Previous transport models of the plasmasphere, ring current and radiation belts have considered either diffusive or convective transport, but not both. Since the ∇B drift speed is proportional to energy, analyses of particles with E>100 keV have generally used only ∇B drift and diffusive transport. Conversely, particles of E<30 keV have been treated with only E¿B drift and convective transport. The ring current, which lies between these two regimes, cannot be described by either mechanism alone, so that these standard models, though widely used and otherwise applicable, fail in detail to describe the trapped ion population as observed with modern instrumentation. We develop a formalism that can describe both diffusive and convective transport in a completely general way, including UT, LT, radial, and pitch angle dependence, with arbitrary magnetic and electric field models. The formalism is general enough to rederive the electric or magnetic diffusion coefficients for trapped particles without the simplifying assumption of axial symmetry or a vanishing convection electric field, thus improving on the standard coefficients derived nearly 30 years ago. More importantly, we include the previously neglected diffusion term due to a localized, non-global perturbation of the fields, and show that under some circumstances this term may dominate over the resonant diffusion caused by global perturbations.¿ 1997 American Geophysical Union