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Kremser et al. 1987
Kremser, G., Stüdemann, W., Wilken, B. and Gloeckler, G. (1987). Observations of the spatial distribution of energetic 03+, 04+, and 05+ ions in the magnetosphere. Geophysical Research Letters 14: doi: 10.1029/GL014i007p00685. issn: 0094-8276.

The Charge-Energy-Mass Spectrometer CHEM on the AMPTE/CCE spacecraft provides measurements of oxygen ions with charge states between 1 and 6 in the magnetosphere close to the equatorial plane. The first investigations of the spatial distribution of O3+, O4+, and O5+ ions revealed that these ions are continuously present in the magnetosphere. Their L profiles exhibit broad maxima that are located at 6≤L≤7 for O3+ and O4+ and at 7≤L≤ 8 for O5+ ions during periods of low to medium geomagnetic activity (Kp<4). With increasing Kp the flux versus L distributions extend further earthward and the maxima move to slightly lower L values. While the flux decrease earthward of the maximum is very steep, the gradual decrease outward of the maximum becomes flatter with increasing charge state. Comparison of these profiles to those of O+, O2+, and O6+ ions suggests that O3+, O4+, and O5+ ions are produced predominantly by charge exchange processes, and that the O4+ and O5+ ions are produced from the solar wind origin O6+. Our measurements of O3+ indicate that both the solar wind O6+ and the terrestrial ions O+ and O2+ contribute to the production of this ion species. ¿American Geophysical Union 1987

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Geophysical Research Letters
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