The Early Pliocene is the most recent interval in which equilibrium oceanic conditions can be studied in the context of global warmth relative to today. To characterize thermohaline circulation during this warm period (4.4--3.1 Ma) we combined new benthic foraminiferal isotopic data from the southeast Atlantic with published data, and reconstructed Pacific and Atlantic Ocean nutrient distributions. The data indicate enhanced ventilation of the deep Atlantic and intermediate Pacific during the Early Pliocene. Enhanced ventilation implies that delivery of surface water to high latitudes in western boundary currents of North Pacific and Atlantic subtropical gyres was probably also enhanced. Future modeling of this warm period needs to reconcile reduced meridional surface temperature gradients with enhanced subtropical gyre and thermohaline circulation. ¿ 2000 American Geophysical Union