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Holzworth et al. 1977
Holzworth, R.H., Berthelier, J.-J., Cullers, D.K., Fahleson, U.V., Falthammar, C.-G., Hudson, M.K., Jalonen, L., Kelley, M.C., Kellogg, P.J., Tanskanen, P., Temerin, M. and Mozer, F.S. (1977). The large-scale ionospheric electric field: Its variation with magnetic activity and relation to terrestrial kilometric radiation. Journal of Geophysical Research 82: doi: 10.1029/JA082i019p02735. issn: 0148-0227.

Four days of simultaneous auroral zone electric field measurements on balloons flown from six sites spanning 180¿ of magnetic longitude have been analyzed. The average electric field behavior during this magnetically quiet epoch is consistent with earlier single-point measurements, although the average auroral zone electric field was more affected by corotation effects than it was during more disturbed times. When these data, which primarily reflect the large-scale (several hundred kilometer) ionospheric electric field, are mapped to the equator, a steady dawn to dusk component is apparent only on the average, while instantaneously the field is quite variable. The ionospheric electric field during isolated substorms is shown to have differing signatures east and west of 2200 LT. A worldwide positive correlation is shown to exist between the auroral zone electric field strength and the intensity of terrestrial kilometric radiation.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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