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Detailed Reference Information
Arnoldy et al. 1975
Arnoldy, R.L., Hendrickson, R.A. and Winckler, J.R. (1975). Echo 2: Observations at Fort Churchill of a 4-keV peak in low-level electron precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research 80: doi: 10.1029/JA080i016p02316. issn: 0148-0227.

The Echo 2 rocket flight launched from Fort Churchill, Manitoba, offered the opportunity to observe high-latitude low-level electron precipitation during quiet magnetic conditions. Although no visual aurora was evident at the time of the flight, an auroral spectrum sharply peaked at a few keV was observed to have intensities from 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than peaked spectra typically assoicated with bright auroral forms. There is a growing body of evidence that relates peaked electron spectra to discrete aurora. The Echo 2 observations show that whatever the mechanism for peaking the electron spectrum in and above discrete forms, it operates over a range of precipitation intensities covering nearly 3 orders of magnitude down to subvisual or near subvisual events.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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