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Newell & Meng 1988
Newell, P.T. and Meng, C.-I. (1988). An event of distinct ion polar rain. Geophysical Research Letters 15: doi: 10.1029/88GL03376. issn: 0094-8276.

Although the comparatively featureless polar-cap precipitation phenomenon of the electron polar rain has been known and studied since the work of Winningham and Heikkila [1974>, to date there has been almost no work concerning ion polar rain, apparently because of its low intensity. This report documents a clear instance of ions at magnetosheath energy levels, precipitating in the manner characteristic of polar rain at flux levels of ≲109 eV/cm2-s-sr-a flux about 10 times larger than that reported in the only previously published discussion of ion polar rain [Hardy et al., 1986>. A Maxwellian distribution with a temperature of 230 eV and a density of 0.02/cm3 fits the ion polar rain reasonably well. The comparatively high intensity permits verification that the strong dayside-nightside gradient expected and observed in electron polar rain also occurs in the ion polar rain, and that the sign of the dawn-dusk gradient was appropriate for the IMF By component at the time. A fairly typical (somewhat intense) electron polar rain accompanied the ion polar-cap precipitation, displaying the same gradients as the ions. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1988

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Abstract

Keywords
Ionosphere, Polar cap ionosphere, Ionosphere, Ion chemistry and composition
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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