| Code |
Method Type |
IAGA7 |
URL |
Description |
|
| LP-AN |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Anisotropy measurement. |
| LP-AN-ARM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Anisotropy measurement: ARM acquisition. Measure of anisotropy of anhysteretic susceptibility (AAS) via ARM acquisition (AARM). A fully demagnetized specimen is subject to ARM in three to fifteen (tensor) directions while being demagnetized after each of the ARM steps in the direction of the next ARM. McCabe et al. 1985. |
| LP-AN-IRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Anisotropy measurement: IRM acquisition. |
| LP-AN-MS |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Anisotropy measurement: Magnetic susceptibility. Susceptibility measured in multiple positions to determine susceptibility tensor. |
| LP-AN-TRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Anisotropy measurement: TRM acquisition. Collinson 1983. |
| LP-ARM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
ARM Acquisition. |
| LP-ARM-AFD |
Lab Protocol |
|
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ARM Acquisition: AF demagnetization. |
| LP-BCR |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Coercivity of remanence. |
| LP-BCR-BF |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Coercivity of remanence: Back field method. Application of progressively larger DC fields to an sIRM to determine the field required to reduce it to zero.. Wohlfarth 1958. |
| LP-BCR-CAD |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Coercivity of remanence: Crossing of ascending / descending loops. Field at which ascending loop (after subtraction of Mr) crosses the descending loop.. Tauxe et al. 1996. |
| LP-BCR-HDM |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Coercivity of remanence: Half delta M. Field at which difference between ascending and descending hysteresis loops is half the magnitude of the zero field crossings.. Jackson et al. 1990. |
| LP-CW-NRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Cycling between cooling and warming: Room temperature NRM. Variable temperature measurement sequence (e.g. in QD-MPMS) with magnetization measurements while cooling and rewarming. |
| LP-CW-SIRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Cycling between cooling and warming: Room temperature SIRM. Variable temperature measurement sequence (e.g. in QD-MPMS) with magnetization measurements while cooling and rewarming. |
| LP-DC0 |
Lab Protocol |
DC0 |
LINK |
No demagnetization carried out but only NRM values reported. McElhinny & McFadden 2000. |
| LP-DC1 |
Lab Protocol |
DC1 |
LINK |
Pilot demagnetizations on some samples suggest stability but only NRM values reported. McElhinny & McFadden 2000. |
| LP-DC2 |
Lab Protocol |
DC2 |
LINK |
Bulk demagnetization carried out on all samples but no vector diagrams shown. McElhinny & McFadden 2000. |
| LP-DC3 |
Lab Protocol |
DC3 |
LINK |
Vector diagrams or stereoplots with M/Mo justify demagnetization procedures used. McElhinny & McFadden 2000. |
| LP-DC4 |
Lab Protocol |
DC4 |
LINK |
Principal component analysis carried out from analysis of Zijderveld diagrams. McElhinny & McFadden 2000. |
| LP-DC5 |
Lab Protocol |
DC5 |
LINK |
Magnetic vectors isolated using two or more demagnetization methods with principle component analysis. McElhinny & McFadden 2000. |
| LP-DIR |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Directional data. |
| LP-DIR-AF |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Directional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization. |
| LP-DIR-AF-D |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Directional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization, Double. |
| LP-DIR-AF-G |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Directional data: Step-wise alternating field demagnetization, Triple. |
| LP-DIR-M |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Directional data: Step-wise microwave demagnetization. |
| LP-DIR-T |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Directional data: Step-wise thermal demagnetization. |
| LP-DM-NRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Demagnetization: Room temperature NRM. Measurement of sample NRM on squid or spinner magnetometer, cooling in liquid nitrogen bath, rewarming in zero field and then re-measuring at room temperature. |
| LP-DM-SIRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Demagnetization: Room temperature SIRM. Measurement of sample NRM on squid or spinner magnetometer, cooling in liquid nitrogen bath, rewarming in zero field and then re-measuring at room temperature. |
| LP-FC |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Field cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming. |
| LP-FC-IM |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Field cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming. |
| LP-FORC |
Lab Protocol |
|
LINK |
First order reversal curves or FORC analysis. Roberts et al. 2000. |
| LP-HC |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Half core measurements. |
| LP-HYS |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Hysteresis loops. Stoner & Wohlfarth 1948. |
| LP-HYS-M |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Hysteresis loops: Minor loops. Chikazumi & Charap 1964. |
| LP-HYS-O |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Hysteresis loops: As a function of orientation. |
| LP-HYS-T |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Hysteresis loops: As a function of temperature. |
| LP-IMAG |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Initial magnetization curves. |
| LP-IMT |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Induced magnetization as a function of temperature. |
| LP-IRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
LINK |
IRM acquisition. After demagnetization a specimen is subject to successively increasing fields, acquiring partial IRMs until saturation is reached (SIRM). Remanence is measured at each step to provide the IRM acquisition curve. Irving 1964. |
| LP-IRM-3D |
Lab Protocol |
|
LINK |
IRM acquisition: Thermal demagnetization of 3-axis IRM. IRM is applied to the specimen along three orthogonal axes at different field strengths (e.g. 5T, 0.4T, 0.12T). Then the specimen is thermally demagnetized and the magnitude along the orthogonal axis (X1,X2,X3) versus temperature is plotted. Lowrie 1990. |
| LP-IRM-AFD |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
IRM acquisition: AF demagnetization. |
| LP-IRM-DCD |
Lab Protocol |
|
LINK |
