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Randall & Van Allen 1986
Randall, B.A. and Van Allen, J.A. (1986). Heliocentric radius of the cosmic ray modulation boundary. Geophysical Research Letters 13: doi: 10.1029/GL013i007p00628. issn: 0094-8276.

We have made a semi-empirical analysis of our extensive body of observed cosmic ray intensity data from Pioneers 10 and 11 and related spectral information from other authors in order to infer the radius R of the modulation region surrounding the sun. During the period 1972--1985 the inferred values of R vary with time systematically and in a manner generally similar to that of sunspot numbers. The range of values of R is from 42 AU at the time of minimum solar activity (~1976) to 88 AU about 1.5 yr following the time of maximum solar activity (~1980). A specific, testable prediction is that Pioneer 10 will reach the modulation boundary in 1988 and will remain in its vicinity for several years thereafter.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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