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Morrison & Ellwood 1986
Morrison, J. and Ellwood, B.B. (1986). Paleomagnetism of Silurian-Ordovician sediments from the valley and ridge province, Northwest Georgia. Geophysical Research Letters 13: doi: 10.1029/GL013i003p00189. issn: 0094-8276.

The remanent magnetism (RM) for 93 specimens has been determined in 34 independently oriented samples from 20 sites at Ringgold Gap, Georgia, in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Southern Appalachians. Lithologies sampled include Middle Ordovician through Silurian fossiliferous limestones and hematitic sandstones and siltstones. The section is confined within a single thrust slice. Thermal demagnetization results indicate that hematite is the dominant RM carrier although detrital magnetite has also been identified optically in some specimens.

Both normal and reversed polarities are present and the resulting paleopole is 28¿N, 142¿E (&agr;95=7.3¿). This pole falls within the cluster of published Lower Paleozoic Valley and Ridge poles but rather than clarifying the distribution of poles it augments the scatter. Three factors are thought to contribute to this scatter: (1) unresolved components to rotation, possibly introduced during folding and thrust faulting, which result in declination anomalies, (2) true vertical axis tectonic rotations during deformation, and (3) insufficient knowledge of the timing of magnetization. In light of these uncertainties, caution should be exercised in constructing a Lower Paleozoic appear polar wander path with paleopoles from the Valley and Ridge Province.

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