IRM acquisition: DC demagnetization. DC field is applied to remove IRM. The specimen is then exposed to increasing strengths of the reverse field until the remanence reduces to zero at Bcr. The IRMs are then plotted versus applied field producing the acquisition/removal curves. Irving 1964. |
| LP-LT |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Lab protocol involving low temperature treatments. |
| LP-MC |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Measured while cooling. |
| LP-MC-I |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Measured while cooling: In laboratory field. |
| LP-MC-Z |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Measured while cooling: In zero field. |
| LP-MRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
MRM acquisition: Microwave induced TRM. |
| LP-MRT |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Remanent magnetization as a function of temperature. |
| LP-MST |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Saturation magnetization as a function of temperature. |
| LP-MW |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Measured while warming. |
| LP-MW-I |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Measured while warming: In laboratory field. |
| LP-MW-Z |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Measured while warming: In zero field. |
| LP-PFC |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Partial field cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming. |
| LP-PFC-IM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Partial field cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming. |
| LP-PI |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment. Minimal paleointensity method code, further information, about the basic method, alteration checks, and reciprocity checks can be specified using additional LP-PI codes described below. |
| LP-PI-ALT |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check. This code is used to indicate that some kind of check was used to detect alteration of the sample during the course of the paleointensity experiments. More details can be specified using the supplemental codes described below. |
| LP-PI-ALT-AFARM |
Lab Protocol |
|
LINK |
Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using AF demagnetization of ARM. A method to detect alteration that uses AF demagnetization of an ARM, before and after heating to impart TRM. Changes in the ARM coercivity spectrum indicate alteration. Shaw 1974. |
| LP-PI-ALT-AFTRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using AF coercivity spectrum before and after TRM acquisition. Check that AF coercivity spectrum does not change during paleointensity experiment. Valet & Hererro-Bervera 2000. |
| LP-PI-ALT-DH |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using the double heating method. |
| LP-PI-ALT-HYST |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using hysteresis after acquisitions of TRM. Haag et al. 1995. |
| LP-PI-ALT-PMRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using a partial microwave induced TRM check. This is a check for reproducibility of pTRM acquisition at a specific temperature. During a Thellier-type paleointensity experiment, the specimen is reheated to a lower temperature and cooled in the laboratory field, thus reapplying a pTRM. Hill et al. 2005. |
| LP-PI-ALT-PTRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using a pTRM check. This is a check for reproducibility of pTRM acquisition at a specific temperature. During a Thellier-type paleointensity experiment, the specimen is reheated to a lower temperature and cooled in the laboratory field, thus reapplying a pTRM. Thellier & Thellier 1959. |
| LP-PI-ALT-SUSC |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Alteration check using specimen susceptibility that does not change after successive heatings. |
| LP-PI-ARM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory ARM to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation. Any paleointensity experiment in which a laboratory ARM is used to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation, as suggested by Levi and Banerjee (1976) or the more detailed pseudo-Thellier experiments of Tauxe et al . (1995). Levi & Banerjee 1976, Tauxe et al. 1995. |
| LP-PI-BT |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check. Reciprocity checks are used to determine whether the blocking and unblocking process is the same at a given temperature during a Thellier-type experiment. This is considered an indicator of the types of grains (single or multidomain) present in the specimen. |
| LP-PI-BT-IZZI |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using in-field step, followed by zero-field step. Heating to a specific temperature to remove NRM and then cooling in a known magnetic field to induce TRM. Followed by heating to the same or lower temperature step and then cooling in zero, ambient magnetic field. |
| LP-PI-BT-LT |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using low temperature cycling of the specimen. In zero field the specimen is cooled to low temperature and warmed prior to measurement. Low temperature cycling of specimens can detect presence of particles whose magnetic properties depend on magnetocrystalline anisotropy, including multidomain grains. Ozema 1964, Dunlop & Ozdemir 1997. |
| LP-PI-BT-MD |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment: Reciprocity check using an attempted removal of a previously placed pTRM. A check carried out during Thellier-type procedures to detect multidomain grains. Additional zero field heating steps are used to remove a previously placed pTRM. The ability to remove a prior pTRM step at the same temperature imparted is used as an indicator of reversal. Scherbakov et al. 1993, Riisager & Riisager 2001. |
| LP-PI-CA |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment in controlled atmosphere. Thellier 1938. |
| LP-PI-CA-AR |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment in controlled atmosphere: Argon. Thellier 1938. |
| LP-PI-CA-N |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment in controlled atmosphere: Nitrogen. Thellier 1938. |
| LP-PI-CA-VAC |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment in controlled atmosphere: Under vacuum. Thellier 1938. |
| LP-PI-II |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Original Thellier-Thellier method with in-field and in-field steps analogous to LP-PI-IZ and LP-PI-ZI. Thellier 1938. |
| LP-PI-IRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory IRM to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation. Use of a laboratory IRM to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation. Levi & Banerjee 1976. |
