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Varotsos & Lazaridou 1996
Varotsos, P. and Lazaridou, M. (1996). Reply to “Probability of earthquake occurrence in Greece with special reference to the VAN predictions,” by Y. Honkura and N. Tanaka. Geophysical Research Letters 23: doi: 10.1029/96GL00914. issn: 0094-8276.

The calculation of Honkura and Tanaka [1996> and that of Aceves et al. [1996>, provide important tools for the clarification of the main question of this issue, i.e., whether or not the VAN predictions can be ascribed to chance. Honkura and Tanaka's [1996> calculation showed that, in a circular area with a radius of 120 km and for the time window of 22 days, the probability P of occurrence of an earthquake (EQ) with Ms≥5.0 in Greece is less than 0.25, and even smaller for a time window of 11 days. For larger magnitude thresholds, i.e., Ms≥5.5 or Ms≥5.8 (and in view of Gutenberg-Richter relation), their P-value has to be drastically smaller. A simple comparison of these P-values with the Tables of Mulargia and Gasperini [1992, 1996a> immediately reveals that VAN-predictions cannot be ascribed to chance. Note that an inspection of the latter Tables leads to (i) the VAN success rate is 40~45% (when considering correlations with earthquakes having MEQ≥5.0 only), and (ii) the VAN alarm rates increase with the (earthquake) magnitude threshold, reaching to values of 50% and 60%, for MEQ≥5.5 and MEQ≥5.8 respectively. Another important point, which emerges from the calculation of Honkura and Tanaka [1996>, is that ''aftershocks must be treated carefully.'' This strengthens our remarks in Principles 4 and 5 of Varotsos et al. [1996a> that the inappropriate treatment of aftershocks in Mulargia and Gasperini's [1992> calculation (which was based on Poisson distribution): (i) changed drastically the values of the significance level and (ii) turned a true ''forward time correlation,'' between predictions and earthquakes, to a ''backward time association.'' The latter point is also separately checked by Honkura and Tanaka [1996> who conclude that: ''...with the backwards time correlation in mind... we could not find cases in which a high probability arises for the occurrence of an EQ of MS≥5.0 in the target area.'' In this Reply we also proceed to some necessary clarifications, concerning the calculation of the ''success rate'' and ''alarm rate'' when a prediction method has, as expected, an experimental error in the magnitude determination. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1996

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Keywords
Seismology, Seismic hazard assessment and prediction
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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