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Grebowsky et al. 1993
Grebowsky, J.M., Hartle, R.E., Kar, J., Cloutier, P.A., Taylor, H.A. and Brace, L.H. (1993). Ion measurements during Pioneer Venus reentry: Implications for solar cycle variation of ion composition and dynamics. Geophysical Research Letters 20: doi: 10.1029/93GL02239. issn: 0094-8276.

During the final, low solar activity phase of the Pioneer Venus mission, the Orbiter Ion Mass Spectrometer measurements found all ion species, in the midnight-dusk sector, reduced in concentration relative to that observed at solar maximum. Molecular ion species comprised a greater part of the total ion concentration as O+ and H+ had the greatest depletions. The nightside ionospheric states were strikingly similar to the isolated solar maximum ''disappearing'' ionospheres. Both are very dynamic states characterized by a rapidly drifting plasma and 30--100 eV superthermal O+ ions. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1993

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Abstract

Keywords
Planetology, Solid Surface Planets and Satellites, Ionospheres, Ionosphere, Planetary ionospheres, Ionosphere, Ion chemistry and composition
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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