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Schaber et al. 1987
Schaber, G.G., Kozak, R.C. and Masursky, H. (1987). Cleopatra Patera on Venus: Venera 15/16 evidence for a volcanic origin. Geophysical Research Letters 14: doi: 10.1029/GL014i001p00041. issn: 0094-8276.

The non-concentric nature, anomalous depth, and terraced morphology of the nested craters that compose Cleopatra Patera are more closely analogous to volcanic craters (calderas) than multi-ring impact structures. Associated deposits northeast and downslope of the Patera first recognized on Venera 15/16 radar images are interpreted as volcanic plains related to, and perhaps cogenetic with, Cleopatra. The plains lavas probably originated as effusions from a radial rift zone or ring fissures. Rim deposits surrounding Cleopatra are asymmetric along the structural fabric of the region, also indicating fissure-type eruptions. Finally, a volcanic origin not only is easily reconciled with the tectonic setting of the Patera, it is almost required by the correlation between the Patera and regional structural trend. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1987

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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