n-Alkane distributions and concentrations have been determined in the atmospheric particulate and gas phases for samples collected over the Mediterranean Sea. Distributions of airborne alkanes exhibited a strong odd to even prediminance in the C22-C38 range associated with the presence of unresolved compounds indicating a mixture of terrigenous and anthropogenic inputs. Variations in their concentration levels could be related to the origin of air masses. Solvent extractable gas phase n-alkanes dominated in the C15-C22 range with a slight predominance of n-C17 except in one sample were C18 and C20 were dominant. A hump of unresolved compounds shifted toward low molecular weight was observed in all the samples. The origin of vapor phase hydrocarbons is discussed with respect to the composition of seawater samples collected during the same cruise. From lifetime and transport time considerations as well as distribution features, both marine and continental origins, likely anthropogenic, are suggested. The strong terrigenous signal of the suspended particles in the microlayer and underlying waters is attributed to aerosol deposition. The dissolved alkane compositional feature suggested both marine and anthropogenic sources. ¿American Geophysical Union 1990