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Cohen et al. 1999
Cohen, C.M.S., Cummings, A.C., Leske, R.A., Mewaldt, R.A., Stone, E.C., Dougherty, B.L., Wiedenbeck, M.E., Christian, E.R. and von Rosenvinge, T.T. (1999). Inferred charge states of high energy solar particles from the solar isotope spectrometer on ACE. Geophysical Research Letters 26: doi: 10.1029/1998GL900218. issn: 0094-8276.

The large solar event on November 6, 1997, was enriched in heavy elements (Fe/O~1) with very hard energy spectra (power law index of -2). There was also a large enrichment in heavier isotopes, suggesting unusually strong charge to mass (Q/M) fractionation (~(Q/M)-7). Assuming that the fractionation is dominated by Q/M and first ionization potential (FIP) related processes, we have inferred the charge states of twelve elements with energies of 12--60 MeV/nucleon. These results suggest a source temperature of 3--6¿106 K, significantly higher than deduced at lower energies. ¿ 1999 American Geophysical Union

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Abstract

Keywords
Interplanetary Physics, Energetic particles, solar, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy, Corona, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy, Flares, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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