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Heaps & MeGill 1975
Heaps, M.G. and MeGill, L.R. (1975). Circulation in the high-latitude thermosphere due to electric fields and Joule heating. Journal of Geophysical Research 80: doi: 10.1029/JA080i013p01829. issn: 0148-0227.

Electric fields in the earth's upper atmosphere are capable of setting the neutral atmosphere in motion via ion-neutral collisions as well as pressure gradients from resultant Joule heating. By means of simple models for the high-latitude thermosphere and electric fields a simplified set of coupled equations is solved which show that moderate electric fields, when present for a period of several hours, are capable of displacing the neutral atmosphere of the order of 50 km in the vertical, a few hundred kilometers in the north-south direction and over 1000 km in the east-west direction.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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