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Dowden 1996
Dowden, R.L. (1996). Distortion of Trimpi shapes by high-altitude winds. Journal of Geophysical Research 101: doi: 10.1029/95JA02521. issn: 0148-0227.

Phase and amplitude perturbations (Trimpis) on man-made VLF signals propagating in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, due to lightning-induced ionization occurring off the great circle path from VLF transmitter to receiver, are sensitive to the instantaneous lateral location of this ionization. High-altitude winds of ~100 m/s can move this ionization fast enough during its decay to change the rate, shape, and even sign of the phase and amplitude perturbation decays. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1996

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Keywords
Ionosphere, Wave propagation, Radio Science, Remote sensing, Electromagnetics, Scattering and diffraction, Ionosphere, Particle precipitation
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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