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Lie-Svendsen & Rees 1996
Lie-Svendsen, Ø. and Rees, M.H. (1996). Helium escape from the terrestrial atmosphere: The ion outflow mechanism. Journal of Geophysical Research 101: doi: 10.1029/95JA02208. issn: 0148-0227.

We have computed global He+ escape fluxes for a range and a variety of diurnal, seasonal, universal time, and solar activity geophysical conditions. We average over the short-term variables and compute the globally averaged escape flux for a range of cutoff latitudes, which separate regions of open and closed field lines, during one solar cycle. The global escape flux averaged over a solar cycle was computed, and we find that a cutoff latitude of about 60¿ or lower is sufficient to balance the outgassing from the Earth's crust. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1996

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Abstract

Keywords
Ionosphere, Polar cap ionosphere, Ionosphere, Ionosphere/magnetosphere interactions, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Evolution of the atmosphere
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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