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Goff et al. 1994
Goff, J.A., Holliger, K. and Levander, A. (1994). Modal fields: A new method for characterization of random seismic velocity heterogeneity. Geophysical Research Letters 21: doi: 10.1029/94GL00311. issn: 0094-8276.

Geologically and petrophysically constrained synthetic random velocity fields are important tools for exploring (through the application of numerical codes) the seismic response of small-scale lithospheric heterogeneities. Statistical and geophysical analysis of mid- and lower-crustal exposures has demonstrated that the probability density function for some seismic velocity fields is likely to be discrete rather than continuous. We apply the term ''modal'' fields to describe fields of this sort. This letter details a methodology for generating synthetic modal fields which satisfy the von K¿rm¿n covariance function. In addition, we explore some of the mathematics of ''modality,'' and define a modality parameter which quantifies the variation between end members binary and continuous fields.

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Abstract

Keywords
Seismology, Structure of the crust, Seismology, Instruments and techniques
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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