seawater 81 Tl 60             Bruland 1983
Seawater 81 Tl 14             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987
Seawater 81 Tl 0.01           ppb Li 1982
Seawater 81 Tl 6e-05             Broeker & Peng 1982
Seawater 81 Tl       12 16   ng/kg Flegal & Patterson 1985
Sera de Mage Eucrite 81 Tl 0.12           ppb Morgan et al. 1978 Laul et al. 1972
Sera de Mage Eucrite 81 Tl 0.03           ppb Morgan et al. 1978
Sera de Mage Eucrite 81 Tl 0.12           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Shergotty Shergottite 81 Tl 13.4           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Silicate Earth 81 Tl 3.5   1.4       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995
Silicate Earth 81 Tl 0.004           µg/g McDonough 1998
Sioux County Eucrite 81 Tl 0.2           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Solar Photosphere 81 Tl 0.9   0.2         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998
Solar Photosphere 81 Tl 0.9   0.2         Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solar System 81 Tl 0.81   0.486         Palme & Jones 2004
Solar System 81 Tl 0.19             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982
Solar System 81 Tl 0.184   0.017296     18   Anders & Ebihara 1982
Solar System 81 Tl 0.184   0.0173     18   Anders & Grevesse 1989
Solid Earth 81 Tl 0.012           µg/g McDonough 1998
Solid Earth 81 Tl 0.012           ppm McDonough 2004
South Margin of North China Craton 81 Tl 0.39           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 81 Tl 0.41           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 81 Tl 0.35           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 81 Tl 0.36           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Margin of North China Craton 81 Tl 0.32           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.41           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.41           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.27           ppm Gao et al. 1998
South Qinling Belt in China 81 Tl 0.38           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Spinel Peridotites 81 Tl 1.2 0.9 1     13 ppb McDonough 1990
Stannern Trend Eucrites 81 Tl 24           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Stannern Trend Eucrites 81 Tl 0.58           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 81 Tl 0.35         553 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 81 Tl 0.49         641 ppm Gao et al. 1998
Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 750           ppb Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.75           ppm Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 1           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981
Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.524           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967
Shaw et al. 1976
Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.9           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004
Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985
Taylor & McLennan 1995
Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.9   0.5       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text








Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 0.75           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995
Upper Continental Crust 81 Tl 1.55           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998
Washougal Howardite 81 Tl 1.8           ppb Laul et al. 1972
Yangtze Craton 81 Tl 0.44           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 81 Tl 0.52           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 81 Tl 0.23           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 81 Tl 0.47           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Yangtze Craton 81 Tl 0.7           ppm Gao et al. 1998
Zagami Shergottite 81 Tl 11           ppb Laul et al. 1972
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