| LP-PI-IZ |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment: In-field and zero-field pair of steps. |
| LP-PI-M |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment: Microwave demagnetization. Use of microwave radiation as the energy source to unblock NRM and/or for in-field remanence acquisition. Walton et al. 1993. |
| LP-PI-M-D |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Microwave demagnetization with both zero-field and in-field steps. Use of microwave radiation as the energy source to unblock NRM and/or for in-field remanence acquisition. Hill et al. 2005. |
| LP-PI-M-II |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Microwave demagnetization with an in-field step followed by another in-field step (classical Thellier experiment). Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in known ambient magnetic field. The same step is then repeated.. |
| LP-PI-M-IZ |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a microwave TRM with an in-field step followed by a zero-field step. Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in known ambient magnetic field. Then heating to the same or lower temperature and then cooling in zero magnetic field to induce pTRM. |
| LP-PI-M-PERP |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Microwave heating with perpendicular protocol. Use of microwave radiation as the energy source to unblock NRM and/or for in-field remanence acquisition. Perpendicular protocol. Each step includes a single infield step with lab field perpendicular to the NRM. The protocol can include demagnetization steps until overprint is removed.. Hill & Shaw 2007. |
| LP-PI-M-S |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Microwave demagnetization with only in-field steps. Use of microwave radiation as the energy source to unblock NRM and/or for in-field remanence acquisition. Walton et al. 1993. |
| LP-PI-M-ZI |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a microwave TRM with a zero-field step followed by an in-field step. Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in zero ambient magnetic field. Then heating to the same or lower temperature and then cooling in a known magnetic field to induce pTRM. |
| LP-PI-MULT |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a multi-specimen procedure. Hoffman et al. 1989. |
| LP-PI-PARM |
Lab Protocol |
|
LINK |
Paleointensity experiment: Best-fit slope through NRM remaining versus pARM gained data. Tauxe et al. 1995. |
| LP-PI-REL |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment: Normalized NRM for relative paleofield estimation. |
| LP-PI-SXTAL |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment: Using a single crystal approach. Cottrell & Tarduno 1999. |
| LP-PI-TDS |
Lab Protocol |
|
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Paleointensity experiment: Normalized by thermal demagnetization spectrum. |
| LP-PI-TRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM. Any paleointensity experiment that uses a TRM produced in a lab controlled field. Includes all variants of the Thellier method, including the Shaw method. More details on alteration and reciprocity checks can be added using the special LP-PI-ALT and LP-PI-BT method codes. Thellier 1938. |
| LP-PI-TRM-II |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with an in-field step followed by another in-field step (classical Thellier experiment). Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in known ambient magnetic field. The same step is then repeated.. Thellier 1938. |
| LP-PI-TRM-IZ |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with an in-field step followed by a zero-field step. Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in known ambient magnetic field. Then heating to the same or lower temperature and then cooling in zero magnetic field to induce pTRM. |
| LP-PI-TRM-MULT |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Multi-specimen paleointensity determination. |
| LP-PI-TRM-PERP |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with perpendicular protocol. Each step includes a single infield step with lab field perpendicular to the NRM. The protocol can include demagnetizations steps until overprint is removed.. Kono 1974. |
| LP-PI-TRM-ZI |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory TRM with a zero-field step followed by an in-field step. Heating the specimen to the desired temperature step and then cooling in zero ambient magnetic field. Then heating to the same or lower temperature and then cooling in a known magnetic field to induce pTRM. |
| LP-PI-X |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Using a laboratory susceptibility to normalize NRM for paleofield estimation. |
| LP-PI-ZI |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Paleointensity experiment: Zero-field and in-field pair of steps. |
| LP-TRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
TRM acquisition. |
| LP-TRM-AFD |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
TRM acquisition: AF demagnetization. |
| LP-TRM-TD |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
TRM acquisition: Thermal demagnetization. |
| LP-U |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
U-Channel. |
| LP-VRM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Viscous acquisition of remanent magnetization. |
| LP-VRM-D |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Viscous acquisition of remanent magnetization: Decay. |
| LP-WC |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Whole core measurements. |
| LP-X |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Susceptibility measurement. |
| LP-X-F |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Susceptibility measurement: As a function of frequency. |
| LP-X-FERRO |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Susceptibility measurement: Independent measurements of low field and highfield susceptibility for getting ferromagnetic susceptibility. Ferromagnetic susceptibility is the low-field minus the high-field susceptibility to correct for paramagnetic contribution. |
| LP-X-H |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Susceptibility measurement: As a function of amplitude. |
| LP-X-T |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Susceptibility measurement: As a function of temperature. |
| LP-ZFC |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Zero field cooled: Remanent magnetization measured on warming. |
| LP-ZFC-IM |
Lab Protocol |
|
|
Zero field cooled: Induced magnetization measured on warming. |
|
