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Stevenson & Potter 1986
Stevenson, D.J. and Potter, B.E. (1986). Titan’s latitudinal temperature distribution and seasonal cycle. Geophysical Research Letters 13: doi: 10.1029/GL013i002p00093. issn: 0094-8276.

Voyager IRIS brightness temperature measurements of Titan at a wavelength of 530 cm-1 are crudely indicative of ground or lower tropospheric temperatures and indicate 93 K for the equator and 91 K for both northern and southern high latitudes. The symmetry between north and south is unexpected for the time of Voyager encounter (Northern Titan spring). We show that this near-symmetry can arise naturally in a model where the poles are ''pinned'' year-round at the dew point of CH4--N2 lakes or, more probably, a CH4--N2 rich surface layer on a deep ethane-rich ocean. For a polar temperature of 91 K, the model implies that the atmosphere contains somewhat less than 8% mole fraction of CH4.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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