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Kaufmann & Cahill 1977
Kaufmann, R.L. and Cahill, L.J. (1977). The magnetopause at 5.2 Re on August 4, 1972: magnetopause shape and structure. Journal of Geophysical Research 82: doi: 10.1029/JA082i010p01573. issn: 0148-0227.

The shape and the structure of the magnetopause are examined during several passages of the magnetopause past ATS 5 and Explorer 45 on August 4, 1972. Determination of boundary normals and comparison of observations at the two satellites indicate that the magnetopause shape in the afternoon sector was close to the shape indicated by theory. Magnetopause normals for a series of closely spaced inward/outward magnetopause passages indicate that these passages were not caused by surface waves moving along the magnetopause. Hodograms of the magnetic field observed during the first two magnetopause passages indicate that the magnetopause was a tangential discontinuity. The magnetic field changes during these passages were used to derive the magnitude and the direction of electrical currents, principally eastward, flowing in the magnetopause. The third passage was very rapid, so a detailed evaluation of the structure was not possible, but it also indicated a tangential discontinuity. A rotational discontinuity was observed in the magnetosheath followed by several magnetopause crossings where the field changed form northeastward in the magnetosheath to northward in the magnetosphere. The magnetopause currents associated with these passages flow northeastward, parallel to the magnetic field. These last observations agree with either open or closed magnetosphere models.

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Abstract

Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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