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Tsunoda 1994
Tsunoda, R.T. (1994). Enhanced velocities and a shear in daytime Esq over Kwajalein and their relationship to 150 km echoes over the dip equator. Geophysical Research Letters 21: doi: 10.1029/94GL02507. issn: 0094-8276.

We present the first evidence of enhanced irregularity-drift velocities and a velocity shear in the daytime E region at 4.3¿ N dip latitude. These features, found in radar measurements from Kwajalein during q-type sporadic E (Esq) events, are interpreted in terms of a polarization electric field that develops in response to the presence of latitudinal gradients in field-line-integrated conductivity caused by sporadic-E layers. Because the E region over Kwajalein connects directly to 150-km altitude over the magnetic dip equator, we suggest that a similar polarization process is responsible for the so-called 150-km echoes that have been observed routinely by the Jicamarca radar. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1994

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Abstract

Keywords
Ionosphere, Electric fields and currents, Ionosphere, Equatorial ionosphere, Ionosphere, Ionospheric irregularities
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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