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Fairfield & Behannon 1976
Fairfield, D.H. and Behannon, K.W. (1976). Bow shock and magnetosheath waves at mercury. Journal of Geophysical Research 81: doi: 10.1029/JA081i022p03897. issn: 0148-0227.

Mariner 10 measuremnets at the Mercury bow shock provide examples where the magnetic field is approximately parallel or perpendicular to the bow shock normal. Upstream of a broad irregular parallel shock, left-hand circularly polarized waves are observed which cut off very sharply at ~4 Hz. Upstream of a perpendicular shock, right-hand circularly polarized waves are observed which persist up to the Nyquist frequency of 12 Hz. Determination of the wave vector as a function of frequency helps to identify conclusively the waves as whistler mode waves propagating from the shock. The magnetosheath downstream of the parallel shock is disturbed more than that downstream of the perpendicular shock, particularly below 1 Hz. In the latter case, regular left-hand-polarized waves observed slightly above the proton gyrofrequency are identified as ion cyclotron waves with wavelengths of ~300 km which have been Doppler shifted up to their observed frequency.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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